قَالَHe saidتَعَالَىMost High::﴿[وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoيُؤْتُونَgiveمَاwhatءَاتَواthey have been givenوَقُلُوبُهُمْand their heartsوَجِلَةٌare filled with fear﴾][المؤمنون:(Al-Mu'minun: ٦١]61]،,قَالَتْShe saidعَائِشَةُAisha::يَاOرَسُولَMessengerاللَّهِof AllahأَهُوَIs heالرَّجُلُthe manيَزْنِيwho commits adulteryوَيَسْرِقُand stealsوَيَشْرَبُand drinksالْخَمْرَalcoholوَيَخَافُ؟and fears?فَقَالَ:He said:«لا"NoيَاOبِنْتَdaughterالصِّدِّيقِ،of Al-Siddiq,بَلْbutهُوَheالرَّجُلُthe manيُصَلِّيpraysوَيَصُومُand fastsوَيَتَصَدَّقُand gives charityوَيَخَافُand fearsأَنْthatلَاnotيُتَقَبَّلَbe acceptedمِنْهُfrom him(۱).(1).وَرَوَىAnd Al-Khalal reportedالْخَلَالُ،Al-Khalal,عَنْfromأَبِيAbuطَالِبٍTalibقَالَ :he said:سَمِعْتُI heardأَبَاAbuعَبْدِاللَّهِAbdullahيَقُولُ :saying:لَاNoنَجِدُwe findبَدًلاan alternativeمِنَofالِاسْتِثْنَاءِ،the exception,لَأَنَّهُمْbecause theyإِذَاifقَالُوا :they said:مُؤْمِنٌ،believer,فَقَدْit hasجَاءَcomeبِالْقَوْلِ،with the saying,فَإِنَّمَاfor verilyالِاسْتِثْنَاءُthe exceptionبِالْعَمَلِis by actionلَاnotبِالْقَوْلِ.by saying.وَعَنْAnd aboutإِسْحَاقَIsaacابْنِbinإِبْرَاهِيمَIbrahim(۳)(3)قَالَ :he said:سَمِعْتُI heardأَبَاAbuعَبْدِاللَّهِAbdullahيَقُولُ :saying:أَذْهَبُI goإِلَىtoحَدِيثِthe hadithابْنِof IbnمَسْعُودٍMas'udفِيinالِاسْتِثْنَاءِthe exceptionفِيinالإِيمَانِ،faith,لِأَنَّbecauseالإِيمَانَfaithقَوْلٌis a sayingوَفِعْلٌ،and action,وَالْعَمَلُand the actionالْفِعْلُ،is the deed,فَقَدْthusجِئْنَاwe cameبِالْقَوْلِ،with the saying,وَنَخْشَىand we fearأَنْthatنَكُونَwe may beفَرَّطْنَاnegligentفِيinالْعَمَلِthe actionفَيُعْجِبُنِيtherefore I likeأَنْtoيَسْتَثْنِيmake an exceptionفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithيَقُولُ :saying:أَنَاI amمُؤْمِنٌa believerإِنْifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُAllahقَالَHe saidوَسَمِعْتُand I heardأَبَاAbuعَبْدِاللَّهِAbdullahـ-وَسُئِلَand he was askedعَنْaboutقَوْلِthe sayingالنَّبِيِّof the Prophetﷺpeace be upon him:: "وَإِنَّا"And weإِنْifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُAllahبِكُمْwith youلَاحِقُونَ»we shall follow" - الِاسْتِثْنَاءُthe exceptionهَناhereهُنَاكَis basedعَلَىonأَيِّwhatشَيْءٍthingيَقَعُ؟is it based?قَالَ :He said:عَلَىonالْبِقَاعِ،the places,لَاnotيَدْرِيknowsأَيُدْفَنُwhether he will be buriedفِيinالْمَوْضِعِthe placeالَّذِيthatسُلِّمَhe was greetedعَلَيْهِupon himأَمْorفِيinغَيْرِهِ.another.وَعَنْAnd aboutالْمَيْمُونِيِّAl-Maimuniأَنَّهُthat heسَأَلَaskedأَبَاAbuعَبْدِاللَّهِAbdullahعَنْaboutقَوْلِهِhis statementوَرَأْيِهِand his opinionفِي:regarding:مُؤْمِنٍA believerإِنْifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُ؟Allah?قَالَ :He said:أَقُولُ :I say:مُؤْمِنٌa believerإِنْifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُ،Allah,وَمُؤْمِنٌand a believerأَرْجُو،I hope,لِأَنَّهُbecause heلَاdoes notيَدْرِيknowكَيْفَhowالْبَرَاءَةُthe exemptionلِلْأَعْمَالِfrom actionsعَلَىonمَاwhatافْتَرَضَhe has requiredعَلَيْهَاupon himأَمْorلَا .not.وَمَثَلُAnd similarهَذَاthisكَثِيرٌis muchفِيinكَلَامِthe speechأَحْمَدَof Ahmadوَأَمْثَالِهِ،and his like,وَهَذَاand thisمُطَابِقٌis consistentلِمَاwith whatتَقَدَّمَhas precededمِنَfromأَنَّthatالْمُؤْمِنَthe believerالْمُطْلَقَabsoluteهُوَisالْقَائِمُthe one who fulfillsبِالْوَاجِبَاتِ،the obligations,الْمُسْتَحِقُّthe one deservingلِلْجَنَّةِof Paradiseإِذاifمَاتَhe diesعَلَىuponذَاكَ،that,وَأَنَّand thatالْمُفَرِّطَthe negligentبِتَرْكِin abandoningالْمَأْمُورِwhat is commandedأَوْorفِعْلِdoingالْمَحْظُورِwhat is prohibitedلَاnotيُطْلَقُis termedعَلَيْهِupon himأَنَّهُthat he isمُؤْمِنٌ،a believer,وَأَنَّand thatالْمُؤْمِنَthe believerالْمُطْلَقَabsoluteهُوَisالْبَرُّthe righteousالتَّقِيُّthe piousوَلِيُّa friend ofاللَّهِ،Allah,فَإِذاso ifقَالَ :he says:أَنَاI amمُؤْمِنٌa believerقَطْعًا،certainly,كَانَit is likeكَقَوْلِهِ :his saying:أَنَاI amبِرٌّrighteousتَقِيٌّand piousوَلِيٌّa friend ofاللَّهِAllahقَطْعًا.certainly.وَقَدْAnd indeedكَانَwasأَحْمَدُAhmadوَغَيْرُهُand othersمِنَofالسَّلفِthe salafمَعَalongside thisيَكْرَهُونَthey hateسُؤَالَaskingالرَّجُلِthe manلِغَيْرِهِto another:: أَمُؤْمِنٌAre you a believer?أَنْتَ؟You?وَيَكْرَهُونَAnd they dislikeالْجَوَابَ،the answer,لِأَنَّbecauseهَذِهِthisبِدْعَةٌis an innovationأُحْدِثَتْهَاintroducedالْمُرْجِئَةُby the Murji'aلِيَحْتَجُّواto argueبِهَاwith itلِقَوْلِهِم،for their saying,(1)(1) أَخْرَجَهُNarrated byالتُّرْمِذِيُّAl-Tirmidhiوَأَحْمَدُand Ahmedوَصَحَّحَهُand authenticated itالْحَاكِمُAl-Hakimوَوَافَقَهُand agreed with himالذَّهَبِيُّAl-Dhahabi[انظُرْ[Seeصَحِيحَthe authenticسُنَنِSunanالتُّرْمِذِيِّAl-Tirmidhi٢٥٣٧2537,وandصَحِيحَthe authenticسُنَنِSunanابْنِIbnمَاجَه،Majah٣٣٨٤،3384,وandمُسْنَدِthe Musnadالإِمَامِof Imamأَحْمَدَ،Ahmad,٢٥٢٥٠،25250,وَالْأَحَادِيثُand the ahadithالصَّحِيحَةُthe authentic١٦٢].162].(۲)(2) هُوَHe isرَاوِيthe transmitter ofمَسَائِلِissuesالإِمَامِof ImamأَحْمَدَAhmadتَحْقِيقٌverified byزُهَيْرٍZuhairالشَّاوِيْشِAl-Shawishطَبَعَprintedالْمَكْتَبَةِthe officeالإِسْلَامِيَّ.Islamic.٣٤٩349
Allah, the Most High, said: "And those who give what they have been given and their hearts are filled with fear." [Al-Mu'minun: 61]. Aisha said: O Messenger of Allah, is he the man who commits adultery, steals, and drinks alcohol and fears? He said: "No, O daughter of Al-Siddiq, but he is the man who prays, fasts, gives charity, and fears that it may not be accepted from him (1). Al-Khalal narrated from Abu Talib who said: I heard Abu Abdullah say: We do not find an alternative to the exception, because when they say: believer, they come with speech, thus the exception is by action, not by speech. And about Isaac bin Ibrahim (3) he said: I heard Abu Abdullah say: I go to the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud regarding the exception in faith, because faith is a saying and act, and the act is the deed, thus we came with speech, and we fear that we may be negligent in the act, therefore I like that he makes an exception in faith saying: I am a believer if Allah wills. He said: I heard Abu Abdullah - and he was asked about the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: "And we shall follow you if Allah wills" - the exception here is based on what? He said: On the places, he does not know if he will be buried in the place he was greeted upon or in another. And about Al-Maimuni that he asked Abu Abdullah about his statement and opinion regarding: A believer if Allah wills? He said: I say: a believer if Allah wills, and a believer I hope, because he does not know how the exemption for actions is based on what he has been required upon him or not. And similar to this is much in the speech of Ahmad and his likes, and this is consistent with what has preceded from that the absolute believer is the one who fulfills the obligations, deserving of Paradise if he dies on that, and that the negligent for abandoning what is commanded or doing what is prohibited is not termed as a believer, and that the absolute believer is the righteous, the pious, the friend of Allah. So if he says: I am certainly a believer, it is like saying: I am certainly righteous and pious, friend of Allah. And Ahmad and others from the salaf alongside this hate the question of a man to another: Are you a believer? And they dislike the answer, because this is an innovation that the Murji’a has introduced to argue with it for their saying (1) narrated by Al-Tirmidhi and Ahmad, authenticated by Al-Hakim and agreed with by Al-Dhahabi [see authentic Sunan Al-Tirmidhi 2537, and authentic Sunan Ibn Majah 3384, and Musnad of Imam Ahmad, 25250, and the authentic ahadith 162]. (2) He is the transmitter of issues from Imam Ahmad verified by Zuhair Al-Shawish printed by the Islamic Office. 349.