مَقَالَةٌarticleوَفِيand inفَعَالَةٌits activity
An article about its activity.
وَأَفْضَلُand the bestالصَّدِيقِينَof the friendsعَلَىonالإِطْلاقِthe wholeأَبُوAbuبَكْرٍBakrرَضِيَmay he be pleasedاللَّهُAllahعَنْهُwith him
And the best of friends of all time is Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him.
أَفْضَلُthe bestالأُمَمِof nationsهَذِهِthisالأُمَّةُnationوَأَفْضَلُand the bestهَذِهِthisالأُمَّةُnationبَعْدَafterنَبِيِّهَاits prophetأَبُوAbuبَكْرٍBakrرَضِيَmay he be pleasedاللَّهُAllahعَنْهُwith him
And the best of this nation after its prophet is Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him.
وَالصَّدِيقِيَّةُAnd the pietyمَرْتَبَةٌis a rankتَكُونُthat can beلِلرِّجَالِfor menوَالنِّسَاءِand women
And piety is a rank that can be for men and women.
قَالَHe saidاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىthe Most HighفِيinعِيسَىIsaابْنِthe son ofمَرْيَمَMary﴿(وَأُمُّهُand his motherصِدِّيقَةٌis a pious woman﴾)[المَائِدَةِ:[Al-Ma'idah:٧٥]،75],وَيُقَالُ:And it is said:الصِّدِّيقَةُthe pious womanبِنْتُdaughterالصَّدِيقِof the friendعَائِشَةَAishaرَضِيَmay she be pleasedاللَّهُAllahعَنْهَاwith herوandاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىthe Most HighيَمُنُbestowsعَلَىonمَنwhomيَشَاءُHe willsمِنْofعِبَادِهِHis servants
He said Allah, the Most High about Isa, the son of Mary: ‘And his mother is a pious woman.’ It is said that the pious woman is Aisha, the daughter of the friend, may Allah be pleased with her. And Allah, the Most High, bestows upon whom He wills from His servants.
أَمَّاAs forالشُّهَدَاءُ؛the martyrs;فَقِيلَit is saidهُمْthey areالَّذِينَthose whoقُتِلُواwere killedفِيinسَبِيلِthe wayاللَّهِ؛of Allah;لِقَوْلِهِ:due to His saying:وَلْيَعْلَمَand so that Allah knowsاللَّهُAllahالَّذِينَthe ones whoآمَنُواbelievedوَandيَتَّخِذَHe will takeمِنكُمْfrom youشُهَدَاءَ،the martyrs,وَقِيلَ:and it is said:الْعُلَمَاءُ؛the scholars;لِقَوْلِهِdue to His sayingتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿(شَهِدَand He testifiedاللَّهُAllahأَنَّهُthat Heلَاis notإِلَهَa deityإِلَّاexceptهُوَHimوَandالْمَلَائِكَةُthe angelsوَandأُولُواthose withالْعِلْمِknowledge﴾)[آلِعِمْرَانَ:[Al-Imran:١٨]،18],فَجَعَلَand He madeأَهْلَthe people ofالْعِلْمِknowledgeشُهَدَاءَwitnessesبِمَاof whatشَهِدَtestifiedاللَّهُAllahلِنَفْسِهِ،for Himself,وَلَأَنَّand becauseالْعُلَمَاءُthe scholarsيَشْهَدُونَtestifyلِلرُّسُلِfor the messengersبِالْبَلَاغِof conveying the messageوَعَلَىand onالأُمَّةِthe nationبِالتَّبْلِيغِof conveyingوَلَوْifقَالَhe saidقَائِلٌ؛(a speaker);الْآيَةُthe verseعَامَّةٌis generalلِمَنْfor whomقُتِلُواwere killedفِيinسَبِيلِthe wayاللَّهِAllahتَعَالَىthe Most Highوَلِلْعُلَمَاءِ؛and for the scholars;لِأَنَّbecauseاللَّفْظُthe termصَالِحٌis appropriateلِلْوَجْهَيْنِ،for both sides,وَلَاand notيَتَنَافَيَانِ؛they contradict;فَيَكُونُواand thus beشَامِلًاinclusiveلَمَنْfor those whoقُتِلُواwere killedفِيinسَبِيلِthe wayاللَّهِAllahوَلِلْعُلَمَاءِand for the scholarsالَّذِينَwhoشَهِدُواtestifiedلِلَّهِto Allahبِالْوَحْدَانِيَّةِof the Onenessوَشَهِدُواand testifiedلِلنَّبِيِّto the Prophetﷺpeace be upon himبِالْبَلَاغِfor conveying the messageوَشَهِدُواand testifiedعَلَىagainstالأُمَّةِthe nationبِأَنَّهَاthat it hasبَلَغَتْconveyed.
As for the martyrs; it is said that they are those who were killed in the way of Allah; due to His saying: 'And so that Allah knows those who believed and He will take from you martyrs,' and it is said: scholars; due to His saying, the Most High: 'Allah bears witness that there is no deity but Him, and the angels, and those with knowledge.' So He made the people of knowledge witnesses of what Allah testified for Himself, and because the scholars testify for the messengers of conveying the message and for the nation of conveying the message. If someone says: the verse is general for those who were killed in the way of Allah and for the scholars; because the term is appropriate for both sides, and they do not contradict; and thus it becomes inclusive for those who were killed in the way of Allah and for the scholars who testified to Allah for His Oneness and testified to the Prophet peace be upon him for conveying the message and testified against the nation that it has conveyed.
أَمَّاAs forالصَّالِحُونَ؛the righteous;فَإِنَّهُit includesيَشْمَلُall typesكُلَّof allالْأَنْوَاعِthe typesالثَّلاثَةِthreeالسَّابِقَةِ؛previous;فَالْأَنْبِيَاءُ،the prophets,صَالِحُونَ،are righteous,وَالصِّدِّيقُونَand the friendsصَالِحُونَare righteous;
As for the righteous; it includes all types of the three previous types; the prophets are righteous, and the friends are righteous.
وَالشُّهَدَاءُAnd the martyrsصَالِحُونَ؛are righteous;فَعَطَفَهَاHe mentioned themمِنْfromبَابِthe categoryعَطْفِof inclusionالْعَامِّthe generalعَلَىonالْخَاصِّ.the specific.
And the martyrs are righteous; He mentioned them from the category of the general on the specific.
وَالصَّالِحُونَAnd the righteousهُمْthey areالَّذِينَthose whoقَامُواfulfilledبِحَقِّthe rightاللَّهِof Allahوَحَقٍّand the rightعِبَادِهِ،of His servants,لَكِنَّbutلَاnot١٥٥155
And the righteous are those who fulfilled the right of Allah and the right of His servants, but they are not.