وَقِيلَAnd it was saidلِبَعْضِهِمْto some of them::بِمَBy whatعَرَفْتَdid you knowرَبَّكَ؟your Lord?
And it was said to some of them: By what did you know your Lord?
قَالَHe said::بِفَسْخِBy the nullificationالْعَزَائِمِof intentionsوَنَقْضِand the breakingالْهِمَمِ.of resolve.
He said: By the nullification of intentions and the breaking of resolve.
وَقَدْAndقَالَsaidتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿وَلَا﴾And notنَقُولَنَّWe will sayلِشَيْءٍfor somethingإِنِّيIndeed Iفَاعِلُwill doذَلِكَthatغَدًاtomorrowإِلَّاexceptأَنْthatيَشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُ)Allah.
And the Most High said: ﴾And we will not say for something, 'Indeed I will do that tomorrow,' except that Allah wills.
[الكَهْف[Al-KahfفَإِنَّForقَوْلَهُHis sayingلَأَفْعَلَنَّI will certainly doفِيهِin itمَعْنَىhas the meaningالطَّلَبِof requestوَالْخَبَرِand the newsوَطَلَبُهُHis requestجَازِمٌ،is decisive,وَأَمَّاand as forكَوْنِهِthe occurrenceمَطْلُوبَهُof its objectيَقَعُit occursفَهَذَاthisيَكُونُwill beإِنْifشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُ،Allah,
[Al-Kahf: For His saying 'I will certainly do in it' has the meaning of request and the news, and His request is decisive; and as for the occurrence of its object, this will be if Allah wills.
وَAndطَلَبُهُHis requestلِلْفِعْلِfor the actionيَجِبُmustأَنْbeيَكُونَfromاللَّهِAllahبِحَوْلِهِby His Powerوَقُوَّتِهِ،and His Strength,
And His request for the action must be from Allah, by His Power and His Strength,
فَفِيso inالطَّلَبِthe requestعَلَيْهِit is necessaryأَنْthatيُطْلَبَit be requestedمِنَfromاللَّهِ،Allah,وَفِيand inالْخَبَرِthe newsلَاthere is noيُخْبِرُone informsإِلَّاexceptبِمَاwith whatعَلَّمَهُHe has taughtاللَّهُ،Allah,
so in the request, it is necessary that it be requested from Allah; and in the news, there is no informing except with what Allah has taught.
فَإِذَاSo ifجَزَمَone assertsبِلاwith noتَعْلِيقٍ،suspension,كَانَit is likeالْمُتَأَلِّيthe one who swears an oathعَلَىagainstاللَّهِAllahفَيُكَذَّبُهُand he will be denied by Himاللَّهُ،Allah,
So if one asserts with no suspension, it is like the one who swears an oath against Allah, and he will be denied by Him.
فَالْمُسْلِمُSo the Muslimفِيin the affairالَّذِيthat whichهُوَhe isعَازِمٌresolvedعَلَيْهِupon itوَمُرِيدٌand intendingلَهُfor itوَطَالِبٌand requestingلَهُfor itطَلَبًاa requestلَاnoتَرَدُّدٌhesitationفِيْهِin itيَقُولُhe says::إِنْIfشَاءَwillsاللَّهُ،Allah,لِتَحْقِيقِfor the realizationمَطْلُوبَهُ،of his objective,وَحُصُولِand the attainmentمَاwhatأَقْسَمَhe has swornعَلَيْهِupon himلِكَوْنِهِby beingلَاnotيَكُونَit beإِلَّاexceptبِمَشِيئَةِby the willاللَّهِ،of Allah,لَاnotلِتَرَدُّدٍto hesitateفِيinإرَادَتِهِ،His will.
So the Muslim in the affair that he is resolved upon and intending for it and requesting it with no hesitation in it says: If Allah wills, for the realization of his objective and the attainment of what he has sworn upon, as it cannot occur except by the will of Allah, not for hesitation in His will.
وَالْرَّبُّAnd the Lordتَعَالَىthe Most High::مُرِيدٌis willingلِإِنْجَازِto accomplishمَاwhatوَعَدَهُمْHe promised themبِهِitإِرَادَةًwith a willجَازِمَةًthat is decisiveلَاnoمَثْنَوِيَّةًduality in it,
And the Lord the Most High is willing to accomplish what He promised them with a decisive will that has no duality in it,
وَمَاand whatشَاءَHe willsفَعَلَHe doesفَإِنَّهُfor indeedسُبْحَانَهُHe, exalted is He,مَاwhatشَاءَHe willsكَانَit wasوَمَاand whatلَمْdid notيَشَأْwillلَمْnotيَكُنbe.لَيْسَIt is notكَالْعَبْدِlike the servantالَّذِيwhoيُرِيدُwantsمَاwhatلَاnotيَكُونُ،be,وَيَكُونُand it occursمَاwhatلَاnotيُرِيدُ.he wants.
And what He wills, He does; for indeed He, exalted is He, what He wills, it was, and what He does not will, it will not be. It is not like the servant who wants what does not occur, and what occurs is what he does not want.
فَقَوْلُهُSo His sayingسُبْحَانَهُexalted is He::(إِنَّ(IfشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُAllah)
So His saying, exalted is He: (If Allah wills.
﴾[الْفَتْحِ﴾[Al-Fath:: ۲۷]27]تَحْقِيقٌis a confirmationأَنَّthatمَاwhatوَعَدْتُكُمI promised youبِهِwith itيَكُونُit will beلَاnoمُحَالَةٍdoubtبِمَشِيئَتِيby My willوَإِرَادَتِي،and My intention,
﴾[Al-Fath: 27] is a confirmation that what I promised you with it will be without doubt, by My will and My intention.
فَإِنَّFor indeedمَاwhatشِئْتُمyou willكَانَit wasوَمَاand whatلَمْdid notأَشَأَwill notلَمْnotيَكُنbe,فَكَانَit wasهَذَاthisالِاسْتِثْنَاءُexceptionهُنَاhereلِقَصْدِto intendالتَّحْقِيقِ،the confirmation,
For indeed what you will, it was, and what you did not will, it will not be. Thus, this exception is here to intend the confirmation,
لِكَوْنِهِمbecause theyلَمْdid notيَحْصُلُواattainلَهُمْto themمَطْلُوبَهُمْwhat they desiredالَّذِيwhichوَعُدُواthey were promisedبِهِwith itذَالكَthatالْعَامِ،year,
because they did not attain what they desired, which they were promised with that year,
وَأَمَّاAnd as forسَائِرِthe rest ofمَاwhatوَعُدُواthey were promisedبِهِ،with it,فَلَمْit was notيَكُنbe.
And as for the rest of what they were promised with it, it was not.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisتَنَازَعَdisputedالْفُقَهَاءُthe juristsفِيْمَنover whomأَرَادَintendedبِاسْتِثْنَائِهِwith his exceptionفِيinالْيَمِينِthe oathهَذَاthisالْمَعْنَى،meaning,
And for this, the jurists disputed over whom intended with his exception in the oath this meaning,
وَهُوَand it isالتَّحْقِيقُthe confirmationفِيinاسْتِثْنَائِهِhis exceptionلَاnoالتَّعْلِيقِsuspension.
and it is the confirmation in his exception, not the suspension.
هَلWhetherيَكُونُit isمُسْتَثْنًىexceptionalبِهِwith itأَمorتَلْزَمُهُis it obligatory for himالْكَفَّارَةُthe expiationإِذَاifحَنَثَ؟he swears falsely?
Whether it is exceptional with it, or is it obligatory for him the expiation if he swears falsely?
بِخِلَافِUnlikeمَنْone whoتَرَدَّدَتhas hesitationإِرَادَتُهin his willفَإِنَّهُfor indeedيَكُونُit isمُسْتَثْنًىexceptionalبِلاwithoutنِزَاعٍdispute,,وَالصَّحِيحُand the correctأَنَّهُis that itيَكُونُisفِيinالْجَمِيعِallمُسْتَثْنًى،exceptional,
Unlike one who has hesitation in his will, for indeed, it is exceptional without dispute, and the correct is that it is exceptional in all.
لِعُمُومِFor the generalityالْمَشِيئَةِ،of the will,وَلَأَنَّand becauseالرَّجُلَthe manوَإِنْalthoughكَانَتwasإِرَادَتُهhis willلِلْمَحْلُوفِfor the sworeبِهِupon itجَازِمَةً،decisive,فَقَدْit has beenعَلَّقَهَاattachedبِمَشِيئَةِby the willاللَّهِ،of Allah,,فَهُوَso heيَجْزِمُassertsبِإِرَادَتِهِ،with his will,لَهُfor himلَاnotيَجْزِمُassertsبِحُصُولِwith the occurrenceمَرَادِهِ،of what he intends,وَلَاand notهُوَhe isأَيْضًاalsoمُرِيدٌwishing itلَهُfor itبِتَقْدِيرٍby the estimationأَنْthatلَاnotيَكُونَbe.فَإِنَّForهَذَاthisتَمْيِيزٌis a distinctionلَاnotإِرَادَةٌa will.فَهُوَSo heإِنَّمَاonlyالتَزَمَهُhas committed himselfإِذَاifشَاءَHe willاللَّهُ،Allah,فَإِذَاso ifلَمْnotيَشَأْهwill it,لَمْnotيَلْتَزِمْhe will adhere to itبِيَمِينِهِby his oathوَلَاnorحَلَفَhe sworeأَنَّهُthat itيَكُونَwill beوَإِنْand ifكَانَتwasإِرَادَتُهhis willلَهُfor himجَازِمَةً،decisive,فَلَيْسَthen notكُلُّeverythingمَاwhatأُرِيدَis intendedالتَزَمَcommitted by an oath,بِالْيَمِينِby the oathفَلَاtherefore notكَفَّارَةٌan expiationعَلَيْهِ.is upon him.
For the generality of the will, and because the man was decisive in his will for what he swore upon, he attached it to the will of Allah, so he asserts with his will for him, he does not assert with the occurrence of his intention, and he is not also wishing it for him by the estimation that it will not be. For this is a distinction, not a will; therefore he has only committed himself if Allah wills it. Thus, if He does not will it, he will not adhere to it by his oath, nor does he swear that it will be, and if his will for it was decisive, then not everything that is intended is committed by an oath, therefore, there is no expiation upon him.
وَقَدْAnd it has beenتَبَيَّنَclarifiedبِمَاby whatذَكَرْنَاهwe have mentionedأَنَّthatقَوْلَthe sayingالْقَائِلِof the one speaking:: إِنIfشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُAllahيَكُونُit shall beمَعَwithكَمَالِcompleteإِرَادَتِهِHis willفِيinحُصُولِthe attainmentالْمَطْلُوبِ،of the desired,وَهُوَand it isيَقُولُهَاhe says itلِتَحْقِيقِto realizeالْمَطْلُوبِthe desiredلِاسْتِعَانَتِهِby his seeking helpبِاللَّهِwith Allahفِيinذَاكَ،that,لَاand notمَعَwithتَرَدُّدٍhesitation
And it has been clarified by what we have mentioned that the saying of the one speaking: If Allah wills, it shall be with the complete realization of His will for the attainment of the desired, and it is said to realize the desired by seeking help with Allah in that, and not with hesitation.