ٱلْآيَةُThe verseعَامٌّis generalأَنَّهُمْthat theyلَاdo notيَعْصِينَdisobey Himفِيinمَعْرُوفٍ،good deeds.وَمَعْصِيَتُهُAnd disobedienceلَاdoes notتَكُونُhappenإِلَّاexceptفِيinمَعْرُوفٍ،good.فَإِنَّهُIndeed, itلَاdoes notيَأْمُرُcommandبِمُنْكَرٍ،something wrong,لَـكِنَّbutهَـٰذَا ـthis—كَمَاasقِيلَ ـit is said—فِيهِin itدَلَالَةٌan indicationعَلَىofأَنَّthatطَاعَةَobedienceأُولِيof the leadersٱلْأَمْرِis onlyإِنَّمَاobligatoryتَلْزَمُin the good.كَمَاAsثَبَتَestablishedفِيinٱلصَّحِيحِthe authenticعَنْfromٱلنَّبِيِّthe Prophetأَنَّهُthat heقَالَ :said:إِنَّمَاIndeed, theٱلطَّاعَةُobedienceفِيis inٱلْمَعْرُوفِ»good deeds."
The verse is general that they do not disobey Him in good deeds. Disobedience does not happen except in good. Indeed, it does not command something wrong, but this—as it is said—indicates that obedience to the leaders is only obligatory in the good, as established in the authentic narrations from the Prophet that he said: 'Indeed, obedience is in good deeds.'
وَنَظِيرُAnd a parallelهَذَاto thisقَوْلُهُ :is His saying:أَسْتَجِيبُوا‘Respondلِلَّهِto Allahوَٱلرَّسُولِand the MessengerإِذَاwhenدَعَاكُمْHe calls youلِمَاto whatيُحْيِيكُمْ)gives you life.’
And a parallel to this is His saying: 'Respond to Allah and the Messenger when He calls you to what gives you life.'
وَهُوَAnd Heلَاdoes notيَدْعُوcallإِلَّاexceptإِلَىtoذَٰلِكَthat.وَٱلتَّقْيِيدُAnd the restrictionهُنَاhereلَاdoes notمَفْهُومٌhave a conceptلَهُfor it.فَإِنَّهُIndeed, itلَاdoes notيَقَعُoccurدَعَاءٌa callلِغَيْرِfor othersذَٰلِكَ،than that,وَلَاnorأَمْرٌa commandبِغَيْرِexcept for goodمَعْرُوفٍknown.
And He does not call except to that. And the restriction here does not have a concept for it. Indeed, it does not occur a call for others than that, nor command except for good.
وَهَذَاAnd thisكَقَوْلِهِis like His sayingتَعَالَى:the Exalted:وَلَا‘And do notتُكْرِهُواforceفَنَٰيَاتِكُمْyour womenعَلَىto theٱلْبِغَاءِprostitutionإِنْifأَرَدْنَthey wishتَحَصُّنًا ﴾to protect themselves.’
And this is like His saying the Exalted: 'And do not force your women into prostitution if they wish to protect themselves.'
فَإِنَّهُنَّIndeed, if theyإِذَاwhenلَمْdid notيَرْدْنَwishتَحَصُّنًا،to protect themselves,اِمْتَنَعَit is forbiddenالإِكْرَاهُ،to coerce,وَلَكِنbutفِيinهَذَاthisبَيَانٌis clarificationلِلْوَصْفِof the descriptionٱلْمُنَاسِبِFittingلِلْحُكْمِ،to the ruling,وَمِنْهُand from itقَوْلُهُis His sayingتَعَالَى:the Exalted:وَمَن‘And whoeverيَدْعُوcallsمَعَwithاللَّهِAllahإِلَىto anotherوَآخَرَAnd anotherلَاnotبِرَهَانٍwith proof.كَثُرَتْIf they accrueبِهِwith it.فَإِنَّمَاThen, theirحِسَابُهُمْaccountعِندَis withرَبِّهِمtheir Lord.إِنَّهُIndeed, Heلَاdoes notيُفْلِحُgrant success toٱلْكَافِرِينَ ﴾the disbelievers.
Indeed, if they do not wish to protect themselves, it is forbidden to coerce, but in this is clarification of the description fitting to the ruling, and from it is His saying the Exalted: 'And whoever calls with Allah to another without proof, then their account is with their Lord. Indeed, He does not grant success to disbelievers.'
وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying:وَيَقْتُلُونَ‘And they killٱلنَّبِيِّينَthe prophetsبِغَيْرِwithoutٱلْحَقِّ)right.'[ٱلْبَقَرَةِ:[Surat Al-Baqarah:٦١]61]
And His saying: 'And they kill the prophets without right.' [Surat Al-Baqarah: 61]
فَٱلتَّقْيِيدُSo the restrictionفِيinجَمِيعِallهَذَاthisلِلْبَيَانِis to showوَٱلْإِيضَاحِ،and clarification,لَاnotلِإِخْرَاجِto excludeوَصْفٍthe descriptionآخَرَ،other,وَلِهَذَاand for thisيُقَالُit is saidمِنby someيَقُولُونَsayمِنَ النُّحَاةِfrom the grammariansٱلصِّفَاتُthe attributesفِيof the knownلِلْتَّوْضِيحِfor clarificationلَاnotلِلْتَّخْصِيصِ،for specification,وَفِيand inٱلنَّكَرَاتِthe indefiniteلِلْتَّخْصِيصِ،for specification,يَعْنِيmeaningفِيinٱلْمَعَارِفِthe knownٱلَّتِيthatلَاdo notتَحْتَاجُneedإِلَىtoتَخْصِيصٍ،specification,كَقَوْلِهِ :as His saying:وَسَبْعِ‘And the sevenاسْمِnameرَبِّكَof your Lordٱلْأَعْلَىٰthe Most HighٱلَّذِىWhoخَلَقَcreatedفَسَوَّىٰand fashioned.[ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ][Surat Al-A'la]
So the restriction in all this is for showing and clarification, not for excluding another description, and for this it is said by some grammarians that the attributes in the known are for clarification, not for specification, and in the indefinite for specification, meaning in the known that do not need specification, as in His saying: 'And the name of your Lord, the Most High, Who created and fashioned.' [Surat Al-A'la]
وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying:ٱلَّذِينَ‘Those whoيَتَّبِعُونَfollowٱلرَّسُولَthe Messengerٱلنَّبِيَّthe Prophetٱلْأُمِّيَّthe illiterateٱلَّذِىwhoيَجِدُونَهُthey find itمَكْتُوبًاwrittenعِندَهُمْwith themفِيinٱلتَّوْرَاةِthe Torahوَٱلْإِنْجِيلِ)and the Gospel.’
And His saying: 'Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who finds them illiterate, written with them in the Torah and the Gospel.'
[ٱلْأَعْرَافِ:[Surat Al-A'raf:١٥٦]156]
[Surat Al-A'raf: 156]
وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying:ٱلْحَمْدُ‘Praiseلِلَّهِbe to Allah,رَبِّthe Lordٱلْعَالَمِينَof all the worlds,ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِthe Most Merciful,ٱلرَّحِيمِ)the Most Compassionate.’
And His saying: 'Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate.'
[ٱلْفَاتِحَةِ].[Surat Al-Fatiha].
[Surat Al-Fatiha].
وَٱلصِّفَـٰتُAnd the attributesفِيinٱلنَّكَرَاتِthe indefiniteإِذَاifتَمَيَّزَتْit is distinguishedتَكُونُit isلِلْتَّوْضِيحِfor clarification also.وَمَعَAnd withهَذَاthisفَقَدthere isعَطْفٌan additionٱلْمَعْصِيَةُof disobedienceعَلَىtoٱلْكُفْرِdisbeliefوَٱلْفُسُوقِand disobedienceفِيinقَوْلِهِ:His saying:﴿وَكَرِهَ‘And He hatedإِلَيْكُمْto youٱلْكُفْرَdisbelief,وَٱلْفُسُوقَand disobedienceوَٱلْعِصْيَانَ)and sin.'[ٱلْحُجُرَاتِ:[Surat Al-Hujurat:٧]7]
And the attributes in the indefinite, if distinguished, is for clarification also. And with this there is an addition of disobedience to disbelief and disobedience in His saying: 'And He hated to you disbelief, and disobedience, and sin.' [Surat Al-Hujurat: 7]
وَمَعْلُومٌAnd it is knownأَنَّthatٱلْفَاسِقُthe disobedientعَاصٍ أَيْضًا.is also disobedient.
And it is known that the disobedient is also disobedient.
فَصْلٌSectionوَمِنْAnd amongهَذَاthisٱلْبَابِchapterظُلْمُis the oppressionٱلنَّفْسِ،of the self,فَإِنَّهُfor itإِذَاwhenأُطْلِقَتْit is mentioned broadlyتَنَاوَلُit encompassesجَمِيعَallٱلذُّنُوبِ،sins.فَإِنَّهَاIndeed, itظُلْمٌis oppression.
Section: And among this chapter is the oppression of the self, for when mentioned broadly, it encompasses all sins. Indeed, it is oppression.
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