وَأَمَّاAnd as forإِنْifكَانَwasالْمُتَّبِعُthe followerلِلْمُجْتَهِدِof the mujtahidعَاجِزًاunableعَنْtoمَعْرِفَةِknowالْحَقِّthe truthعَلَىinالتَّفْصِيلِdetail
And if the follower of the mujtahid is unable to know the truth in detail.
وَقَدْAnd he hasفَعَلَdoneمَاwhatيَقْدِرُhe is capableعَلَيْهِofمِثْلِهِhis kindمِنَofالِاجْتِهَادِijtihadفِيinالتَّقْلِيدِtaqleed
And he has done what he is capable of in ijtihad in imitation.
فَهَذَاThisلَاnotيُؤَاخَذُheld accountableإِنْifأَخْطَأَhe makes a mistakeكَمَاas inالْقِبْلَةِthe qibla
This one is not held accountable if he makes a mistake, as in the qibla.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forإِنْifقَلَّدَhe imitatedشَخْصًاa personدُونَless thanنَظِيرِهِhis equalمُجَرَّدًاjust byهَوَاهُhis desireوَنَصَرَهُand supports himبِيَدِهِwith his handوَلِسَانِهِand his tongueمِنْwithoutغَيْرِanyعِلْمٍknowledgeأَنْthatمَعَهُwith himالْحَقَّthe truth
And if he imitates a person less than his equal merely for his desire and supports him with his hand and tongue without any knowledge that he has the truth.
فَهَذَاThisمِنْis fromأَهْلِthe people ofالْجَاهِلِيَّةِignorance
This is from the people of ignorance.
وَإِنْAnd ifكَانَwasمَتْبُوعُهُhis followerمُخْطِئًاmistakenلَمْnotيَكُنْbeعَمَلُهُhis actionصَالِحًاrighteous
And if his follower was mistaken, his action was not righteous.
وَإِنْAnd ifكَانَwasمَتْبُوعُهُhis followerمُخْطِئًاmistakenكَانَwasآثِمًاsinful
And if his follower was mistaken, he was sinful.
كَمَنْLike oneقَالَwho saidفِيaboutالْقُرْآنِthe Quranبِرَأْيِهِby his opinion
Like one who said about the Quran by his opinion.
فَإِنْIfأَصَابَhe is correctفَقَدْthen indeedأَخْطَأَhe erredوَإِنْAnd ifأَخْطَأَhe errفَلْيَتَبَوَّأْthen let him takeمَقْعَدَهُhis seatمِنَfromالنَّارِthe Fire.
If he is correct, then indeed he erred, and if he erred, then let him take his seat in the Fire.
وَهَؤُلَاءِAnd theseمِنْare fromجِنْسِthe type ofمَانِعِthe one who preventsالزَّكَاةِZakatالَّذِيthatتَقَدَّمَprecededفِيْهِin itالْوَعِيدِthe warning.
And these are from the type of those who prevent Zakat, concerning which there has been a warning.
وَمِنْAnd fromجِنْسِthe type ofعَبْدِthe slave ofالدِّينَارِthe dinarوَالْدَّرْهَمِand the dirhamوَالْقَطِيفَةِand the brocadeوَالْخَمِيصَةِand the khamisa.
And from the type of the slave of the dinar, dirham, brocade, and khamisa.
فَإِنَّFor ifذَاكَthatلَمَّاfor whenأَحَبَّhe lovesالْمَالَmoneyحُبًّاwith a loveمَنَعَهُthat prevents himعَنْfromعِبَادَةِworshipاللَّهِAllahوَطَاعَتِهِand obedience to Him.
For if that person loves money with a love that prevents him from worshiping Allah and obeying Him, he becomes a slave to it.
وَمِثْلُهَذَاSimilarlyهَؤلاءtheseفَيَكُونُso it isفِيهِمْin themشِرْكٌa partnershipأَصْغَرَlesser.
Similarly, these are in lesser partnership.
وَلَهُمْAnd for themمِنَwhatالْوَعِيدِthe warningبِحَسَبِaccording toذَاكَthat.
And for them is the warning according to that.
وَفِيAnd inالْحَدِيثِthe Hadith::«إِنَّIndeed, ifيَسِيرَa littleالرِّيَاءِshow-offشِرْكٌ»is partnership.
And in the Hadith: 'Indeed, a little show-off is partnership.'
وَهَذَاAnd thisمُبَسَّطٌis elaboratedعِندَinالنُّصُوصِthe textsالَّتِيwhichفِيهَاin itإِطْلَاقٌthe declarationالكُفْرِof disbeliefوَالشِّرْكِand partnershipعَلَىonكَثِيرٍmanyمِنَofالذُّنُوبِsins.
And this is elaborated in the texts which declare disbelief and partnership upon many sins.
وَالْمَقْصُودُAnd the intendedهُنَاhereأَنْis thatالظُّلْمَthe oppressionالْمُطْلَقَabsoluteيَتَنَاوَلُencompassesالْكُفْرَdisbeliefوَلَاand notيَخْتَصُّspecificallyبِالْكُفْرِto disbelief.بَلْRatherيَتَنَاوَلُencompassesمَاwhatدُونَهُis less than it.
And the intended here is that absolute oppression encompasses disbelief and is not solely restricted to disbelief; rather it encompasses what is less than it.
وَكُلٌّAnd eachبِحَسَبِهِaccording to itكَلفظٍlike the termالذَّنبِsinوَالْخَطِيئَةِand errorوَالْمَعْصِيَةِand disobedience,فَإِنَّfor indeedهَذَاthisيَتَنَاوَلُencompassesالْكُفْرَdisbeliefوَالْفُسُوقَand wickednessوَالْعِصْيَانَand disobedience,
And each, as a term of sin, error, and disobedience, encompasses disbelief, wickedness, and disobedience.
كَمَاAsفِيinالصَّحِيحَيْنِthe two authenticعَنْfromعَبْدِAbdullahبِنِbinمَسْعُودٍMas’udقَالَhe said:قُلْتُI said,يَاOرَسُولَMessengerاللَّهِof Allahأَيُّwhichالذَّنبِsinأَعْظَمُis greater?
As in the two authentic narrations from Abdullah bin Mas’ud, he said: I said, O Messenger of Allah, which sin is the greatest?
قَالَHe said:أَنْThatتَجْعَلَyou makeاللَّهَAllahنِدًّاa partnerوَهُوَwhile He isخَالِقُكَyour Creator.
He said: 'That you make Allah a partner while He is your Creator.'
قُلْتُI said:ثُمَّThenأَيٌّwhich؟قَالَHe said:ثُمَّThenأَنْthatتَقْتُلَyou killوَلَدَكyour childخَشْيَةَfor fearأَنْthatيَطْعَمَhe eatsمَعَكَwith you.
I said: Then which? He said: Then that you kill your child for fear that he eats with you.
قُلْتُI said:ثُمَّThenأَيٌّwhich؟قَالَHe said:ثُمَّThenأَنْthatتُزَانِيyou commit adulteryبِحَلِيلَةِwith the wifeجَارِكَof your neighbor.
I said: Then which? He said: Then that you commit adultery with the wife of your neighbor.
فَأَنزَلَThen Allah sent downاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىthe Exalted:وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoلَاdo notيَدْعُونَcall uponمَعَwithاللَّهِAllahإِلَهًاa deityآخَرَanotherوَلَاand do notيَقْتُلُونَkillالنَّفْسَthe soulالَّتِيthatحَرَّمَHe has made sacredاللَّهُAllahإِلَّاexceptبِالْحَقِّin truth.وَلَاAnd do notيَزْنُونَcommit adultery.وَمَنAnd whoeverيَفْعَلْdoesذَٰلِكَthatيَلْقَhe will faceأَثَامًاpunishment.
Then Allah, the Exalted, revealed: 'And those who do not call upon another deity with Allah and do not kill the soul which Allah has made sacred except in truth, and do not commit adultery – and whoever does that will face punishment.'
يُضَاعَفُWill be multipliedلَهُfor himالْعَذَابُthe punishmentيَوْمَon the Day ofالْقِيَامَةِthe Resurrectionوَيَخْلُدْand he will abideفِيهِin it,مُهَانًاhumiliated.إِلَّاExceptمَنwhoeverتَابَrepentedوَءَامَنَand believedوَعَمِلَand didعَمَلًاa good deed
The punishment will be multiplied for him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide in it, humiliated, except for whoever repents and believes, and does a good deed.
فَأُولَـٰئِكَIndeed, thoseيُبَدَّلُthey will replaceاللَّهُAllahسَيِّئَاتِهِمtheir sinsحَسَنَاتٍwith good deeds.
Indeed, those will have their sins replaced with good deeds by Allah.
وَكَانَAnd He wasاللَّهُAllahغَفُورًاForgivingرَّحِيمًاMerciful.
And Allah was Forgiving and Merciful.
وَمَنAnd whoeverتَابَrepentedوَعَمِلَand didصَالِحًاrighteouslyفَإِنَّهُhe will beيَتُوبُrepentإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllah.مَتَابًَاa true repentance.
And whoever repented and acted righteously, he will be repenting to Allah with a true repentance.
فَهَذَاThisالْوَعِيدُwarningبِتَمَامِهِin its entiretyعَلَىonالثَّلاثَةِthree,وَلِكُلِّand for eachعَمَلٍactionقِسْطٌportionمِنْهُof it.
This warning is in its entirety regarding the three, and for each action is a portion of it.
فَلَوْIfأَشْرَكَhe associated (partners with Allah)وَلَمْand did notيَقْتُلْkillوَلَمْand did notيَزْنِcommit adultery,كَانَhis punishment wasعَذَابَهُless than that.
If he associated partners with Allah and did not kill and did not commit adultery, his punishment was less than that.
وَلَوْAnd ifزَنَىhe committed adulteryوَقَتَلَand killedوَلَمْand did notيُشْرِكْassociate (partners with Allah),كَانَhe has from this
And if he committed adultery and killed, while not associating partners with Allah, he has a portion of this.