وَالْكَرَامِيَّةُ،And the Karamiyya,وَهُوَand it isاخْتِيَارُthe choiceأَبِيof AbuإِسْحَاقَIshaqالإِسْفَرَايِينِيِّthe Isfaraayiniوَكَلَامُand the wordsالْقَاضِيِof the judgeيَدُلُّindicateعَلَيْهِ.to it.
And the Karamiyya, which is the choice of Abu Ishaq the Isfaraayini, and the words of the judge indicate this.
قَالَHe said:: وَهُوَand it isاخْتِيَارُthe choiceشَيْخِنَاof our SheikhأَبِيAbuالمَعَالِي،Al-Maali,فَإِنَّهُfor heقَالَsaid:الإِيْمَانُFaithثَابِتٌis establishedفِيinالْحَالِthe situationقَطْعًاdefinitelyلَاnoشَكٌّdoubtفِيهِin it.
He said: It is the choice of our Sheikh Abu Al-Maali, for he said: Faith is definitely established in the situation without any doubt.
وَلَكِنَّButالإِيْمَانَthe faithالَّذِيwhichهُوَisعِلْمٌthe knowledgeالْفَوْزِof victoryوَآيَةٌand a signالْنَّجَاةِ،of salvation,إِيمَانٌfaithالْمُوَافَاةِ،of meeting,فَاعْتَنَىtherefore they caredالسَّلَفُthe predecessorsبِهِfor itوَقَرَنُوهُand linked itبِالِاسْتِثْنَاءِ،with exception,وَلَمْand did notيَقْصِدُواintendالشَّكَّdoubtفِيinالإِيْمَانِfaithالْنَّاجِزِ .that is fulfilled.
But the faith that is the knowledge of victory and a sign of salvation, the faith of meeting, therefore they cared for it and linked it with exception, and did not intend doubt in the fulfilled faith.
قَالَHe said:: وَمَنAnd whoeverصَارَhas becomeإِلَىtoهَذَاthisيَقُولُ:says:الإِيْمَانُFaithصِفَةٌis a characteristicيُشْتَقُّfrom which it derivesمِنْهَاits nameاسْمٌof the nameالْمُؤْمِنِ،of the believer,وَهُوَand it isالمَعْرِفَةُthe knowledgeوَالتَّصْدِيقُ،and the affirmation,كَمَاjust asأَنَّthatالْعَالِمَthe scholarيُشْتَقُّderivesمِنَfromالعِلْمِ،the knowledge,فَإِذَاso ifعَرَفْتَyou recognizeذَلِكَthatمِنْfromنَفْسِي،myself,قَطَعْتُI cut off،,كَمَاasقَطَعْتُI cut offبِأَنِّيthat I amعَالِمٌa scholarوَعَارِفٌand knowledgeableوَمُصَدِّقٌ،and affirming,فَإِنَّifوَرَدَcomesفِيinالمُسْتَقْبَلِthe futureمَاwhatيُزِيلُهُ،removes it,خَرَجَit exitsإِذْthenذَاكَthatعَنْfromاسْتِحْقَاقِthe entitlementهَذَاthisالوَصْفِdescriptionوَلَاand notيُقَالُis saidتَبَيَّنَاthat we have recognizedأَنَّهُthat itلَمْwas notيَكُنitإِيْمَانًاa faithمَأْمُورًاcommandedبِهِ،with it,بَلْbutكَانَwasإِيْمَانًاa faithمُجْزِئًا،that is sufficient,فَتَغَيَّرَthen it changesوَبَطَلَ،and became null.
He said: And whoever has become to this says: Faith is a characteristic from which the name of the believer is derived, and it is knowledge and affirmation, just as the scholar derives from knowledge. So if you recognize that from myself, I cut off, as I cut off that I am a scholar and knowledgeable and affirming. If what comes in the future removes it, it then exits from the entitlement to this description, and it is not said that we have recognized that it was not a commanded faith, but it was a sufficient faith, then it changes and becomes null.
وَلَيْسَAnd notكَذَلِكَlikewiseقَوْلُthe saying:: أَنَاI amمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالْجَنَّةِ،of Paradise,فَإِنَّfor indeedذَلِكَthatمُغَيَّبٌis hiddenعَنْهُfrom himوَهُوَand it isمَرْجُوٌّhopeful.
And not likewise the saying: I am of the people of Paradise, for indeed that is hidden from him and it is hopeful.
قَالَHe said:: وَمَنAnd whoeverصَارَhas becomeإِلَىtoالْقَوْلِthe sayingالأَوَّلِthe firstيَتَمَسَّكُholds on toبِأَشْيَاءِ،things,مِنْهَاof whichأَنْthatيُقَالَit is said:الإِيْمَانُFaithعِبَادَةٌis an act of worshipالْعُمُرِof lifeوَهُوَand it isكَطَاعَةٍlike obedienceوَاحِدَةٍoneفَيَتَوَقَّفُit reliesصِحَّةُthe correctnessأُولِهَاof its beginningعَلَىonسَلَامَةِthe soundnessآخِرِهَاof its endكَمَاjust asتَقُولُyou sayفِيinالصَّلَاةِprayerوَالصِّيَامِand fastingوَالْحَجِّ،and pilgrimage,قَالُوا:they said:وَلَاand noشَكٌّdoubtأَنَّهُthat itلَاdoes notيُسْمَىbe calledفِيinالْحَالِthe situationوَلِيًّا،a friend,وَلَاnorسَعِيدًا،happy,وَلَاnorمَرْضِيًّاpleasedعِندَwithاللَّهِ،God,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseالْكَافِرُthe disbelieverلَاdoes notيُسْمَىbe calledفِيinالْحَالِthe situationعَدُوًّاan enemyاللَّهِ،of God,وَلَاnorشَقِيًّاunhappyإِلَّاexceptعَلَىin the senseأَنَّهُthat heتَجْرِيrunsعَلَيْهِon himأَحْكَامُthe rulesالْأَعْدَاءِof the enemiesفِيinالْحَالِ،the situation,لِإِظْهَارِهِfor his showingمِنْfromنَفْسِهِhimselfعَلَامَتَهُمْ.their signs.
He said: And whoever has become to the first saying holds on to things, of which it is said: Faith is an act of worship of life and it is like one obedience, and its correctness relies on the soundness of its end, just as you say in prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage. They said: And no doubt that it does not be called in the situation a friend, nor happy, nor pleased with God. And likewise, the disbeliever is not called in the situation an enemy of God, nor unhappy except in the sense that the rules of the enemies run on him in the situation for his showing from himself their signs.
قُلْتُ:I said:: هَذَاThisالَّذِيwhichقَالُوهُthey saidإِنَّهُthat itلَاdoes notشَكٌّdoubtفِيهِin itهُوَit isقَوْلُthe sayingابْنِof IbnكِلَابٍKilaabوَالْأَشْعَرِيِّand Al-Ash'ariوَأَصْحَابِهِ،and his companions,وَمَنْand whoeverوَافَقَهُمْagrees with themمِنَfromأَصْحَابِthe followersأَحْمَدَof Ahmadوَمَالِكٍand Malikوَالْشَّافِعِيِّand Al-Shafi'iوَغَيْرِهِم،and others,وَأَمَّاand as forأَكْثَرُmostالنَّاسِ،people,فَيَقُولُونَ:they say:بَلْbutهُوَitإِذَاifكَانَwasكَافِرًاa disbelieverفَهُوَthen he isعَدُوٌّan enemyاللَّهَ،of God,ثُمَّthenإِذَاifآمَنَhe believesوَاتَّقَى،and fears [God],صَارَhe becomesوَلِيًّاa friend ofاللَّهِ،God,قَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:The Exalted said:يَأَيُّهَاOالَّذِينَthose whoآمَنُواhave believedلَاdo notتَتَّخِذُواtakeعَدُوِّيmy enemyوَعَدُوكُمْand your enemyأَوْلِيَاءَas allies,تُلْقُونَprovidingإِلَيْهِمto themبِالْمَوَدَّةِwith affectionوَقَدْwhileكَفَرُواthey disbelievedبِمَاin whatجَاءَكُمhas come to youمِّنَfromالْحَقِّthe truth,يُخْرِجُونَthey expelالرَّسُولَthe Messengerوَإِيَّاكُمْand youأَنthat youتُؤْمِنُواbelieveبِاللَّهِin Allahرَبِّكُمْyour Lord,إِنifكُنتُمْyou areخَرَجْتُمْyou have gone outجِهَادًاstrivingفِيinسَبِيلِيmy causeوَابْتِغَاءِand seekingمَرْضَاتِي،my pleasure.تُسِرُّونَYou seek to pleaseإِلَيْهِمto themبِالْمَوَدَّةِwith affection.وَأَنَاAnd Iأَعْلَمُknowبِمَاwhatأَخْفَيْتُمْyou have concealedوَمَاand whatأَعْلَنْتُمْyou have revealedوَمَنAnd whoeverيَفْعَلْهُdoes itمِنكُمْamong youفَقَدْthen he hasضَلَّstrayedسَوَاءًaway fromالسَّبِيلِthe path.إِنIfيَنْقَفُوكُمْthey can overpower youيَكُونُواthey beلَكُمْfor youأَعْدَاءًenemiesوَيَبْسُطُواand they spread outإِلَيْكُمْto youأَيْدِيَهُمْtheir handsوَأَلْسِنَتَهُمْand their tonguesبِالسُّوءِ.with evil.وَوَدُّواAnd they wishedلَوْifتَكْفُرُونَyou disbelieve.لَنْNotتَنفَعَكُمْwill benefit youأَرْحَامُكُمْyour relativesوَلَاand noأَوْلَادُكُمْyour childrenيَوْمَon the Dayالْقِيَامَةِof Judgement.يَفْصِلُwill separateبَيْنَكُمْbetween you.وَاللَّهُAnd Allahبِمَاwith whatتَعْمَلُونَyou doبَصِيرٌis All-Seer.قَدْIndeed, thereكَانَتْwasلَكُمfor youأَسْوَةٌa good exampleحَسَنَةٌgood.
I said: What they said: there is no doubt in it is the saying of Ibn Kilaab and Al-Ash'ari and his companions, and whoever agrees with them from the followers of Ahmad, Malik, Al-Shafi'i and others. As for most of the people, they say: but if it is a disbeliever, then he is an enemy of God, then if he believes and fears [God], he becomes a friend of God, as He, the Exalted, said: "O those who have believed, do not take my enemy and your enemy as allies, providing affection to them while they disbelieved in what has come to you from the truth; they expel the Messenger and you, that you believe in Allah your Lord, if you have gone out striving in my cause and seeking my pleasure. You seek to please them with affection, and I know what you have concealed and what you have revealed. And whoever does it among you, then he has strayed away from the path. If they can overpower you, they be for you enemies and they spread out to you their hands and their tongues with evil. And they wished if you dis-believe, not will benefit you your relatives and no your children on the Day of Judgment. It will separate between you. And Allah is All-Seer of what you do. Indeed, there was for you a good example.