الْكُتُبُthe booksالَّتِيthatفِيهَاin itعَدَّcountأَسْمَاءَnamesاللَّهِAllah؛لِأَنَّbecauseالْانتِقَامَthe vengeanceمَاnotجَاءَcameإِلَّاexceptعَلَىonسَبِيلِthe wayالْوَصْفِthe descriptionأَوْorاسْمِnameالْفَاعِلِthe doerمُقَيَّدًاrestricted؛كَقَوْلِهِlike His saying﴿إِنَّاIndeed, weمِنَofالْمُجْرِمِينَthe criminalsمُنتَقِمُونَvengeful[السَّجْدَةِ: ٢٢][As-Sajda: 22]
The books that contain the count of the names of Allah; because vengeance only came as a description or a restricted name, like His saying: 'Indeed, we are vengeful against the criminals' [As-Sajda: 22].
الطَّرِيقُthe wayالثَّالِثُthe third؛أَنْthatتُؤْخَذَis takenمِنَfromالْفِعْلِthe action؛مِثْلَlikeالْمُتَكَلِّمِthe speaker؛فَنَأْخُذُهَاso we take itمِنَfrom﴿ وَكَلَّمَand He spokeاللَّهُAllahمُوسَىMusaتَكْلِيمًاa speech[النِّسَاءِ: ١٦٤][An-Nisa: 164]
The third way is that it is taken from the action; like the speaker; so we take it from: 'And Allah spoke to Musa with a speech' [An-Nisa: 164].
هَذِهِTheseهِيَareالطُّرُقُthe waysالَّتِيthatتُثْبِتُestablishبِهَاwith itالصِّفَةَthe attributeوَبِنَاءًAnd basedعَلَىonذَٰلِكَthatنَقُولُwe say:الصفاتُthe attributesأَعْمُmore generalمِنَthanالأَسْمَاءِthe names؛لِأَنَّbecauseكُلَّeveryاسْمٍnameمَتَضَمِّنٌimpliesلِصِفَةٍan attribute،وَلَيْسَتْand notكُلُّeveryصِفَةٍattributeمَتَضَمِّنَةٌimpliedلِاسْمٍa name؛وَأَمَّاAnd as forالصفاتُthe attributesالْمَنْفِيَّةُnegatedعَنْfromاللَّهِAllahعَزَّ وَجَلَّThe Exalted؛فَكَثِيرَةٌthere are many،وَلَكِنَّbutالإِثْبَاتَthe affirmationأَكْثَرُis more؛لِأَنَّbecauseصِفَاتَthe attributesالْإِثْبَاتِof affirmationكُلَّهَاallصِفَاتٌattributesكَمَالٌof perfection،وَكُلَّمَاand wheneverتَتَعَدَّدَthey proliferateوَتَتَنَوَّعَand diversified؛ظَهَرَit appearsمِنْfromكَمَالٍperfectionالْمَوْصُوفِthe describedمَاwhatهُوَisأَكْثَرُmore،وَصِفَاتٌand attributesالنَّفْيُof negationقَلِيلَةٌare few،وَلِهَذَاand for thisنَجِدُwe findأَنَّthatصِفَاتَthe attributesالنَّفْيِof negationتَأْتِيcomeكَثِيرًاoftenعَامَّةًgeneral،غَيْرَnotمُخَصَّصَةًspecificبِصِفَةٍwith attributeمُعَيَّنَةٍcertain،وَالْمُخَصَّصُand the specificationبِصِفَةٍwith the attributeمُعَيَّنَةٍcertainلَاnotيَكُونُisإِلَّاexceptلِسَبَبٍfor a reason؛مِثْلَlikeتَكْذِيبٍthe denialالْمُدَّعِينَof the claimsبِأَنْthatاللَّهَAllahاتَّصَفَhas characterizedبِهَذِهِwith thisالصِّفَةِattributeالَّتِيthatنَفَاهَاHe negatedعَنْfromنَفْسِهِHimselfأَوْorدَفَعَto repelتَوَهُّمَthe illusionهَذِهِthisالصِّفَةِthe attributeالَّتِيthatنَفَاهَاHe negated
The first group is general; like His saying: 'There is nothing like Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing' [Al-Shura: 11]; He said: 'There is nothing like Him in His knowledge, His power, His hearing, His seeing, His glory, His wisdom, and His mercy... and other attributes; He did not specify, rather He said: 'There is nothing like Him, this general negation indicates absolute perfection, there is nothing like Him in every perfection.'
١٤٥145
145