نِصْفَهُto halve itبِمَاwith whatيَسْتَحِقُّ،deserves,وَهُوَand it isأَنْthatيَكُونَit isمُحَرَّفًا.distorted.
To halve it with what it deserves, which is to be distorted.
الْوَجْهُthe faceالثَّالِثُ:the third:أَنْthatالتَّأْوِيلُthe interpretationبِغَيْرِwithoutدَلِيلٍevidenceبَاطِلٌ،is false,يَجِبُit is necessaryالْبُعْدُto keep awayعَنْهُ،from it,وَالتَّنْفِيرَand the repulsionمِنْهُ،from it,وَاسْتِعْمَالَand the use ofالتَّحْرِيفِdistortionفِيهِin itأَبْلَغُis more intenseتَنْفِيرًاrepulsionمِنَthanالتَّأْوِيلِ؛the interpretation;لِأَنَّbecauseالتَّحْرِيفَthe distortionلَاnotيَقْبَلُهُis acceptedأَحَدٌ،by anyone,لَكِنَّbutالتَّأْوِيلُthe interpretationلَيِّنٌis softتَقْبَلُهُit is acceptedالنَّفْسُ،by the self,وَتَسْتَفْصِلُand it seeks clarificationعَنْaboutمَعْنَاهُ،its meaning,أَمَّاas forالتَّحْرِيفُ؛the distortion;بِمُجَرَّدِas soon asمَاwhatنَقُولُwe sayهَذَاthisتَحْرِيفٌ.is distortion.يُنَفِّرُrepelsالْإِنسَانُa personمِنْهُfrom itوَإِذَاand ifكَانَit wasكَذَٰلِكَ؛so;فَإِنَّthenاسْتِعْمَالَthe use ofالتَّحْرِيفِthe distortionفِيْمَنِamong those whoخَالَفُواdisagreed withطَرِيقَthe pathالسَّلَفِthe predecessorsأَلَيْقٌis more appropriateمِنْthanاسْتِعْمَالِthe use ofالتَّأْوِيلِ.the interpretation.
The third point: that interpretation without evidence is false, and it is necessary to keep away from it and to be repulsed by it; the use of distortion in it is more repulsive than interpretation, because no one accepts distortion, but interpretation is soft and is accepted by the self, and it seeks clarification on its meaning; as for distortion, as soon as we say 'this is distortion,' it repels a person from it. If that is the case; then the use of distortion among those who disagreed with the path of the predecessors is more appropriate than the use of interpretation.
الْوَجْهُthe faceالرَّابِعُ:the fourth:أَنْthatالتَّأْوِيلُthe interpretationلَيْسَis notمَذْمُومًاblamedكُلَّهُ؛entirely;قَالَhe saidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetالصَّلَاةُpeaceالسَّلامُ:and blessings:اللَّهُمَّO Allah,فَقِّهْهُgrant him understandingفِيinالدِّينِreligionوَعَلِّمْهُand teach himالتَّأْوِيلَ»(۱)،the interpretation,” (1),وَقَالَand He saidاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿“وَمَاand whatيَعْلَمُknowsتَأْوِيلَهُits interpretationإِلَّاexceptاللَّهُAllahوَالرَّاسِخُونَand the firmly rootedفِيinالعِلْمِ﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ:knowledge” [Al-Imran:]؛];فَامْتَدَحَهُمْHe praised themبِأَنَّهُمْbecause theyيَعْلَمُونَknowالتَّأْوِيلَ.the interpretation.
The fourth point: that interpretation is not entirely blamed; the Prophet said: ‘O Allah, grant him understanding in religion and teach him the interpretation’ (1), and Allah the Exalted said: 'And none knows its interpretation except Allah and those firmly rooted in knowledge' [Al-Imran: ]; He praised them because they know the interpretation.
وَالتَّأْوِيلُand interpretationلَيْسَis notكُلَّهُentirelyمَذْمُومًا؛blamed;لِأَنَّbecauseالتَّأْوِيلُthe interpretationلَهُfor itمَعَانٍmeaningsمُتَعَدِّدَةٌ،multiple,يَكُونُit isبِمَعْنَىin the meaning ofالتَّفْسِيرِ،the explanation,وَيَكُونُand it isبِمَعْنَىin the meaning ofالْعَاقِبَةِthe consequenceوَالْمَالِ،and wealth,وَيَكُونُand it isبِمَعْنَىin the meaning ofصَرْفٍdivertingالْلَّفْظِthe wordingعَنْfromظَاهِرِهِ.its apparent .
And not all interpretation is blamed; because interpretation has multiple meanings, it can mean explanation, it can mean consequence and wealth, and it can mean diverting the wording from its apparent meaning.
(أ)(A)يَكُونُisبِمَعْنَىin the meaning ofالتَّفْسِيرِ؛the explanation;كَقَوْلٍas the sayingكَثِيرٌmanyمِنَofالْمُفَسِّرِينَthe interpretersعِنْدَمَاwhenيُفَسِّرُونَthey interpretالْآيَةَ؛the verse;يَقُولُونَ:they say:تَأْوِيلٌthe interpretationقَوْلِهِof His sayingتَعَالَىthe Exaltedكَذَاsuch and such.وَكَذَا.And such.ثُمَّThenيَذْكُرُونَthey mentionالْمَعْنَى،the meaning,وَسُمِّيَand it is calledالتَّفْسِيرِthe explanation;لِأَنَّنَاbecause weأَوَّلْنَاhave interpretedالْكَلَامَ؛the word;أَي:that is:جَعَلْنَاهُwe made itيُؤَوِّلُto conveyإِلَىtoمَعْنَاهُits intended meaningبِهِ.with it.
(A) It is in the meaning of explanation; as many interpreters say when they interpret the verse; they say: 'The interpretation of His saying, the Exalted, such and such.' Then they mention the meaning, and it is called the explanation; because we have interpreted the word; that is: we made it convey its intended meaning with it.
(١)(1)رَوَاهُNarrated byأَحْمَدُAhmadفِيinالْمُسْنَدِthe Musnad(٢٣٩٦)(2396)،,وَالْفَسَوِيُّand Al-Faswiفِيinالْمَعْرِفَةِthe knowledgeوَالتَّارِيخِ»and the History’(٤٩٤/١)،(494/1),وَصَحَّحَهُand authenticatedأَحْمَدُAhmadشَاكِرٌ،Shakar,وَرَوَاهُand narrated byالْبُخَارِيُّAl-Bukhari(٧٥)(75)وand(١٤٣)(143)بِالْلَّفْظِby the wording::اللَّهُمَّO Allah,عَلِّمْهُteach himالْكِتَابَ.the Book.
(1) Narrated by Ahmad in the Musnad (2396), and by Al-Faswi in the Knowledge and History (494/1), and authenticated by Ahmad Shakar, and narrated by Al-Bukhari (75) and (143) with the wording: ‘O Allah, teach him the Book.’