أَرَادَwantedأَسْمَاءَnamesالأَعْرَاضَthe symptomsوَالأَعْيَانَand the entitiesمُكَبِّرَهَاtheir magnified formsوَمُصَغِّرَهَاand their diminished forms
He wanted the names of symptoms and entities, both in their magnified and diminished forms.
وَالدَّلِيلَAnd the proofعَلَىofذَلِكَthatمَاwhatثَبَتَhas been establishedفِيinالصَّحِيحَيْنِthe two correct booksعَنfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetلَوْifأَنَّهُhe saidفِيinحَدِيثِthe hadithالشَّفَاعَةِof intercession::إِنَّthatالنَّاسَthe peopleيَقُولُونَsayيَاOآدَمَAdamأَنْتَyou areأَبُوthe father ofالْبَشَرِmankind,,خَلَقَكَGod created youاللَّهُGodبِيَدِهِwith His handوَنَفَخَand breathedفِيكَinto youمِنfromرُوحِهِHis spirit,,وَعَلَّمَكَand taught youأَسْمَاءَthe namesكُلِّof allشَيْءٍthings
And the proof of that is what has been established in the two correct books from the Prophet: "If people say: O Adam, you are the father of mankind; God created you with His hand and breathed into you from His spirit, and taught you the names of all things."
وَأَيْضًاAnd alsoقَوْلُهُhis saying::﴿"الأَسْمَاءَthe namesكُلَّهَاall of themلَفْظٌis a termعَامٌّgeneralمُؤَكَّدٌemphasized،,فَلَاso it is notيَجُوزُpermissibleتَخْصِيصُهُto specify itبِالدَّعْوَىwith the claim
And also his saying: "The names are all a general term emphasized; it is not permissible to specify it with the claim."
وَقَوْلُهُAnd his saying::ثُمَّThenعَرَضَهُمْHe presented themعَلَىtoالْمَلِكَةِthe Queen,,لَأَنَّهُbecauseاجْتَمَعَgatheredمِنamongيَعْقِلُthose who can reasonوَمِنand those whoلَاcannotيَعْقِلُreason,,فَغَلَبَso prevailedمِنthose whoيَعْقِلُcan reasonكَمَاasقَالَhe said:,},{﴿"فَمِنْهُمSo among themمَّنthere are those whoيَمْشِيwalksعَلَىonبَطْنِهِhis belly,,وَمِنْهُمand among themمَنthere are those whoيَمْشِيwalksعَلَىonرَجْلَيْنِtwo legsوَمِنْهُمand among themمَنthere are those whoيَمْشِيwalksعَلَىonأَرْبَعٍfour (legs)
And his saying: "Then He presented them to the Queen, because among them were those who could reason and those who could not reason, and so those who could reason prevailed, as he said: 'So among them are those who walk on their bellies, and among them are those who walk on two legs, and among them are those who walk on four (legs).'"
قَالَIkrimah said::عَلَّمَهُHe taught himأَسْمَاءَthe namesالأَجْنَاسِof kindsدُونَwithoutأَنْوَاعِهَاits types,,كَقَوْلِكَlike sayingإِنْسَانٍhumanوَجِنٍّand jinnوَمَلَكٍand angelوَطَائِرٍand bird.
Ikrimah said: 'He taught him the names of kinds without their types, as saying: human, jinn, angel, and bird.'
وَقَالَAnd saidمُقَاتِلٌMaqatil,,وَابْنُand IbnالسَّائِبِAl-Sa'ib,,وَابْنُand IbnقُتَيْبَةَQutaybahعَلَّمَهُHe taught himأَسْمَاءَthe namesمَاwhatخَلَقَcreatedفِيinالأَرْضِthe earthمِنofالْدَّوَابِّthe animalsوَالْهَوَامِّand the insectsوَالطُّيُورِand the birds.
And Maqatil and Ibn Al-Sa'ib and Ibn Qutaybah said: 'He taught him the names of what was created on the earth from the animals, insects, and birds.'
وَمِمَّاAnd among whatيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonأَنَّthatهَذِهِtheseاللُّغَاتِlanguagesلَيْسَتْare notمُتَلَقَّاةًreceivedعَنْfromآدَمَAdamأَنَّthatأَكْثَرَmostاللُّغَاتِlanguagesنَاقِصَةٌare deficientعَنْfromاللُّغَةِthe languageالْعَرَبِيَّةِArabic,,لَيْسَthere is notعِندَهُمْwith themأَسْمَاءٌspecial namesخَاصَّةٌspecificلِلْأَوْلَادِfor childrenوَالْبُيُوتِand housesوَالْأَصْوَاتِand soundsوَغَيْرِand othersذَٰلِكَthat whichمِمَّاto be added toيُضافُthe animal.
And among what indicates that these languages are not received from Adam is that most languages are deficient compared to the Arabic language; they do not have specific names for children, houses, sounds, and other things that are to be added to animals.
بَلْButإِنَّمَاthey onlyيُسْتَخْدِمُونَuseفِيinذَلِكَthatالإِضَافَةَaddition.فَلَوْIfكَانَit wasآدَمُAdamعَلَيْهِupon himالسَّلَامُpeaceعَلَّمَهُtaught himالْجَمِيعَeveryoneلَعَلِمَهَاhe would have known itمُتَنَاسِبَةًin a corresponding manner
But they only use addition in that. If Adam, peace be upon him, had taught everyone, he would have known them correspondingly.
وَأَيْضًاAnd alsoفَكُلَّeveryأُمَّةٍnationلَيْسَis notلَهَاfor itكِتَابٌa book,,لَيْسَthere is notفِيinلُغَتِهَاits languageأَيَّامَdaysالأُسْبُوعِof the week,,وَإِنَّمَاbutيُوجَدُexistsفِيinلُغَتِهَاits languageاسْمٌnameالْيَوْمِof the dayوَالشَّهْرِand the monthوَالسَّنَةِand the year
And also every nation that does not have a book does not have the days of the week in its language; rather, it has names for the day, month, and year.
لِأَنَّBecauseذَلِكَthatعُرِفَis knownبِالْحَسِّthrough senseوَالْعَقْلِand intellect.فَوُضِعَتْThus nations establishedلَهُfor itالأَسْمَاءَthe names,,لِأَنَّbecauseالتَّعْبِيرَexpressionيَتْبَعُfollowsالتَّصَوُّرَthe perception.وَأَمَّاAnd as forالأُسْبُوعِthe weekفَلَمْit was notيُعْرَفْknownإِلَّاexceptبِالسَّمْعِby hearing.
Because that is known through sense and intellect. Thus, nations established names for it because expression follows perception. And as for the week, it was not known except by hearing.
لَمْIt was notيُعْرَفْknownأَنْthatاللَّهَGodخَلَقَcreatedالسَّمَاوَاتَthe heavensوَالْأَرْضَand the earthوَمَاand whatبَيْنَهُمَاbetween themفِيinسِتَّةِsixأَيَّامٍdaysثُمَّthenاسْتَوَىestablished Himselfعَلَىuponالْعَرْشِthe Throneإِلَّاexceptبِأَخْبَارِby the reportsالْأَنْبِيَاءِof the prophetsالَّذِينَwhoشَرَعَwere ordainedلَهُمْfor themأَنْtoيَجْتَمِعُواgatherفِيinالأُسْبُوعِthe weekيَوْمًاa dayيَعْبُدُونَto worshipاللَّهَGodفِيin itوَيَحْفَظُونَand they preserveبِهِthrough itالأُسْبُوعَthe weekالأوَّلَthe firstالَّذِيwhichبَدَأَbeganاللَّهُGodفِيin itخَلْقَthe creationهَذَاthisالْعَالَمَworld.
It was not known that God created the heavens and the earth and what is between them in six days, then established Himself upon the Throne except by the reports of the prophets who were ordained to gather in the week on a day to worship God in it and preserve the first week which God began in creating this world.
فِيSo inلُغَةِthe languageالعَرَبِof the Arabsوَالْعِبْرَانِيِّينَand the Hebrewsوَمِنand those whoتَلَقَّوْاreceivedعَنْهُمْfrom them،,أَيَّامَdaysالأُسْبُوعِof the week,,بِخِلَافِunlikeالتُّرْكِthe Turksوَنَحْوِهِمand similar peoples.فَإِنَّهُFor thereلَيْسَis notفِيinلُغَتِهِمtheir languageالأُسْبُوعُthe week,,لَأَنَّهُمْbecause theyلَمْdid notيَعْرِفُواknowذَلِكَthat,,فَلَمْso they did notيُعَبِّرُواexpress it.
So in the language of the Arabs and the Hebrews and those who received from them, the days of the week; unlike the Turks and similar peoples, for there is not "the week" in their language, because they did not know that, so they did not express it.
فَعُلِمَSo it is knownأَنَّthatاللَّهَGodأَلْهَمَinspiredالإِنْسَانِيَّةَhumanityأَنْtoيُعَبِّرَexpressعَمَّاabout whatيُرِيدُhe wantsوَيَتَخَيَّلُand imaginesبِاللَّفْظِwith his word.وَأَنَّAnd thatأَوَّلَthe firstمِمَّنْof those who knewذَلِكَthatأَبَاهُمَاtheir father Adam,(۱)(1)
So it is known that God inspired humanity to express about what he wants and imagines with his word. And that the first of those who knew that was their father Adam.
وَعَلَىAnd onهَامِشِthe marginالهِنْدِيَّةِthe Indianوَفِيand inنُسْخَةٍthe versionمُتَشَابِهَةٍsimilar.::«"مُتَشَابِهَةٍsimilar.»"
And on the margin of the Indian version, there is a note: "similar."