وَلَوْAnd ifنُعْطَىwe are givenالْخِيارَthe choiceلَمَاwe would notافْتَرَقْنَاhave separatedوَلَكِنْbutلاthere is noخِيارَchoiceمَعَwithاللَّيَالِيthe nights
And if we were given the choice, we would not have separated, but there is no choice with the nights.
خِلَافٌContrary toالْأَفْصَحِ،the most eloquent,وَالْأَفْصَحُand the most eloquent isلَوْifنُعْطَىwe are givenالْخِيَارَ؛the choice;مَاwe would notافْتَرَقْنَا.separated.
Contrary to the most eloquent, the most eloquent is: if we are given the choice; we would not have separated.
قَوْلُهُ:His saying:﴿[وَلَوْAnd ifشَاءَwilledاللّهُAllahمَاnotاقْتَتَلُواthey would have fought::الضَّمِيرُThe pronounيَعُودُreturnsعَلَىtoالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believers;وَالكَافِرِينَ؛and the disbelievers;لَقَوْلِهِfor His sayingتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿[وَلَكِنَّbut theyاخْتَلَفُواdifferedفَمِنْهُمْSo among themمَّنْis one whoءَامَنَbelievedوَمِنْهُمْand among themمَنis one whoكَفَرٍdisbelievedوَلَوْAnd ifشَاءَHe willedاللَّهُAllahمَاnotأَقْتَتَلُواthey would have fought[البقرة : ٢٥٣][Al-Baqarah: 253]
His saying: 'And if Allah had willed, they would not have fought': the pronoun refers to the believers and the disbelievers; for His saying, the Most High: 'But they differed; so among them is one who believed and among them is one who disbelieved; and if Allah had willed, they would not have fought.' [Al-Baqarah: 253]
وَفِيAnd in thisهَذَاthere isرَدٌّa clear refutationوَاضِحٌclearعَلَىagainstالْقَدَرِيَّةِthe Qadariyaالَّذِينَwho denyيُنْكِرُونَthe actions ofتَعَلُّقَdependenceفِعْلَthe actions ofالْعَبْدِthe servantبِمَشِيئَةِby the will ofاللَّـهِ؛Allah;لِأَنَّbecauseاللَّـهَAllahقَالَsaid:﴿[وَلَوْAnd ifشَاءَHe willedاللَّهُAllahمَاnotأَقْتَتَلُواthey would have fought;يَعْنِي:meaning:وَلَكُنَّهُbut Heشَاءَwilledأَنْthatيَقْتَتِلُواthey fought,فَقَاتَلُواand they fought.ثُمَّThenقَالَ:He said:﴿[وَلَكِنَّbut Allahاللَّهَdoes what He wills;يَفْعَلُHe doesمَاwhatيُرِيدُHe wills;أَيْThat is,يَفْعَلُHe doesالَّذِيwhichيُرِيدُHe wants;وَالْإِرَادَةُand the willهُنَاhereإِرَادَةٌis a cosmic will.
And in this, there is a clear refutation against the Qadariya who deny the dependence of the actions of the servant on the will of Allah; because Allah said: 'And if Allah had willed, they would not have fought;' meaning: but He willed that they fought, and they fought. Then He said: 'But Allah does what He wills;' that is, He does what He wants; and the will here is a cosmic will.
وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying:﴿[يَفْعَلُHe doesمَاwhatيُرِيدُHe wills:الْفِعْلُThe actionبِاعْتِبَارِin terms ofمَاwhatيَفْعَلُهُHe doesسُبْحَانَهُexalted is Heوَتَعَالَىand most high.فِعْلٌAn actionمُبَاشِرٌ.is direct.وَبِاعْتِبَارِAnd in terms ofمَاwhatيُقَدِّرُهُHe decreesعَلَىonالْعِبَادِthe servants.فِعْلٌAn actionغَيْرُis notمُبَاشِر؛direct;لِأَنَّهُbecauseمِنَit is knownالْمَعْلُومَthatأَنَّthe humanالإِنْسَانَthe humanإِذَاwhenصَامَhe fastsوَصَلَّىand praysوَزَكَّىand gives almsوَحَجَّand performs pilgrimageوَجَاهَدَ؛and struggles;فَالْفَاعِلُthe doerالْإِنْسَانُis the humanبِلَاwithoutشَكٍّ،a doubt,وَمَعْلُومٌand it is knownأَنَّthatفَعْلَهُhis actionهَذَاis due to
And His saying: 'He does what He wills': The action in terms of what He does, exalted is He, is direct. And in terms of what He decrees upon the servants, the action is not direct; because it is known that when the human fasts, prays, gives alms, performs pilgrimage, and struggles; the doer is the human without a doubt, and it is known that his action is due to the will of Allah.
وَلَاAnd it is notيَصِحُّcorrectأَنَّthatيُنْسَبَis attributedفِعْلُthe actionالْعَبْدِof the servantإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllahعَلَىbyسَبِيلِas a direct way;لِأَنَّbecauseالْمُبَاشِرَةَthe directلِلْعَمَلِfor the actionالْإِنْسَانِ؛is the human;وَلَكِنَّbutيَصِحُّit is validأَنْthatيُنْسَبَis attributedإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllahعَلَىbyسَبِيلِas a way ofالتَّقْدِيرِdecreeوَالْخَلْقِ.and creation.
And it is not correct that the actions of the servant are attributed to Allah as a direct way; because the direct for the action is the human; but it is valid that it is attributed to Allah through decree and creation.
أَمَّاAs forمَاwhatيَفْعَلُهُHe doesاللَّهُAllahبِنَفْسِهِ؛by Himself;كَاسْتَوَائِهِlike His ascendanceعَلَىtoعَرْشِهِ،His throne,وَكَلَامِهِand His speechوَنُزُولِهِand His descentإِلَىtoالسَّمَاءِthe heavenالدُّنْيَاthe lowerوَضِحْكِهِand His laughter...وَمَاAnd whatأَشْبَهَresemblesذَٰلِكَ؛that;فَهَذَاthis isيُنْسَبُis attributedإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllahتَعَالَىthe Most Highفِعْلًاas an actionمُبَاشَرَةً.directly.
As for what Allah does by Himself; like His ascendance to His throne, His speech, and His descent to the lower heaven, and His laughter: this is attributed directly to Allah, the Most High, as an action.