فَإنْكَارَDenialشَيءًsomethingمِمَّاof whatدَلَّ عَلَيْهِindicatedالِاسْمُthe nameمِنْofالصِّفَةِthe attributeإِلْحَادٌis irreverenceفِيinالِاسْمِthe nameسَوَاءًwhetherكَانَتْit wasدَلَالَتُهَاits indicationعَلَىonهَذِهِthisالصِّفَةِattributeدَلَالَةٌindicationمُطَابِقَةٌcorrespondenceأَوْorتَضَمُّنٌinclusionأَوْorالتِّزَامٌobligation
Denial of something indicated by the name of the attribute is irreverence in the name, whether its indication of that attribute is a correspondence, inclusion, or obligation.
وَلْنَضْرِبْAnd let's giveمَثَلًاan exampleحَسِّيًّاsensoryتَتَبَيَّنُto clarifyفِيهِin itأَنْوَاعٌtypesهَذِهِtheseالدَّلالَاتِindications
And let's give a sensory example to clarify the types of these indications:
لَوْIfقُلْتُI saidلِيَto meبَيْتٌa house
If I said: I have a house.
فَكَلِمَةٌSo the word(بَيْتٍ)(house)
So the word (house)
فِيهاcontainsالدَّلالَاتِthe indicationsالثَّلاثِ؛three;فَتَفْهَمُand you understandمِنَfrom(بَيْتٍ)(house)
It contains the three indications; and you understand from (house)
أَنَّهَاthat itتَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonكُلِّallالْبَيْتِthe houseدَلَالَةٌindicationمُطَابِقَةٌ.correspondence.
That it indicates all of the house by correspondence.
وَتَدُلُّAnd it indicatesعَلَىonمَجْلِسٍthe gatheringالرِّجَالِof menوَحْدَهُ،alone,وَعَلَىand onالْحَمَّامَاتِthe bathroomsوَحْدَهَاaloneوَعَلَىand onالصَّالةِthe hallوَحْدَهَا؛alone;
And it indicates the gathering of men alone, and the bathrooms alone, and the hall alone;
دَلَالَةٌindicationتَضَمُّنٌ؛inclusion;لِأَنَّbecauseهَذِهِtheseالْأَشْيَاءِthingsجُزْءٌpartمِنَofالْبَيْتِthe houseوَدَلَالَةٌand the indicationاللَّفْظِthe termعَلَىonجُزْءٍpartمَعْنَاهُits meaningدَلَالَةٌindicationتَضَمُّنٌ.inclusion.
An indication of inclusion; because these things are part of the house and the indication of the term on part means inclusion.
وَتَدُلُّAnd it indicatesعَلَىonأَنَّthatهُنَاكَthere isبَانٍa builderبَنَاهُthat built itدَلَالَةٌindicationالتِّزَامِ؛obligation;لِأَنَّهُbecauseمَاthere is notمِنْofبَيْتٍ؛house;إِلَّاexceptوَلَهُand to itبَانٍ.a builder.
And it indicates that there is a builder that built it, by obligation; because there is no house except that it has a builder.
النَّوْعُThe typeالرَّابِعُthe fourthمِنَofأَنْوَاعِtypesالإِلْحَادِof irreverenceفِيinالأَسْمَاءِ:the names:
The fourth type of irreverence in names:
أَنْThatيُثَبِّتُestablishesالأَسْمَاءَthe namesلِلَّهِto Godوَالْصِّفَاتِand the attributesلَكِنَّbutيَجْعَلُهَاmakes themدَالَّةًindicatingعَلَىonالتَّمْثِيلِ؛the analogy;أَيْ:that is:دَالَّةًindicatingعَلَىonبَصَرٍsightكَبَصَرِنا،like our sight,وَعِلْمٍand knowledgeكَعلْمِنا،like our knowledge,وَمَغْفِرَةٍand forgivenessكَمَغْفِرَتِناlike our forgiveness...وَمَاAnd whatأَشْبَهَresemblesذَاكَ؛that;فَهَذَاSo thisإِلْحَادٌ؛is irreverence;لِأَنَّهُbecauseمَيْلٌis a deviationبِهَاof it;عَمَّaway from
That establishes the names for God and the attributes but makes them indicating on the analogy; that is, indicating on sight like our sight, and knowledge like our knowledge, and forgiveness like our forgiveness... And what resembles that; so this is irreverence; because it is a deviation of it from what should be in it; as it is required to affirm them without analogy.
النَّوْعُThe typeالخامسُthe fifthأَنْis thatيُنْقَلُis transferredإلَىtoالْمَعْبُودَاتِ،the deities,أَوْorيُشْتَقُّderivedأَسْمَاءٌnamesمِنْهَاfrom them;مَثَلُsuch asأَنْthatشَيْئًاa thingمَعْبُودًاworshippedبِالإِلَٰهِ؛as a deity;فَهَذَاso thisإِلْحَادٌ،is irreverence,أَوْorيُسَمِّيhe namesيُشْتَقُّderivedمِنْهَاfrom them;أَسْمَاءٌnamesلِلْمَعْبُودَاتِ؛for the deities;مَثَلُ:such as:اللَّاتُal-Latمِنَfromالإِلَٰهِ،the deity,وَالْعُزَّىand al-Uzzaمِنَfromالْعَزِيزِ،the Mighty,وَمَنَاةَand Manatمِنَfromالْمَنَّانِ؛the Bestower;
So we say: this is also irreverence in the names of Allah; because it is obligatory upon you that you make the names of Allah exclusive to Him, and not transcend or exceed to derive names for deities from them.
هَذِهِTheseأَنْوَاعٌtypesالإِلْحَادِof irreverenceفِيinأَسْمَاءِthe namesاللَّهِ.of Allah.
These are the types of irreverence in the names of Allah.
فَأَهْلُSo the peopleالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnahوَالْجَمَاعَةِand the communityلَاdo notيُلْحِدُونَsubvertفِيinأَسْمَاءِthe namesاللَّهِof Allahأَبَدًا،ever,بلbutيُؤَكِّدُونَreaffirm
So the people of the Sunnah and the community do not ever subvert the names of Allah, but they reaffirm them.