وقدand (it) mayيكونbeالعفوthe pardonسبباًa causeللانتهاءfor endingعنfromالعدوان؛the aggression;بحيثso thatيخجل(he) feels ashamedويقول:and says:هذاthisالذيthatعفاpardonedعنّيmeلاnotيمكنcanأنtoأعتديattackعليهhimمرةagainأخرى،another,ولاand notعلىonأحدanyoneغيرهelseفيخجلso he feels ashamedأنtoيكونbeهوheمنamongالمعتدين،the aggressors,وهذاand thisالرجلmanمنofالعافين؛the pardoners;فالعفوso the pardonهناhereمحمودis commendableومطلوب،and required,وقدand mayيكونbeواجباً.an obligation.
And the pardon may be a cause for ending the aggression; so that he feels ashamed and says: This one who pardoned me cannot be attacked again, nor can anyone else; he feels ashamed to be among the aggressors, and this man is among those who pardon; so the pardon here is commendable and required, and it may even be obligatory.
وقدand mayيكونbeالعفوthe pardonلاnotيؤثرaffectلاnorازدياداًan increaseولاnorنقصاً؛a decrease;فهوfor it isأفضل ؛better;لقولهbecause of His sayingتعالىthe Most High:﴿(وَأَنand thatتَعْفُواyou pardonأَقْرَبُis closerلِلتَّقْوَىto piety [al-Baqarah: 237].وهناAnd hereيقول(He) says:﴿(أَوOrتَعْفُواyou pardonعَنْfromسُوءٍevil;فَإِنَّfor indeedاللَّهَAllahكَانَwasعَفُواًall-pardoning;قَدِيرًا؛the All-Powerful;يعنيit means:إذاifعفوتمyou pardonعنfromالسُّوء؛the evil;
And the pardon may not affect either an increase or a decrease; for it is better; because of His saying: ﴿And that you pardon is closer to piety [al-Baqarah: 237]. And here He says: ﴿Or you pardon the evil, for indeed Allah is All-Pardoning, the All-Powerful; it means: If you pardon the evil, Allah will pardon you.
ويؤخذAnd it is derivedهذاthisالحكمrulingمنfromالجوابthe answer:﴿(فَإِنَّfor indeedاللَّهَAllahكَانَwasعَفُواAll-Pardoningقَدِيرًا؛the All-Powerful;يعني:it means:فيعفوHe forgivesعنكمyouمعwithقدرتهHis powerعلىtoالانتقامrevengeمنكمfrom youوجمعAnd He combinesاللهAllahتعالىthe Most Highهناhereبينbetweenالعفوthe pardonوالقدير؛and the Powerful;لأنbecauseكمالthe perfectionالعفوof pardonأنthatيكونbeعنfromقدرةpower;أماAs forالعفوthe pardonالذيwhichيكونbeعنfromعجز؛incapacity;
And this ruling is derived from the answer: ﴿For indeed, Allah is All-Pardoning, the All-Powerful; it means: He forgives you with His power to take revenge from you. And Allah combines here between the pardon and the Powerful; because the perfection of pardon is that it be from power; while the pardon which comes from incapacity is not praised for its doer; because he is incapable of seeking revenge.
وأماAnd as forالعفوthe pardonالذيwhichلاnotيكونisمعwithقدرة؛power;فقدit mayيُمدح،be praised,لكنهbut itليسis notعفواًa pardonكاملاً،complete,بلbutالعفوthe pardonالكاملthe completeماwhatكانwasعنfromقدرة.power.
As for the pardon which is not with power; it may be praised, but it is not a complete pardon, but the complete pardon is what was from power.
ولهذاAnd for thisجمعAllah combinesاللهAllahتعالىthe Most Highبينbetweenهذينthese twoالاسمينnames(العفو)(the pardon)و(القدير):and (the All-Powerful):فالعفو:So the pardon:هوisالمتجاوزthe one who forgivesعنfromسيئات،the sins,عباده،of His servants.والغالبAnd it is commonأنthatالعفوthe pardonيكونisعنfromتركleavingالواجباتthe obligationsوالمغفرةand the forgivenessعنfromفعلthe actionالمحرمات.of the prohibitions.
And for this reason, Allah combines between these two names (the pardon) and (the All-Powerful): the pardon is the one who forgives the sins of His servants, and it is common that the pardon is from leaving the obligations and forgiving the actions of the prohibitions.
والقديرAnd the All-Powerful:ذوis the one who hasالقدرةthe powerوهيand it isصفةa traitيتمكنallowsبهاwith it;الفاعلthe doerمنtoالفعلthe actionبدونwithoutعجز.incapacity.
And the All-Powerful is the one who has the power, and it is a trait that allows the doer to perform the action without incapacity.