مِنْfromعَذَابِpunishmentاللَّهِGodبِفِعْلِby performingأَوَامِرِهِHis commandsوَاجْتِنَابِand avoidingنَوَاهِيهِHis prohibitionsهَذَاthisمِنْis one ofأَحْسَنِthe bestوَأَجْمَعِand most comprehensiveمَاwhatيُقَالُis saidفِيinتَعْرِيفِdefiningالتَّقْوَىpiety
This is one of the best and most comprehensive definitions of piety from the punishment of God by performing His commands and avoiding His prohibitions.
وَفِيAnd inالْآيَةِthe verse.
And in the verse.
مِنْfromالْأَسْمَاءِthe namesوَالصِّفَاتِand attributesكَالَّتِيlike thoseقَبْلَهَاbefore it
Like those before it, from the names and attributes.
الْآيَةُThe verseالرَّابِعَةُthe fourth:قَوْلُهُHis saying﴿إِنَّIndeedاللَّهَGodيُحِبُّlovesالتَّوَّابِينَthe repentant﴾[الْبَقَرَةِAl-Baqarah:٢٢٢222].
The fourth verse: His saying, "Indeed, God loves the repentant." [Al-Baqarah: 222]
التَّوَابُThe Oft-Repenting::صِيغَةٌFormمُبَالَغَةٌof intensityمِنَofالتَّوْبَةِthe repentanceوَهُوَand it isكَثِيرٌmuchالرُّجُوعِreturningإِلَىtoاللَّهِGod,وَالتَّوْبَةُand repentanceهِيَisالرُّجُوعُthe returnإِلَىtoاللَّهِGodمِنْfromمَعْصِيَتِهِHis disobedienceإِلَىtoطَاعَتِهِHis obedience
The Oft-Repenting: It is an exaggerated form of repentance and it means one who frequently returns to God, and repentance is the return to God from His disobedience to His obedience.
وَشُرُوطُهَاAnd its conditionsخَمْسَةٌare five:
And its conditions are five:
الأَوَّلُThe first:الإِخْلَاصُsincerityلِلَّهِto GodتَعَالَىExalted؛بِأَنْthatيَكُونَit must beالْحَامِلُwhat carriesلَهُfor himعَلَىtoالتَّوْبَةِthe repentanceمَخَافَةًout of fearاللَّهِof Godوَرَجَاءًand hopeثَوَابِهِof His reward
The first: sincerity to God, that what carries him to repentance is out of fear of God and hope for His reward.
الثَّانِيThe second:النَّدَمُremorseعَلَىonمَاwhatفَعَلَhe has doneمِنَofالذَّنْبِthe sinوَعَلَامَةٌand a signذَٰلِكَof thatأَنْis thatيَتَمَنَّىhe wishesأَنَّهُthat heلَمْdid notيَقَعْoccurمِنْهُfrom him.
The second: remorse for what he has done of the sin, and a sign of that is that he wishes that he had not occurred from him.
الثَّالِثThe third:الإِقْلاَعُabstainingعَنْfromالذَّنْبِthe sin؛بِتَرْكِهِby leaving itإِنْifكَانَit wasمُحَرَّمًاprohibited,أَوْorتَدَارَكَهُmake up for itإِنْifكَانَit wasوَاجِبًاobligatoryيُمْكِنُcanتَدَارَكَهُmake up for it
The third: abstaining from sin; by leaving it if it was prohibited, or making up for it if it was obligatory and can be made up.
الرَّابِعُThe fourth:الْعَزْمُdeterminationعَلَىtoأَنْthatلَاnotيَعُودَreturnsإِلَيْهِto it
The fourth: determination not to return to it.
الْخَامِسُThe fifth:أَنْthatتَكُونَit must beفِيinوَقْتٍtimeتُقْبَلُacceptsفِيهِin itالتَّوْبَةُthe repentance,وَهُوَand it isمَاwhatكَانَwasقَبْلَbeforeحُضُورِthe presenceالْمَوْتِdeathوَطُلُوعِand the risingالشَّمْسِthe sunمِنْfromمَغْرِبِهَاits horizon؛فَإِنْand ifكَانَتْit wasبَعْدَafterحُضُورِthe presenceالْمَوْتِdeathأَوْorبَعْدَafterطُلُوعِthe risingالشَّمْسِthe sunمِنْfromمَغْرِبِهَاits horizon
The fifth: that it must be at a time when repentance is accepted, which is before the presence of death and the rising of the sun from its horizon; for if it is after the presence of death or after the rising of the sun from its horizon, it will not be accepted.
فَالتَّوَّابُSo the Oft-Repenting:isكَثِيرٌmuchالتَّوْبَةُthe repentanceوَمَعْلُومٌand it is known
So the Oft-Repenting: is much repentance, and it is known
أَنْthat
that
كُثْرَةُthe abundanceالتَّوْبَةُthe repentanceتَسْتَلْزِمُrequiresكُثْرَةُthe abundanceالذَّنْبِthe sin
The abundance of repentance requires the abundance of sin.
وَمِنْAnd fromهُنَاhereنَفْهَمُwe understandبِأَنَّthat
From here, we understand that