فَإِذاAnd ifقَالَsaidقَائِلٌsomeone:مَاwhatتَقُولُونَdo you sayفِيaboutقَوْلِهِHis sayingتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿[فَعَسَىThen perhapsاللَّهُAllahأَنْtoيَأْتِيَcomeبِالْفَتْحِwith the victoryأَوْorأَمْرٍa matterمِّنْfromعِندِهِHim﴾][المَائِدَةِ:[Al-Ma'idah:٥٢52]
And if someone says: What do you say about the saying of Allah Almighty: "Then perhaps Allah will bring about the victory or a matter from Him" [Al-Ma'idah: 52]?
فَالجَوَابُThe answer:أَنَّis thatالْمُرَادَthe intended meaningبِذَلِكَby thatإِتْيَانَcomingالْفَتْحِthe victoryأَوْorالأَمْرُthe matter,لَكِنَّbutأَضَافَHe attributedاللَّهُAllahالإِيْتَانَthe comingبِهِto itإِلَىtoنَفْسِهِ؛Himself;لِأَنَّهُbecause itمِنْis fromعِندِهِ؛Him;وَهَذَاand thisأُسْلُوبٌis a styleمَعْرُوفٌknownفِيinاللُّغَةِthe languageالْعَرَبِيَّةِ.Arabic.
The answer is that the intended meaning is the coming of victory or the matter, but Allah attributed the coming to Himself; because it is from Him; and this is a known style in the Arabic language.
فَالْإِتْيَانُSo the comingإِذاifقُيِّدَrestrictedبِحَرْفٍby a letterجَرٍّof obligationمَثَلًا؛for example;فَالْمُرَادُthen the intended meaningبِهِby itذَلِكَthatالْمَجْرُورُ،the constrained,وَإِذَاand ifأُطْلِقَit is releasedوَأُضِيفَand addedإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllahبِدُونِwithoutقَيْدٍ؛restriction;فَالْمُرَادُthen the intended meaningبِهِis by itإِتْيَانٌcomingاللَّهِof Allahحَقيقةٌtruly.
So the coming, if restricted by a preposition for example; then the intended meaning is that constrained, and if it is released and attributed to Allah without restriction; then the intended meaning is the coming of Allah truly.
الْآدَابُThe ethicsالْمَسْلَكِيَّةُof behaviorالْمُسْتَفَادَةُderivedمِنْfromالإِيمَانِfaithبِصِفَةِwith the attributeالْمَجِيءِof comingوَالإِتْيَانِand of comingلِلَّهِto Allahتَعَالَىthe Most High:
The ethics derived from the faith in the attribute of the coming and the coming of Allah, the Most High:
الثَّمَرَةُthe fruitهِيَisالْخَوْفُthe fearمِنْofهَذَاthisالْمَقَامُstationوَهَذَاand thisالْمَشْهَدُsceneالْعَظِيمُgreatالَّذِيwhichيَأْتِيcomesفِيهِin itالرَّبُّthe Lordعَزَّthe Exaltedوَجَلَّand Majestic;لِلْفَصْلِfor the judgmentبَيْنَbetweenعِبَادِهِHis servants;وَتَنَزَّلُand descendsالْمَلَائِكَةُ،the angels,وَلَاand noيَبْقَىremainأَمَامَكَbefore youإِلَّاexceptالرَّبُّthe Lordعَزَّthe Exaltedوَجَلَّand Majestic;وَالْمَخْلُوقَاتُand the creatures;كُلُّهَا؛all;فَإِنْifعَمَلْتَyou didخَيْرًا؛good;جُوزِيتَyou will be rewardedبِهِ،for that,وَإِنْand ifعَمَلْتَyou didسِوَىother thanذَلِكَ؛that;فَإِنَّكَthen youسَتُجْزَىwill be recompensedبِهِ؛for it;كَمَاasقَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetعَلَيْهِupon himالصَّلَاةُthe prayerوَالسَّلاَمُ:and peace:إِنَّIndeedالْإِنْسَانَa humanيَخْلُوis aloneبَهِwith HimاللَّهُAllahعَزَّthe Exalted,وَجَلَّ،and Majestic,فَيَنْظُرُand he looksأَيْمَنَto his right;مِنْهُ؛from him;فَلَاso he does notيَرَىseeإِلَّاexceptمَاwhatقَدَّمَ،he has sent forth,وَيَنْظُرُand he looksأَشْمَلَto his left;مِنْهُ؛from him;فَلَاso he does notيَرَىseeإِلَّاexceptمَاwhatقَدَّمَ،he has sent forth,وَيَنْظُرُand he looksتَلَقَاءَagainstوَجْهِهِ؛his face;فَلَاthen he does notيَرَىseeإِلَّاexceptالنَّارَthe fireتَلَقَاءَagainstوَجْهِهِ؛his face;فَاتَّقُواSo beware ofالنَّارَ،the fire,وَلَوْeven ifبِشَفَةٍwith halfتَمْرَةٍ(۱).a date (1).
The fruit is the fear of this station and this great scene which comes when the Lord, the Exalted and Majestic, comes to separate between His servants and the angels descend, and nothing remains in front of you except the Lord, the Exalted and Majestic, and all creatures; if you did good, you will be rewarded for that, and if you did other than that; then you will be recompensed for it; as the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Indeed, the human is alone with Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, and he looks to his right; then he does not see except what he has sent forth, and he looks to his left; then he does not see except what he has sent forth, and he looks against his face; then he does not see except the fire against his face; so beware of the fire, even if with half a date (1).
فَالْإِيمَانُSo the faithبِمَثَلِin such thingsهَذِهِtheseالْأَشْيَاءِthingsالْعَظِيمَةِgreatلَاnoشَكٌّdoubtأَنَّهُthat itيُوَلِّدُbrings forthلِلْإِنْسَانِfor a humanالْخَوْفَthe fear(١)(1)
So the faith in such great things undoubtedly brings forth for a human the fear (1).
(١)(1)رَوَاهُNarrated byالْبُخَارِيُّAl-Bukhari,(٦٥٣٩)(6539))،وَandمُسْلِمٌMuslim(١٠١٦)(1016)؛وَانْظُرْand seeبِدَايَةَThe beginningالْجُزْءِof the partالثَّانِي.the second.
(1) Narrated by Al-Bukhari, (6539), and Muslim (1016); and see the beginning of the second part.