وَقَوْلُهُAnd His sayingوَقُلْand sayلِلَّذِينَto those whoأُوتُواwere givenالْكِتَابَthe scriptures
And His saying: "And say to those who were given the Scriptures."
وَهُوَAnd it isإِنَّمَاonlyيُخَاطِبُaddressingالْمَوْجُودِينَthose presentفِيinزَمَانِهِhis timeبَعْدَafterالنَّسْخِabrogationوَالتَّبْدِيلِand alteration
And it is addressing those present in his time after the abrogation and alteration.
يَدُلُIt indicatesعَلَىthatمَنْwhoeverدَانَadheresبِدِينِto the religionالْيَهُودِof the Jewsوَالنَّصَارَىand the Christians
It indicates that whoever adheres to the religion of the Jews and the Christians is included among those who were given the Scriptures.
لَاIt does notيَخْتَصُّspecifically pertainهَذَاthisاللَّفْظُtermبِمَنْto those whoكَانُواwereمُتَمَسِّكِينَholding fastبِهِto itقَبْلَbeforeالنَّسْخِabrogationوَالتَّبْدِيلِand alteration
This term does not specifically pertain to those who were holding fast to it before the abrogation and alteration.
وَلَاAnd notفَرْقٌthe differenceبَيْنَbetweenأَوْلَادِهِمtheir childrenوَأَوْلَادِand the childrenغَيْرِهِمof others
There is also no difference between their children and the children of others.
فَإِنَّFor ifأَوْلَادَهُمْtheir childrenإِذَاwhenكَانُواwereبَعْدَafterالنَّسْخِthe abrogationوَالتَّبْدِيلِand alterationمِمَّنamong those whoأُوتُواwere givenالْكِتَابَthe scripture
For if their children, when they are among those who were given the scripture after the abrogation and alteration, so do others.
فَكَذَلِكَSimilarlyغَيْرُهُمْothersإِذَاifكَانُواthey wereكُلَّهُمْallكَافِرِينَdisbelievers
Similarly, others, if they were all disbelievers.
وَقَدْAnd indeedجَعَلَهُمْHe made themالَّذِينَthose whoأُوتُواwere givenالْكِتَابَthe scriptureبِقَوْلِهِby His saying
And indeed, He made them as those who were given the scripture by His saying.
وَقُلْAnd sayلِلَّذِينَto those whoأُوتُواwere givenالْكُتُبَthe scriptures
And say to those who were given the books.
وَهُوَAnd it isلَاnotيُخَاطِبُaddressingبِذَلِكَby thatإِلَّاexceptمَنْwhoبَلَغَتْهُhas reached himرِسَالَتُهُhis message
And it is addressing only those to whom his message has reached.
لَاnotمَنْthose whoمَاتَdied
Not those who have died.
فَدَلَّThus it provedذَٰلِكَthatعَلَىregardingأَنَّthatقَوْلَهُHis statementوَطَعَامُAnd the food ofالَّذِينَthose whoأُوتُواwere givenالْكُتُبَthe scriptures
Thus it proved that His statement: 'And the food of those who were given the Scriptures' encompasses them all.
كَمَاAsهُوَisمَذْهَبُthe doctrineالْجَمَاهِيرِof the majorityمِنْamongالسَّلَفِthe predecessorsوَالْخَلَفِand successors
As is the doctrine of the majority of the predecessors and successors.
وَهُوَAnd it isمَذْهَبُthe doctrineأحْمَدَof AhmadمَالِكٍMalikوَأَبِيand AbuحَنِيفَةَHanifa
And it is the doctrine of Ahmad, Malik, and Abu Hanifa.
وَهُوَAnd it isالْمَنْصُوصُclearly statedعَنْهُ فِيfrom him inعَامَّةِgeneralأَجْوِبَتِهِhis responses
And it is clearly stated from him in his general responses.
لَمْdid notيَخْتَلِفْhis statements differكَلَامُهُhis speechإِلَّاexceptفِيinنَصَارَىthe Christians ofبَنِيthe sons ofتَغْلِبَTaghlib
His statements did not differ except concerning the Christians of Taghlib.
وَآخَرُAnd anotherالرِّوَايَتَيْنnarration from himعَنْهُregarding himأَنَّهُمْthat theyتُبَاحُare lawfulنِسَاؤُهُمْtheir womenوَذَبَائِحُهُمْand their sacrifices
And another narration from him says that their women and sacrifices are lawful.
كَمَاAsهُوَisقَوْلُthe sayingالْجُمُهُورِof the majorityمِنَof the companions
As is the saying of the majority of the companions.
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His sayingفِيinالرِّوَايَةِthe narrationالْأُخْرَىthe otherلَاnotتُبَاحُlawfulمُتَابَعَةًfollowingلِعَلِيٍّof Aliابْنِson ofأَبِيAbuطَالِبٍTalib
And His saying in the other narration: 'It is not lawful,' following Ali ibn Abi Talib.
لَمْwas notيَكُنdue toلِأَجْلِthe reason ofالنَّسَبِkinshipبَلْbutلِكَوْنِهِمbecause they did notلَمْnotيَدْخُلُواenter intoفِيthe religionأَهْلِof the people ofالْكِتَابِthe scripture
It was not due to kinship but because they did not enter into the religion of the people of the scripture.
إِلَّاexceptفِيماin whatيَشْتَهُونَهُthey desireمِنfromشُرْبِdrinkingالْخَمْرِalcohol
Except for what they desire from drinking alcohol.
وَنَحْوِهِand similar thingsوَلَكِنButبَعْضٌsomeالتَّابِعِينَof the followersظَنُّواthoughtأَنَّthatذَٰلِكَthat wasلِأَجْلِdue toالنَّسَبِkinship
But some of the followers thought that this was due to kinship.
كَمَاAsنَقَلَreportedعَنْfromعَطَاءٍAtaوَقَالَand saidبِهِwith itالشَّافِعِيُّAl-Shafi'iوَمَنْand those whoوَافَقَهُagreed with himمِنamongأَصْحَابِthe companionsأَحْمِدَof Ahmad
As reported from Ata, and Al-Shafi'i agreed with him, and those who agreed with him from the companions of Ahmad.
وَفَرَعُواAnd they derivedعَلَىfromذَٰلِكَthatفُرُوعًاbranches
And they derived branches from that.
كَمَنْLike the oneكَانَwho isأَحَدٌone ofأَبَوَيْهِhis parentsكِتَابِيًّاa scriptural personوَالْآخَرُand the otherلَيْسَis notبِكِتَابِيٍّa scriptural person
Like one who has one parent as a scriptural person and the other not a scriptural person.
وَنَحْوَand similar thingsذَلِكَthat
And similar things.
حَتَّىUntilلَاnotيُوجَدَfoundفِيinطَائِفَةٍa groupمِنَofكُتُبِthe booksأَصْحَابِof the companionsأَحْمَدَAhmad
Until not a single error is found in a group of the books of the companions of Ahmad.
إِلَّاexceptخَطَأًan errorهَذَاthisالْقَوْلُstatement
Except for this statement.
وَهُوَAnd it isعَلَىuponمَذْهَبِهِhis doctrineمُخَالِفٌcontradictingلِنُصُوصِهِhis texts
And it is upon his doctrine contradicting his texts.
لَمْdid notيُعَلِّقattachالْحُكْمَthe rulingبِالنَّسَبِto kinship
He did not attach the ruling to kinship.
فِيinمِثْلِsuchهَذَاthisبَتَّةًat allكَمَاasقَدْhasبُسِطَexplainedفِيinمَوْضِعِهِits place
In such a case at all, as has been explained in its place.
وَلَفْظُAnd the termالْمُشْرِكِينَof the polytheistsيُذْكَرُis mentionedمُفْرَدًاsinglyفِيinمِثْلِsuchقَوْلِهِHis saying
And the term of the polytheists is mentioned singly in such a phrase.
وَلَاAnd do notتَنْكِحُواmarryالْمُشْرِكَاتِthe polytheistsحَتَّىuntilيُؤْمِنُواthey believe
And do not marry the polytheists until they believe.
وَهَلْAnd doesيَتَنَاوَلُit encompassأَهْلَthe people ofالْكِتَابِthe scripture
And does it encompass the people of the scripture?
فِيهِIn itقَوْلَانِthere are two statementsمَشْهُورَانِfamousلِلْسَّلَفِfor the predecessors and successors
In it, there are two famous statements for the predecessors and successors.
وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoقَالُواsaidبِأَنَّهَاthat it isتَعُمُّgeneralمِنْهُمْamong themمَنْwho saidهِيَit isمُحْكَمَةٌfirm
And those who said that it is general among them are those who said it is firm.
كَابْنِLike IbnعُمَرَUmarوَالْجُمُورand the majorityالَّذِينَwhoيُبِيحُونَpermitنِكَاحَthe marriageالْكِتَابِيَّاتِof the scriptural womenكَمَاasذَكَرَهُmentionedاللَّهُAllahفِيinآيَةِthe verseالْمَائِدَةِof Al-Ma'idah
Like Ibn Umar and the majority who permit the marriage of the scriptural women as Allah mentioned in the verse of Al-Ma'idah.
وَهِيَAnd it isمُتَأَخِّرَةٌlaterعَنْthanهَذِهِthisوَمِنْهُمْand among themمَنْwhoيَقُولُsayنُسِخَتْabrogatedمِنْهَاfrom itتَحْرِيمُthe prohibition ofنِكَاحِthe marriage ofالْكِتَابِيَّاتِthe scriptural women
And it is later than this, and among them are those who say it abrogated the prohibition of the marriage of the scriptural women.
وَمِنْهُمْAnd among themمَنْthere are those whoيَقُولُsayبَلْratherهُوَit isمُخَصَّصٌspecificلَمْnotيُرَدَّis intendedبِاللَّفْظِby the general wordالْعَامِgeneral
And among them are those who say rather it is specific and not intended by the general term.
وَقَدْAnd indeedأَنزَلَrevealedاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىthe Most Highبَعْدَafterصُلْحٍthe treaty
And indeed Allah the Most High revealed after the treaty.