وَجَدَfoundسَبَبَreasonالرِّضَاof satisfaction؛رَضِيَHe was satisfied؛كَمَاasقَالَsaidتَعَالَىThe Most High:﴿إِنْifتَكْفُرُواyou disbelieveفَإِنَّthen indeedاللَّهَAllahغَنِيٌّis All-Sufficientعَنكُمْfrom youوَلَاand does notيَرْضَىapproveلِعِبَادِهِfor His servantsالْكُفْرَdisbeliefوَإِنand ifتَشْكُرُواyou give thanksيَرْضَهُHe will be pleasedلَكُمْfor you﴾[الزُّمَرِ: ٧][Az-Zumar:7]وَصِفَاتٌAnd attributesلَيْسَتْare notلَهَاfor themسَبَبٌa reasonمَعْلُومٌ؛known;مِثْلَlike:النُّزُولِthe descentإِلَىtoالسَّمَاءِthe skyالدُّنْيَاof the worldحِينَwhenيَبْقَىremainsثُلُثُa thirdاللَّيْلِof the nightالْآخِرِ.the last.
The reason for satisfaction was found; He was satisfied; as Allah the Most High said: "If you disbelieve, then indeed Allah is All-Sufficient from you, and He does not approve for His servants disbelief; and if you give thanks, He will be pleased for you." [Az-Zumar:7] And there are attributes that have no known reason; like: the descent to the worldly sky when a third of the night remains.
وَمِنَAnd fromالصَّفَاتِthe attributesمَاwhatهُوَisصِفَةٌan attributeذَاتِيَّةٌessentialوَفِعْلِيَّةٌand in actionبِاعْتِبَارَيْنِ؛in two regards;فَالكَلاَمُThen speechصِفَةٌis an attributeفِعْلِيَّةٌof actionبِاعْتِبَارِin considerationآحَادِهِof its individual partsلَكِنْbutبِاعْتِبَارِin terms ofأصْلِهِits essenceصِفَةٌis an attributeذَاتِيَّةٌ؛essential;لِأَنَّbecauseاللَّهَAllahلَمْdid notيَزَلْceaseوَلَاand does notيَزَالُcontinueمُتَكَلِّمًا،speaking,لَكِنَّهُbut Heيَتَكَلَّمُspeaksبِمَاwith whatشَاءَHe willsمَتَىwheneverشَاءَ؛He wills;
And some attributes have a known reason; such as the descent to the worldly sky when a third of the night remains. And there are attributes that are both essential and action-based in two regards; speech is an action attribute in terms of its individual parts, but in terms of its essence, it is an essential attribute; because Allah did not cease and continues to be speaking, but He speaks with what He wills whenever He wills; as will be discussed in the study of speech, if Allah wills.
كَمَاasسَيَأْتِيit will comeفِيinبَحْثٍthe studyالْكَلَامِof speechإِنْifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىThe Most High؛اصْطَلَحَScholars have agreed toالْعُلَمَاءُthe scholarsاللَّهُAllahأَنْthatيُسَمُّواthey callهَذِهِtheseالصَّفَاتِattributesالفِعْلِيَّةِ؛of action;لِأَنَّهَاbecause theyمِنْare fromفِعْلِهِHis actionسُبْحَانَهُThe Most Glorifiedوَتَعَالَى.and The Most High.
As will be discussed in the study of speech, if Allah wills. The scholars have agreed to call these attributes of action; because they are from His action, the Most Glorified and the Most High.
وَلَهَاAnd they haveأَدِلَّةٌproofsكَثِيرَةٌmanyمِنَfromالْقُرْآنِ؛the Quran;مِثْلُlike:هُوَHe isوَجَاءَand cameرَبُّكَyour Lordوَالْمَلَائِكَةُand the angelsصَفًّاstood in rowsصَفًّاshoulderedالْفَجْرِthe dawn:﴿هَلْDoيَنْظُرُونَthey look forإِلَّاexceptأَنَّthatتَأْتِيَهُمُit comes to themالْمَلَائِكَةُthe angelsأَوْorيَأْتِيَcomesرَبُّكَyour Lord﴾[الْأَنْعَامِ: ١٥٨]،[Al-An'am:158]﴿رَضِيَHe was pleasedاللَّهُAllahعَنْهُمْwith themوَرَضُواand they were pleasedعَنْهُwith Him﴾[المَائِدَة: ١١٩]،[Al-Ma'idah:119]وَلَكِنَّButكَرِهَdislikedاللَّهُAllahأَنْforيُعَذِّبَهُمْHe sends themفَتَبَطَّهُمْso that He punishes them﴾[التَّوْبَةِ: ٤٦]،[At-Tawbah:46]﴿أَنْthatسَغِطَHe was angryاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِمْat themوَفِيand inالْعَذَابِthe punishmentهُمْthey areخَالِدُونَ﴾evermore.
And it has many proofs from the Quran; like: He is, "and your Lord and the angels stood in rows at dawn." [Al-An'am:158], "Do they look for anything except that the angels come to them or that your Lord comes?" [Al-Ma'idah:119], "Allah was pleased with them and they were pleased with Him," [At-Tawbah:46], "but Allah disliked Him sending them," [Al-Ma'idah:80], "that Allah was angry with them and they are evermore in punishment."
وَلَيْسَAnd there is notفِيinإِثْبَاتِهَاits affirmationلِلَّهِfor AllahتَعَالَىThe Most Highنَقْصٌa deficiencyبِوَجْهٍin any wayمِنَfromالْوُجُوهِ،the aspects,بَلْbutهَذَاthisمِنْofكَمَالِهِHis perfectionأَنْthatيَكُونَHe isفَاعِلًاactingلِمَاfor whatيُرِيدُ.He wills.
And there is no deficiency in affirming this to Allah the Most High, but this is from His perfection that He is acting for what He wills.
وَأُولَـئِكَAnd thoseالْقَوْمُpeopleالْمُحَرِّفُونَwho distortيَقُولُونَ:say:إِثْبَاتَهَاits affirmationمِنَis fromالنَّقْصِ!deficiency!وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonيُنْكِرُونَthey denyجَمِيعَallالصَّفَاتِattributesالْفِعْلِيَّةِ؛of action;يَقُولُونَthey sayلَاnoيَجِيءُ،comes,وَلَاnorيَرْضَى،is pleased,وَلَاnorيَسْخَطُ،is angry,وَلَاnorيَكْرَهُ،hates,وَلَاnorيُحِبُّ.loves.
And those people who distort say: "Its affirmation is from deficiency!" And for this reason, they deny all the attributes of action; they say: "No, He does not come, nor is He pleased, nor does He get angry, nor does He hate, nor does He love."