بِهِمْwith themالسُّكَّانِ،the inhabitants,
with the inhabitants,
إِنَّهُIndeed, itيُظْهِرُshowsلَهُمْthemفِيinالدُّنْيَاthe worldخِلَافَcontrary toمَاwhatأَبْطَنَhe has concealedفِيinالْآخِرَةِ،the Hereafter,وَقِيلَ:and it is said:هُوَit isتَجْهِيلُهُمْmaking them ignorantحَقِيقَةً(1).in truth.
Indeed, it shows them in the world contrary to what he has concealed in the Hereafter, and it is said: it is making them ignorant in truth.
وَتَخْطِيئَتِهِمْand their errorفِي مَاin whatفَعَلُوهُthey have doneوَهَذَاand thisكُلُّهُallحَقٌّis trueوَهُوَand it isاِسْتِهْزَاءٌ.mockery.
And their error in what they have done is all true and it is mockery.
وَمِنَAnd amongالْأَمْثِلَةِthe examplesالْمَشْهُورَةِfamousلِمَنfor whomيُثَبِّتُaffirmsالْمَجَازَthe metaphorفِيinالْقُرْآنِthe Qur'anوَٱسْتَشِرْand citeالْقَرْيَةَ﴾the village:[يُوْسُفَ:[Joseph:82]82].
And among the famous examples for those who affirm the metaphor in the Qur'an, cite the village: [Joseph: 82].
قَالُواThey saidالْمُرَادَthe intendedبِهِby itأَهْلُهَاits peopleفَحُذِفَand omittedالْمُضَافُthe added nounوَأُقِيمَand establishedالْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِthe noun to which it is addedمَقَامَهُ،in its place.
They said the intended by it is its people, and omitted the added noun and established the noun to which it is added in its place.
فَقِيلَSo it was saidلَهُمْ:to them:لَفْظُThe termالْقَرْيَةُthe villageوَالْمَدِينَةُand the cityوَالنَّهْرُand the riverوَالْمِيزَابُand the gutterوَأَمْثَالُand similarهَذِهِtheseالأُمُورِmattersالَّتِيthatفِيهَاin itالحَالُthe conditionوَالْمَحَلُّand the placeوَكِلَاهُمَاand both of themدَاخِلَانِare includedفِيinالِاسْمِ،the name.
So it was said to them: the term 'the village,' 'the city,' 'the river,' 'the gutter,' and similar matters that have the condition and the place, and both of them are included in the name.
ثُمَّThenقَدit mayيَعُودَreturnالْحُكْمُthe rulingعَلَىonالحَالِthe conditionوَهُوَwhich isوَتَارَةًand at timesعَلَىonالْمَحَلِّthe placeوَهُوَwhich isالْمَكَانُ.the location.
Then the ruling may return on the condition which is and at times on the place which is.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseفِيinالنَّهْرِthe riverيُقَالُ:it is said:حَفَرْتُI dugالنَّهْرَ،the river,وَهُوَwhich isالْمَحَلُّ،the place,وَجَرَىand flowedالنَّهْرُ،the river,وَهُوَwhich isالْمَاءُ،the water,وَوَضَعْتُand I placedالْمِيزَابَthe gutterوَهُوَwhich isالْمَحَلُّ،the place,وَجَرَىand flowedالْمِيزَابُ،the gutter,وَهُوَwhich isالْمَاءُ،the water,وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseالْقَرْيَةُ،the village,قَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿"وَضَرَبَAnd struckاللَّهُAllahمَثَلًاa parableقَرْيَةًof a villageكَانَتْthat wasعَامِنَةًsecureمُطْمَئِنَّةً﴾and tranquil."
And likewise in the river, it is said: "I dug the river," which is the place, and "the river flowed," which is the water, and "I placed the gutter," which is the place, and "the gutter flowed," which is the water. And likewise the village, He said: the Exalted: "And struck Allah a parable of a village that was secure and tranquil.
وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying:﴿وَكَم"And how manyمِّنofقَرْيَةٍthe villageأَهْلَكْنَاهَاwe have destroyedفَجَاءَهَاand came to itبَأْسُنَاOur punishmentبَيْتًاat nightأَوْorهُمْtheyفَمَاso whatكَانَwasدَعْوَاتُهُمْtheir callingإِذْwhenجَاءَتْهُمOur punishment came to themبَأْسُنَاexcept that they saidإِنَّاIndeed, weكُنَّاwereظَالِمِينَ)wrongdoers.
And His saying: "And how many of the villages we have destroyed and came to it our punishment at night or they? So what was their calling when our punishment came to them but that they said: 'Indeed, we were wrongdoers.'
[الأعراف].[Al-A'raf].وَقَالَAnd He saidفِيinآيَةٍanother verseأُخْرَى:another:أَفَأَمِنَIs it secureأَهْلُthe inhabitantsالْقُرَىof the villagesأَنْthatيَأْتِيَهُمOur punishment comes to themبَأْسُنَاOur punishmentبَيْتًاat nightوَهُمْwhile they areنَائِمُونَ﴾sleeping?"
And He said in another verse: "Is it secure the inhabitants of the villages that our punishment comes to them at night while they are sleeping?"
[الأعراف].[Al-A'raf].فَجَعَلَSo He madeالْقُرَىthe villagesهُمْthemالسُّكَّانَ.the inhabitants.
So He made the villages them the inhabitants.
وَقَالَ:And He said:﴿وَكَمْ"And how manyمِّنofقَرْيَةٍthe villageهِيَit isأَشَدُّmore mightyقُوَّةًin strengthمِّنthanقَرْيَتِكَyour villageالَّتِيwhichأَخْرَجَتْكَexpelled youأَهْلَكْتَهُمْdestroyed themفَلَاso noنَاصِرَone to helpلَهُمْ)them."
And He said: "And how many of the villages it is more mighty in strength than your village which expelled you; they have been destroyed, so no one to help them."
[مُحَمَّد].[Muhammad].وَهُمْAnd theyالسُّكَّانُ.the inhabitants.
And they are the inhabitants.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseقَوْلُهُHis sayingتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿وَتِلْكَ"And thoseالْقُرَىthe villagesأَهْلَكْنَاهُمْwe have destroyed themلَمَّاwhenظَلَمُواthey wronged.وَجَعَلْنَاAnd We madeلِمَهْلِكِهِمfor their destructionمَوْعِدًا)a fixed time."
And likewise His saying: "And those villages we have destroyed when they wronged. And We made for their destruction a fixed time."
[الكَهْف].[Al-Kahf].وَقَالَAnd He saidتَعَالَى:the Exalted:أَوْ"Orكَالَّذِيlike the one whoمَرَّpassedعَلَىbyقَرْيَةٍa villageوَهِيَwhile it isخَاوِيَةٌemptyعَلَىonعُرُوشِهَا)its roofs."
And He said the Exalted: "Or like the one who passed by a village while it is empty on its roofs."
[البقرة:[Al-Baqarah:٢٦٩].269].فَهَذَاSo thisالْمَكَانُplaceلَاis notالسُّكَّانُ،the inhabitants,لَكِنَّbutلَاmust notبِدَbe overlookedأَنْthatيُلَحَظَit was notedأَنَّهُthat itكَانَwasمَسْكُونًا،inhabited,فَلَاso it is notيُسَمَّىcalledقَرْيَةًa villageإِلَّاexceptإِذَاifكَانَit wasقَدindeedعُمِرَتْinhabitedلِلسُّكْنَى،for living,مَأْخُوذَةٌtakenمِنَfromالْقُرَىthe gatheringوَهِيَand it isالْجَمْعُ،the collection,مِنْهَاand from itقَوْلُهُمْ:their saying:قَرَيْتُI gatheredالْمَاءَthe waterفِيinالْحَوْضِthe pondإِذَاwhenجَمَعْتُهُ.I collected it.
So this place is not the inhabitants, but it must not be overlooked that it was noted that it was inhabited, so it is not called a village except if it was indeed inhabited for living, taken from the gathering and it is the collection, and from it their saying: 'I gathered the water in the pond when I collected it.'
(1)(1)وَعَلَىAnd onهَامِشِthe marginالنُّسْخَةِof the copyالْهِنْدِيَّةِIndianمَاwhatنَصُّهُ:it states:قَابِلُونَWe are facingوَفِيAnd inبَعْضِsomeالْآثَارِof the tracesأَنَّthatاللَّهَAllahسُبْحَانَهُthe Glorifiedيَأْمُرُcommandsبِنَاسٍwith peopleمِنَofالنَّاسِthe peopleإِلَىtoالْجَنَّةِParadiseحَتَّىuntilإِذَاwhenرَأَوْهَاthey saw itوَشَاهَدُواand witnessedمَاwhatفِيهَاin itمِنَofالْكَرَامَةِthe honorقَالَHe saidاللَّهُAllahلَمَلَائِكَتِهِ:to His angels:اِصْرِفُوهُمْturn them awayعَنْهَاfrom itلَاwith nothingلَهُمْfor themفِيهَا.in it.
(1) And on the margin of the Indian copy, what it states: We are facing and in some of the traces that Allah, the Glorified, commands with people from the people to Paradise until when they saw it and witnessed what is in it of the honor, Allah said to His angels: turn them away from it with nothing for them in it.
قَالُوا:They said:يَاOرَبَّنَاOur Lord,لَوْifأَدْخَلْتَنَاYou had entered usالنَّارَthe HellfireقَبْلَbeforeأَنْthatتُرِينَاYou show usمَاwhatأَرَيْتَنَاYou have shown usكَانَit wasأَهْوَنَeasierفِيinعَذَابِنَا.our torment.
They said: "O our Lord, if you had entered us the Hellfire before you showed us what you have shown us, it would have been easier in our torment."
قَالَAllah said:ذَٰلِكَThatأَرَدْتُI wantedبِكُمْfor youإِذَاwhenلَقِيتُمyou metالنَّاسَthe peopleلَقِيتُمُوهُمْyou met themمُخْبِتِينَhumbleمُتَوَاضِعِينَsubmissiveوَإِذَاand whenخَلَوْتُمْyou secluded yourselvesبَارَزْتُمُونِيyou faced meبِالْعَظَائِمِin great sinsأَجَلَّتُمْyou honoredالنَّاسَthe peopleوَلَمْand notتُجِلُّونِيyou honored meوَعَظَّمْتُمْand you magnifiedالنَّاسَthe peopleوَلَمْand notتُعَظِّمُونِيyou magnified meوَخِفْتُمْand you fearedالنَّاسَthe peopleوَلَمْand notتَخَافُونِيyou feared me.
Allah said: "That I wanted for you when you met the people, you met them humble and submissive; and when you secluded yourselves, you faced me in great sins. You honored the people and did not honor me, and you magnified the people and did not magnify me, and you feared the people and did not fear me.
فَالْيَوْمَSo todayأُذِيقُكُمI shall make you tasteأَلِيمًa painfulعَذَابِيmy punishmentكَمَاjust asحَرَمْتُكُمI have deprived youجَزِيلَof abundantثَوَابِيmy reward.
So today I shall make you taste a painful punishment just as I have deprived you of abundant my reward.
ذُكِرَThis has been mentionedابْنُby IbnأَبِيAbiالدُّنْيَاal-Dunyaوَغَيْرُهُ.and others.
This has been mentioned by Ibn Abi al-Dunya and others.