وَأصْلُهَاAnd its originالنَّاسُthe peopleوَكَمَاAnd asفِيinهَذَاthisخَيْرٌbetterمِنْthanهَذَاthisوَأصْلُهُAnd its rootأَخِيرٌbetterمِنْthanهَذَاthisلَكِنَّButلِكَثْرَةِdue to the abundanceالاِسْتِعْمَالِof usageحُذِفَتْwas omittedالْهَمْزَةُthe glottal stop؛;فَاللهُSo Allahعَزَّ وَجَلَّthe ExaltedهُوَHe isأَحَدُكُمْone of youهُوَHe isأَحَدٌOneلَاnotتَأْتِيcomesإِلَّاexceptفِيinالنَّفْيِthe negationغَالِبًاoften،,أَوْorفِيinالإثْبَاتِthe affirmationفِيinأَيَّامِthe daysالأُسْبُوعِ؛of the week;يُقَالُit is saidالأَحَدُ،the first,الِاثْنَيْنَ...the second...لَكِنَّButتَأْتِيit comesفِيinالإثْبَاتِthe affirmationمَوْصُوفًاdescribedبِهَاby itالرَّبِّthe Lordعَزَّ وَجَلَّ؛the Exalted;لِأَنَّهُbecause Heسُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىGlory be to Him and Exalted is Heأَحَدٌ؛One;أَي:that is:مُتَوَحِّدٌUniqueفِيمَاin that whichيَخْتَصُّis peculiarبِهِto HimفِيinذَاتِهِHis essenceوَأَسْمَائِهِand His namesوَصِفَاتِهِand His attributesوَأَفْعَالِهِ،and His actions,أَحَدٌOne;لَاnotثَانٍ لَهُ،another to Him,وَلَاand notنَدٌّ لَهُ،counterpart to Him,وَلَاand notنَظِيرٌ لَهُ.equal to Him.قَوْلُهُHis saying(اللَّهُ( Allahالصَّمَدُthe Eternal Refuge:هَذِهِThisجُمْلَةٌsentenceمُسْتَأنَفَةٌ،is new,بَعْدَafterأَنْthatذَكَرَhe mentionedالأَحَدِيَّةَthe onenessذَكَرَhe mentionedالصَّمَدِيَّةَthe Eternal Refuge-nessوَأَتَىand he brought itبِهَاwith itبِجُمْلَةٍby a phraseمَعْرِفَةٍcertainفِيinطَرَفَيْهَا؛its two ends;لِإِفَادَةِto conveyالحَصْرِ؛the exclusivity;أَي:that is:اللَّهُAllahوَحْدَهُaloneالصَّمَدُ.is the Eternal Refuge.فَمَاSo whatمَعْنَىis the meaningالصَّمَدِ؟of the Eternal Refuge?قِيلَIt is saidإنَّthatالصَّمَدُthe Eternal Refugeهُوَisالْكَامِلُ؛the complete;فِيinعِلْمِهِ،His knowledge,فِيinقُدْرَتِهِ،His ability,فِيinحِكْمَتِهِ،His wisdom,فِيinعِزَّتِهِ،His might,فِيinسُؤْدُدِهِ،His supremacy,فِيinكُلِّallصِفَاتِهِ.His attributes.وَقِيلَ:And it is said:الصَّمَدُThe Eternal Refuge: الَّذِيis the oneلَاnotجَوْفَ لَهُ؛having an inside;يَعْنِيmeaningلَاnoأَمْعَاءَintestinesوَلَاnorبَطْنٌ،stomach,وَلِهَذَاand for thisقِيلَ:it is said:الْمَلَائِكَةُthe angelsصَمَدٌ؛are Eternal Refuge;لِأَنَّهُمْbecause theyلَيْسَdo not haveلَهُمْfor themأَجْوَافٌ؛insides;لَاThey do notيَأْكُلُونَeatوَلَاnor doيَشْرَبُونَ.drink.هَذَاThisالمَعْنَىmeaningرُوِيَwas narratedعَنْfromابْنِ عَبَّاسٍIbn Abbasرَضيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُمَا،may Allah be pleased with them,وَلَاand not(١)(1)رَوَاهُnarratedابْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍIbn Abi Aasimفِيinالسُّنَّةِ)the Sunnah)(٦٦٥)(665)بِسَنَدٍwith a chainضَعِيفٌweakعَنْfromابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.Ibn Abbas.وَقَدْAnd it hasصَحَّbeen authentically reportedعَنْfromمُجَاهِدٍ؛Mujahid;الصَّمَدُthe Eternal Refugeالَّذِيthe oneلَاnotجَوْفَ لَهُhaving an insideكَمَاasفِيinالسُّنَّةِ»the Sunnah"لِابْنِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍof Ibn Abi Aasim(٦٧٣)،(673),وَصَحَّحَand authenticatedابْنُ كَثِيرٍIbn Kathirوَقَفَهُhe placed itعَلَىuponعَبْدِ اللَّهِAbdullahابْنِson ofبُرَيْدَةَ.Buraida.
And its origin is: the people, and as it is better than this, and its root is: better than this, but due to the abundance of usage, the glottal stop was omitted; so Allah, the Exalted, is one of you. He is One: it only appears in the negation often, or in affirmation on the days of the week; it is said: Sunday, Monday... but it comes in affirmation when described with it by the Lord, the Exalted; because He is, Glory be to Him, One; i.e., unique in what He specializes in His essence, names, attributes, and actions. One: there is no second to Him, no counterpart to Him, nor equal to Him. His saying: (Allah the Eternal Refuge: this is an independent sentence, after mentioning the oneness, he mentioned the Eternal Refuge-ness and brought it with a definite phrase at both ends; to convey exclusivity; that is: Allah alone is the Eternal Refuge. So what is the meaning of the Eternal Refuge? It is said: that the Eternal Refuge is the complete; in His knowledge, in His power, in His wisdom, in His might, in His supremacy, in all His attributes. And it is said: the Eternal Refuge is the one that has no inside; meaning no intestines or stomach, and for this it is said: angels are Eternal Refuge; because they do not have insides; they do not eat or drink. This meaning was narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, and it was narrated by Ibn Abi Aasim in the Sunnah (665) with a weak chain from Ibn Abbas. It has been authentically reported from Mujahid; the Eternal Refuge, who has no inside, as in the Sunnah of Ibn Abi Aasim (673), and Ibn Kathir authenticated it that it was narrated from Abdullah ibn Buraida.