الْفَسَادُcorruption::الْكُفْرُdisbeliefوَandالْمَعَاصِيُsins،,وَعَنْand aboutمُجَاهِدٍMujahid::تَرْكِabandoningامْتِثَالِthe obedienceالْأَوَامِرِthe commandsوَاجْتِنَابِand avoidingالنَّوَاهِيِthe prohibitions،,وَالْقَوْلَانِand both sayingsمَعْنَاهُمَاtheir meaningsوَاحِدٌoneوَعَنْand aboutابْنِIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasالْكُفْرِdisbelief.
Corruption: disbelief and sins. Mujahid said: Abandoning obedience to the commands and avoiding prohibitions, and both meanings are one. Ibn Abbas said: disbelief.
وَهَذَاand thisمَعْنَىis the meaningقَوْلِof sayingمِنْof whomقَالَsaid::النَّفَاقُhypocrisyالَّذِيwhichصَافُواthey alliedبِهِwithالْكُفَّارِthe disbelieversوَأَطْلَعُوهُمْand informed themعَلَىofأَسْرَارِthe secretsالْمُؤْمِنِينَof the believers.
And this is the meaning of the saying of those who said: The hypocrisy which they allied with the disbelievers and informed them of the secrets of the believers.
وَعَنْand aboutأَبِيAbuالْعَالِيَةِAl-Aliyyahوَمُقَاتِلٍand Muqatil::الْعَمَلُthe actبِالْمَعَاصِيِof sins،,وَهَذَاand thisأَيْضًاalsoعَامٌgeneralكَالأَوَّلِينَlike the two earlier ones.
And about Abu Al-Aliyyah and Muqatil: the act of sins, and this is also general like the earlier two.
وَقَوْلُهُمْAnd their saying﴿إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ﴾"Indeed, we are reformers"[البقرة[Al-Baqarah::۸8]]فُسِّرَinterpretedبِإنْكَارِهِمْby denyingمَاwhatأَقَرُّواthey acknowledgedبِهِtherein،,أَيِmeaning::إِنَّاIndeed, weإِنَّمَاonlyنَفْعَلُwe doمَاwhatأَمَرَنَاwe were commandedبِهِbyالرَّسُولِthe Messengerوَتُفَسَّرُand interpretedبِأَنْthatالَّذِيwhatنَفْعَلُهُwe doصَلَاحٌis righteousness،,وَنَقْصِدُand we intendبِهِby itالصَّلَاحَrighteousness،,وَكِلَاand bothالْقَوْلَيْنِsayingsيُرْوَىare narratedعَنْaboutابْنِIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbas،,وَكِلَاهُمَاand both areحَقٌّtrue،,فَإِنَّهُمْfor theyيَقُولُونَsayهَذَاthisوَهَذَاand that,,يَقُولُونَthey sayالأَوَّلُthe firstلِمَنto whomلَمْnotيَطَّلِعْbe awareعَلَىofبَاطِنِهِمْtheir inner selves،,وَيَقُولُونَand they sayالثَّانِيthe secondلِأَنْفُسِهِمْto themselvesوَلِمَنand to whomاطَّلَعَbe awareعَلَىofبَاطِنِهِمْtheir inner selves.
And their saying: "Indeed, we are reformers" [Al-Baqarah: 8] is interpreted as denying what they acknowledged, meaning: Indeed, we do only what we were commanded by the Messenger, and it is interpreted that what we do is righteousness, and we intend by it righteousness, and both sayings are narrated about Ibn Abbas, and both are true, for they say this and that; they say the first to those who are unaware of their inner selves, and they say the second to themselves and to those who are aware of their inner selves.
لَكِنَّbutالثَّانِيَthe secondيَتَنَاوَلُcoversالأَوَّلَthe first،,فَإِنَّfor ifمِنْofجُمْلَةِa partأَفْعَالِهِمْof their actionsإِسْرَارٌsecretlyخِلَافَagainstمَاwhatيُظْهِرُونَthey show،,وَهُمْand theyيَرَوْنَconsiderهَذَاthisصَلَاحًاrighteousness.
But the second covers the first, for indeed a part of their actions is secretly going against what they show, and they consider this righteousness.
قَالَSaidمُجَاهِدٌMujahid::أَرَادُواThey intendedأَنْthatمُصَافَاةًthe alliance withالْكُفَّارِthe disbelieversصَلَاحٌis righteousnessلَاnotفَسَادٌcorruption.
Mujahid said: They intended that the alliance with the disbelievers is righteousness, not corruption.
وَعَنْAnd aboutالسُّدِّيِّAl-Suddi::إِنَّIndeedفَعَلْنَاwe doهَذَاthisهُوَisالصَّلَاحُrighteousness،,وَتَصْدِيقٌand beliefمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadفَسَادٌcorruption.
And about Al-Suddi: Indeed, what we do is righteousness, and the belief in Muhammad is corruption.
وَقِيلَAnd it was said::أَرَادُواThey intendedأَنْthatهَذَاthisصَلَاحٌrighteousnessفِيinالدُّنْيَاthis world،,فَإِنَّfor ifالدَّوْلَةَthe matterإِنْifكَانَتْwasلِلنَّبِيِّfor the Prophet،,فَقَدْthenأَمِنُواthey would be safeبِمُتَابَعَتِهِby following him،,وَإِنْand ifكَانَتْwasلِلْكُفَّارِfor the disbelievers،,فَقَدْthenأَمِنُوهُمْthey would be safe from themبِمُصَافَاتِهِمْby aligning with them،,وَلَأَجْلِand for the sake ofالْقَوْلَيْنِthe two sayingsقِيلَit was saidفِيinقَوْلِهِHis saying(أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْمُفْسِدُونَ وَلَكِن لَّا يَشْعُرُونَ)"Indeed, they are the corrupters, but they do not perceive"[البقرة][Al-Baqarah]أَيْmeaning::لَاnotيَشْعُرُونَthey perceiveأَنْthatمَاwhatفَعَلُوهُthey didفَسَادٌcorruptionلَاnotصَلَاحٌrighteousness.
And it was said: They intended that this is righteousness in this world, for if the matter is for the Prophet, then they are safe by following him, and if it is for the disbelievers, then they are safe from them by aligning with them, and for the sake of the two sayings, it was said in His saying: (Indeed, they are the corrupters, but they do not perceive) [Al-Baqarah] meaning: they do not perceive that what they did is corruption, not righteousness.
وَقِيلَAnd it was said::لَاnotيَشْعُرُونَthey perceiveأَنْthatاللَّهَGodيَطَّلِعُrevealsنَبِيَّهُHis Prophetعَلَىofفَسَادِهِمْtheir corruptionوَالْقَوْلُand the sayingالأَوَّلُthe firstيَتَنَاوَلُcoversالثَّانِيَthe secondفَهُوَfor heالْمُرَادُis meant،,كَمَاasيَدُلُّit indicatesعَلَيْهِby itلَفْظُthe wordingالْآيَةِof the verse.
And it was said: They do not perceive that God reveals to His Prophet of their corruption, and the first saying covers the second, for he is meant, as it indicates by the wording of the verse.
وَقَالَAnd Allah said::﴿إِنَّ وَلِيَّ اللَّـهِ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ وَهُوَ يَتَوَلَّى الصَّالِحِينَ﴾"Indeed, the ally of Allah is the One who has sent down the Book and He protects the righteous."[الأعراف].[Al-A'raf].وَقَالَAnd it was said::﴿قَالَ مُوسَى مَا جِئْتُم بِهِ السِّحْرُ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ سَيُبْطِلُهُ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ لَا يُصْلِحُ عَمَلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ﴾"Moses said: What you have brought is sorcery; indeed, Allah will nullify it. Indeed, Allah does not correct the work of the corrupters."[يونس:[Yunus: ::۸۱].81].وَقَوْلُAnd the sayingيُوسُفَof Yusuf::تَوَفَّنِي مُسْلِمًا وَأَلْحِقْنِي"Cause me to die as a Muslim and join me with the righteous."بِالصَّالِحِينَ﴾with the righteous."[يُوسُفَ:[Yusuf: ١٠١].101].وَقَدْAnd it hasيُقَرَّنَbeen associatedأَحَدُهُمَاone of themبِمَاwith whatهُوَisأَخَصُّmore specificمِنْهُthan it is,,كَقَوْلِهِas in His saying::﴿وَإِذَا تَوَلَّى سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ"And when he turns away, he strives in the landلِيُفْسِدَ فِيهَاto cause corruption thereinوَيُهْلِكَand destroysالْحَرْثَthe cropsوَالنَّسْلَand the progenyوَاللَّهُand Allahلَاdoes notيُحِبُّloveالْفَسَادَ)corruption."[البقرة][Al-Baqarah].
And Allah said: (Indeed, the ally of Allah is the One who has sent down the Book and He protects the righteous) [Al-A'raf]. And it was said: (Moses said: What you have brought is sorcery; indeed, Allah will nullify it. Indeed, Allah does not correct the work of the corrupters) [Yunus: 81]. And the saying of Yusuf: (Cause me to die as a Muslim and join me with the righteous) [Yusuf: 101]. And it has been associated one of them with what is more specific than it, as in His saying: (And when he turns away, he strives in the land to cause corruption therein and destroys the crops and the progeny. And Allah does not love corruption) [Al-Baqarah].
قِيلَIt was said::وَتِلْكَAnd thatالْدَّارُthe abodeالْآخِرَةُthe HereafterيَجْعَلُهَاHe will make itلِلَّذِينَfor those whoلَاdo notيُرِيدُونَdesireعُلُوًّاarroganceفِيinالْأَرْضِthe earthوَلَاnorفَسَادًا)corruption) [Al-Qasas: 83].وَقَدْAnd it hasتَقَدَّمَadvancedقَوْلُهُHis sayingتَعَالَىthe Most High::﴿إِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ"Indeed, Pharaoh had exalted himself in the landوَجَعَلَand madeأَهْلَهَاits peopleشِيَعًاinto factionsيَسْتَضْعِفُhe weakensطَائِفَةًa groupمِّنْهُمْof themيُذَبِّحُhe slaughtersأَبْنَاءَهُمْtheir sonsوَيَسْتَحِيِيand sparesنِسَاءَهُمْtheir women.
It was said: And that the abode of the Hereafter He will make it for those who do not desire arrogance in the earth nor corruption) [Al-Qasas: 83]. And it has been advanced His saying: (Indeed, Pharaoh had exalted himself in the land and made its people into factions; he weakens a group of them, he slaughters their sons, and spares their women).
وَقَالَAnd he saidمُجَاهِدٌMujahid::فِيInقَوْلِهِHis saying::﴿وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ"And when it is said to them: Do not cause corruption in the land,قَالُواthey sayإِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ﴾Indeed, we are reformers."[البقرة:[Al-Baqarah: ۲2::۸].8].
And Mujahid said: In His saying: (And when it is said to them: Do not cause corruption in the land, they say: Indeed, we are reformers) [Al-Baqarah: 8].