كَماasسَبَقَwas mentionedفِيinالمُقَدِّمَةِthe introduction
As mentioned in the introduction.
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His sayingوَأَصْطِبِرَAnd Aastir:اصْطَبِرْbe steadfast؛أَصْلُهَاIts originفِيinاللُّغَةِthe languageاصْطَبَرَ،Istbr.
And His saying: Aastir: be steadfast; its origin in the language is Istbr.
فَأُبْدِلَتْSo it was replacedالتَّاءَthe letter 'T'طَاءًwith 'TH'لِعِلَّةٍfor a grammatical reasonتَصْرِيفِيَّةٍmorphologicalوَالصَّبْرُAnd patienceحَبْسٌis the confinementالنَّفْسِ.of the soul.
So the letter 'T' was replaced with 'TH' for a grammatical reason, and patience is the confinement of the soul.
وَكَلِمَةٌAnd the word(اصْطَبِرْ)(Aastir)أَبْلَغُis more eloquentمِنْthan(اصْبِرْ)؛(Isbir);لِأَنَّهَاbecause itتَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonمُعَانَاةٍ؛suffering;فَالمَعْنَى:the meaning is:اصْبِرْ،be steadfast,وَإِنْeven ifشَقَّit is hardعَلَيْكَfor youذَلِكَ،that,وَاثْبِتْand remain steadfastثَبَاتًاwith steadfastnessالْقَرِينِof the companionلِقَرِينِهِfor his companionفِيinالْقِتَالِ.the fighting.
And the word (Aastir) is more eloquent than (Isbir); because it indicates suffering; the meaning is: be steadfast, even if it is hard for you, and remain steadfast like a companion to his companion in fighting.
وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying:﴿لِعِبَادَتِهِto worship Him;؛قِيلَ:it was said:إِنَّIndeed,الْلَّامَthe 'Lam'بِمَعْنَىmeans(عَلَى)؛(on);أَيْ:that is:اصْطَبِرْ عَلَيْهَا؛be steadfast on it;كَماasقَالَsaidتَعَالَى:the Almighty:﴿وَأْمُرْAnd commandأَهْلَكَyour familyبِالصَّلَاةِto prayer;وَأَصْطَبِرْand be steadfast with itعَلَيْهَاwith it;[طه: ١٣٢].[Taha: 132].
And His saying: ﴿to worship Him; it was said: indeed, the 'Lam' means (on); that is: be steadfast on it; as said the Almighty: ﴿And command your family to prayer; and be steadfast with it [Taha: 132].
وَقِيلَ:And it was said:بَلْratherالْلَّامَthe 'Lam'عَلَىis forأَصْلُهَاits origin؛أَيْ:that is:اصْطَبِرْ لَهَا؛be steadfast for it;أَيْ:that is:كُنْbeمُقَابِلًاfacingلَهَاto it;بِالصَّبْرِ؛with patience;كَماasيُقَابَلُis facedالْقَرِينُthe companionقَرِينِهِhis companionفِيinمَيْدَانِthe fieldالْقِتَالِ.of fighting.
And it was said: rather, the 'Lam' is for its origin; that is: be steadfast for it; that is: be facing it with patience; as the companion is faced by his companion in the field of fighting.
وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying:﴿هَلْDoتَعْلَمُyou knowلَهُمُfor themسَمِيًّاa match;:الِاسْتِفْهَامُthe questionلِلنَّفْيِ،for negation;وَإِذَاand ifكَانَit wasالِاسْتِفْهَامُthe questionبِمَعْنَىmeansالنَّفْيِ؛negation;كَانَwasمَشْرَبًاa sourceمَعْنًى؛of meaning;التَّحَدِّي؛challenge;يَعْنِي:it means:إِنْIfكُنتَyou areصَادِقًا؛truthful;فَأَخْبِرْنَاthen inform us:هَلْDoتَعْلَمُyou knowلَهُfor Him;سَمِيًّا؟a match?
And His saying: ﴿Do you know for them a match? The question is for negation; and if the question means negation, it was a source of challenge; it means: If you are truthful; then inform us: Do you know for Him a match?
وَand(السَّمِي):(the match):الشَّبِيهُthe similar;وَالنَّظِيرُ.and the counterpart.
And (the match): the similar and the counterpart.
يَعْنِيIt implies:هَلْdoتَعْلَمُyou knowلَهُfor him;مُسَانِيًاa match or counterpart?أَوْorنَظِيرًاa counter?:
It implies: do you know for him a match or counterpart?
وَالْجَوَابُAnd the answer:لَا.is no.
And the answer is no.
فَإِذَاSo ifكَانَit isكَذَٰلِكَ؛that way;فَالْوَاجِبُthen the dutyأَنْis toتَعْبُدَهُworship Himوَحْدَهُ.alone.
So if it is that way; then the duty is to worship Him alone.
وَفِيْهَاAnd in itمِنْofالصِّفَاتِattributes:قَوْلُهُ:His saying:هَلْDoتَعْلَمُyou knowلَهُfor him;سَمِيًّا،a match;وَهِيَand itمِنْofالصِّفَاتِattributes.
And in it, of the attributes: His saying: Do you know for him a match; and it is one of the attributes.
فَمَاThen whatالَّذِيis that whichتَتَضَمَّنُهُit includesمِنْofصِفَاتِattributes;الكَمَالِthe perfectionلَأَنَّنَاbecause weذَكَرْنَاmentionedفِيْمَاin whatسَبَقَhas been mentionedأَنْthatالصِّفَاتُattributesالسَّلْبِيَّةُare negative;لَاdo notبِدَّ أَنْmust includeتَتَضَمَّنُincludeثُبُوتًا؛confirmation;فَمَاthen whatهُوَisالثُّبُوتُthe affirmationالَّذِيthatتَضَمَّنَهُit includes;النَّفْيُthe negation
Then what is that which it includes of the attributes of perfection, because we mentioned that negative attributes do not have to include affirmation; then what is the affirmation that the negation includes?