مَأْخُوذَةٌtakenمِنْfromالْقِيَامِthe existence
Taken from existence.
وَمَعْنَىAnd the meaning ofالْقَيُّومُthe Sustainer
And the meaning of the Sustainer:
أَيْ:meaning:أَنَّهُthat Heالْقَائِمُis the standingبِنَفْسِهِ؛by Himself;فَقِيَامُهُHis standingبِنَفْسِهِby HimselfيَسْتَلْزِمُimpliesاسْتِغْنَاءَهُHis independenceعَنْfromكُلِّeverythingشَيْءٍ،thing,لَاnotيَحْتَاجُneedsإِلَىtoأَكْلٍfoodوَلَاand notشَرَابٍdrinkوَلَاand notغَيْرِهَا،others,وَغَيْرُهُand othersلاdo notيَقُومُstandبِنَفْسِهِ،by himself,بَلْbutهُوَhe isمُحْتَاجٌin needإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllahعَزَّ وَجَلَّthe Exalted and Majesticفِيinإِيجَادِهِcreating himوَإِعَدَّادِهِand preparing himوَإِمْدَادِهِ.and sustaining him.
Meaning: that He is standing by Himself; His standing by Himself implies His independence from everything, He does not need food, drink, or others, and others do not stand by themselves, but they are in need of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, in their creation, preparation, and sustenance.
وَمِنْAnd fromمَعْنَىthe meaning ofالْقَيُّومِthe Sustainer,كَذَلِكَlikewiseأَنَّهُis that itقَائِمٌis standingعَلَىuponغَيْرِهِ؛others;لَقَوْلِهِdue to His sayingتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿(أَفَمَنْIs he whoهُوَhe isقَادِرٌthe Capableعَلَىuponكُلِّeveryنَفْسٍsoulبِمَاby whatكَسَبَتْ؟she has earned?
And likewise, the meaning of the Sustainer is that He is standing upon others; due to His saying: (Is he who is capable upon every soul by what it has earned?)
وَالْمُقَابِلُAnd the oppositeمَحْذُوفٌis omittedتَقْدِيرُهُits implied meaning isكَمَنْlike one whoلَيْسَis notكَذَلِكَ،likewise,وَالْقَائِمُand the one standingعَلَىuponكُلِّeveryنَفْسٍsoulبِمَاwith whatكَسَبَتْ،she has earned,هُوَisاللَّهُAllahعَزَّ وَجَلَّthe Exalted and MajesticوَلِهَذَاAnd thereforeيُقَالُit is saidالْعُلَمَاءُ:by the scholars:الْقَيُّومُthe Sustainerهُوَisالْقَائِمُthe standingبِنَفْسِهِ،by Himself,الْقَائِمُthe one standingعَلَىuponغَيْرِهِ،others;وَإِذَاAnd ifكَانَHe isقَائِمًاstandingعَلَىuponغَيْرِهِ؛others;لَزِمَit followsأَنْthatيَكُونَthere beغَيْرُهُothersقَائِمًاstandingبِهِ؛by Him;قَالَHe saidاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿(وَمِنْAnd fromءَايَاتِهِHis signsأَنَّthatتَقُومَstandingالسَّمَاءُthe skyوَالْأَرْضُand the earthبِأَمْرِ)by decree)[الرُّومِ: ٢٥]؛[Ar-Rum: 25];فَهُوَSo He isإِذًاthusكَامِلٌperfectالْصِّفَاتُattributesوَكَامِلٌand perfectالْمُلْكُthe dominionوَالْأَفْعَالُ.and actions.
And the opposite is omitted with the meaning that it is like one who is not so, and the one standing upon every soul by what it has earned is Allah, the Exalted, and therefore the scholars say: The Sustainer is the one who stands by Himself and upon others, and if He is standing upon others; it must follow that others are standing by Him; Allah, the Exalted said: (And from His signs is that the heaven and the earth stand by His decree) [Ar-Rum: 25]; so He is thus perfect in attributes and complete in dominion and actions.
وَهَذَانِAnd these twoالِاسْمَانِnamesهُمَاareالِاسْمُthe nameالْأَعْظَمُthe GreatestالَّذِيwhichإِذَاifدُعِيَcalledاللَّهُAllahبِهِby Himأَجَابَ،He responds,وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonيَنْبَغِيit is appropriateلِلْإِنْسَانِfor a personفِيinدُعَائِهِhis supplicationأَنْtoيَتَوَسَّلَinvokeبِهِ؛with it;فَيَقُولُ:saying:يَاOحَيُّLivingيَاOقَيُّومُ!(۱)Sustainer!(1)
And these two names are the Greatest Name, which if Allah is called by it, He responds, and for this reason, it is appropriate for a person in his supplication to invoke it; saying: O Living, O Sustainer!(1)
وَقَدْAnd indeedذُكِرَتْmentionedفِيinالْكِتَابِthe Bookالْعَزِيزِthe Majesticفِيinثَلَاثَةٍthreeمَوَاضِعَ:places:هَذَاThis isأَحَدُهَا،one of them,وَالْثَّانِيand the secondفِيinسُورَةِthe Surahآلِ عِمْرَانَ:Al-Imran:﴿(اللَّهُAllahلَاnoإِلَٰهَgodإِلَّاexceptهُوَHeالْحَيُّthe Livingالْقَيُّومُthe Sustainer;[آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ٢][Al-Imran: 2]وَالْثَّالِثAnd the thirdفِيinسُورَةِthe Surahطَاهَا:Taha:﴿(وَعَنَتِand humbledالْوُجُوهُthe facesلِلْحَيِّto the Living(۱)(1)لَمَّاasرَوَاهُreportedالْحَاكِمُAl-Hakimوَصَحَّحَهُand authenticated(٥۰۹/۱)(509/1)عَنْfromابْنِIbnمَسْعُودٍMas'udوَابْنِand IbnالسُّنِّيِّAs-Sunniفِيinعَمَلِthe deedاليَوْمِof the dayوَاللَّيْلَةِ»and night»(۳۳۷)،(337),عَنْfromأَنَسٍAnasبْنِibnمَالِكٍMalik;قَالَsaidكَانَwasرَسُولُthe Messengerاللَّهِ ﷺof Allah ﷺإِذَاifكَرَبَهُhe was in distressأَمْرٌmatterقَالَ:he said:«يَاOحَيُّLivingيَاOقَيُّومُSustainer,بِرَحْمَتِكَby Your mercy,أَسْتَغِيثُ،I seek help,وَرَوَاهُand it was narratedالتِّرْمِذِيُّAt-Tirmidhi(٣٤٣٦)(3436)بِنَحْوِهِ.in a similar wording.
And these two have been mentioned in the Majestic Book in three places: this is one of them, the second in Surah Al-Imran: (Allah! There is no deity but Him, the Living, the Sustainer) [Al-Imran: 2], and the third in Surah Taha: (And humbled are the faces to the Living (1)), as reported by Al-Hakim and authenticated (509/1) from Ibn Mas'ud and Ibn As-Sunni in the deed of day and night” (337), from Anas ibn Malik who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was distressed by a matter, he said: “O Living, O Sustainer, by Your mercy I seek help,” and it was narrated by At-Tirmidhi (3436) in a similar wording.