الكَبَائِرِthe major sinsالَّذِينَthose whoيَدْخُلُونَenterالنَّارَ،the Fire,فَلَاso notيُلْزَمُrequiredإِذَاifوَافَىone arrivesبِالإِيمَانِ،with faith,أَنْthatيَكُونَhe isمِنْofأَهْلِthe people ofالْجَنَّةِ،Paradise,وَهَذَاand thisاللازِمُnecessaryلِقَوْلِهِمْfor their statementيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىtoفَسَادِهِ،its invalidity,لِأَنَّbecauseاللَّهَAllahوَعَدَpromisedالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersبِالْجَنَّةِ،with Paradise,وَكَذَٰلِكَand likewiseقَالُوا:they said:لَاnotسِيمَاespeciallyوَاللَّهُand Allahسُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىthe Most High and Almightyيَقُولُ:says:﴿(وَعَدَPromiseاللَّهُof Allahالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersوَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِand the believing womenجَنَّةً)Paradise)[التوبة : ٧٢].[Al-Tawbah: 72].
The major sins are committed by those who will enter the Fire, but it is not required that if one arrives with faith, he is of the people of Paradise. This necessary conclusion from their statement indicates its invalidity, because Allah promised the believers Paradise, and likewise they said: not especially, for Allah, the Most High and Almighty, says: (Allah has promised the believers and the believing women Paradise) [Al-Tawbah: 72].
قَالَ:He said:فَهَؤُلَاءِThese are--يَعْنِيmeaningالْقَائِلِينَthose who saidبِالْوَافَاةِby the arrivalجَعَلُواmadeالثَّبَاتَthe stabilityعَلَىonهَذَاthisالتَّصْدِيقِ،belief,وَالْإِيمَانِand faithالَّذِيthat whichوَصَفْنَاهُwe describedإِلَىtoالْعَاقِبَةِthe outcomeوَالْوَفَاءِand adherenceبِهِto itفِيinالْمَآلِthe endشَرْطًاa conditionفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithشَرْعًا،legally,لَاnotلُغَةً،linguistically,وَلَاnorعَقْلًا.rationally.قَالَ:He said:وَهَذَاand thisمَذْهَبٌdoctrineسَلَفٌof the predecessorsأَصْحَابُthe companions ofالْحَدِيثِhadithوَالْمُكْثِرِينَ،and most.قَالَ:He said:وَهُوَand it isاخْتِيَارُthe choice ofالإِمَامِthe ImamأَبِيAbuبَكْرٍBakrبْنِbinفُورَكٍ،Fork,وَكَانَand wasالإِمَامُthe ImamمُحَمَّدٌMuhammadبْنِbinإِسْحَاقَIshaqبْنِbinخُزَيْمَةَKhuzaimahيَغْلُوwas extremeفِيهَا،in it,وَكَانَand he wasيَقُولُ:saying:مَنْwhoeverقَالَ:said:أَنَاI amمُؤْمِنٌa believerحَقًّا،truly,فَهُوَhe isمُبْتَدِعٌ.an innovator.
He said: These - meaning those who said by the arrival - made the stability in this belief, and the faith we described to the outcome and adherence to it in the end a condition in faith legislated, not linguistically nor rationally. He said: And this is the doctrine of the predecessors of the companions of hadith and the majority. He said: And it is the choice of Imam Abu Bakr bin Fork, and the Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Khuzaimah was extreme in it, and he used to say: Whoever says: I am a believer truly, he is an innovator.
وَأَمَّاAs forمَذْهَبُthe doctrineسَلَفٍof the predecessorsأَصْحَابِthe companions ofالْحَدِيثِhadithكَابْنِlike Ibnمَسْعُودٍ،Mas'ud,وَأَصْحَابِهِ،and his companions,وَالثَّوْرِيِّand Al-Thawriوَابْنِand IbnعُيَيْنَةَUyaynahوَأَكْثَرَand mostعُلَمَاءِscholarsالكُوفَةِ،of Kufa,وَيَحْيَىand YahyaبْنِbinسَعِيدٍSaidالْقَطَّانِthe Qattanفِيْمَاin whatيَرْوِيhe narratesعَنْ.from.أَهْلِthe people ofالْبَصْرَةِ،Basra,وَأَحْمَدَand AhmadبْنِbinحَنْبَلٍHanbalوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersمِنْfromأَئِمَّةِthe Imamsالسُّنَّةِ،of Sunnah,فَكَانُواthey wereيَسْتَثْنُونَmaking exceptionsفِيinالإِيمَانِ،faith,وَهَذَاand thisمُتَوَاتِرٌis well-knownعَنْهُمْabout themلَكِنْbutلَيْسَthere is notفِيinهَـؤُلَاءِtheseمَنْfromقَالَ:who said:أَنَاI amأَسْتَثْنِيmaking an exceptionلِأَجْلِfor the sake ofالْمَوَافَاةِ،the arrival,وَأَنَّand thatالإِيمَانَfaithإِنَّمَاis onlyهُوَthatاسْمٌthe nameلِمَاfor whatيُوَافِيone arrivesبِهِto himالْعَبْدُthe servantرَبَّهُ،his Lord,بَلْratherصَرَّحَthey statedأَئِمَّةُthe Imamsهَـؤُلَاءِtheseبِأَنَّthatالاِسْتِثْنَاءَexceptionإِنَّمَاis onlyهُوَthatلِأَنَّbecauseالإِيمَانَfaithيَتَضَمَّنُincludesفِعْلَthe action ofالْوَاجِبَاتِ،the obligations,فَلَاand does notيَشْهَدُونَwitnessلِأَنفُسِهِمْfor themselvesبِذَلِكَ،with that,كَمَاjust asلَاnotيَشْهَدُونَwitnessلَهَاfor itبِالْبَرِّby the righteousnessوَالتَّقْوَىand pietyفَإِنَّfor indeedذَلِكَthatمِمَّاfrom whatلَاnotيَعْلَمُونَهُthey know,وَهُوَand it isتَزْكِيَةٌa glorificationلِأَنفُسِهِمْfor themselvesبِلَاwithoutعِلْمٍknowledgeكَمَاjust asسَنَذْكُرُwe will mentionأَقْوَالَهُمْtheir statementsإِنْ شَاءَ اللّهُif Allah willsفِيinذَلِكَ.that.
As for the doctrine of the predecessors of the companions of hadith like Ibn Mas'ud, and his companions, and Al-Thawri, and Ibn Uyaynah, and most scholars of Kufa, and Yahya bin Said the Qattan in what he narrates from the people of Basra, and Ahmad bin Hanbal and others from the Imams of Sunnah, they made exceptions in faith, and this is well-known about them. But there is not among these anyone who said: I am making an exception for the sake of the arrival, and that faith is only the name for what the servant arrives with to his Lord. Rather, these Imams stated that the exception is only because faith includes the actions of the obligations, and thus they do not witness for themselves with that, just as they do not witness for it by righteousness and piety, for indeed that is from what they do not know, and it is a glorification for themselves without knowledge, as we will mention their statements if Allah wills in that.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forالْمَوَافَاةِ،the arrival,فَمَاI do notعَلِمْتُknowأَحَدًاanyoneمِنَfromالسَّلَفِthe predecessorsعَلَّلُواmade excusesبِهَاwith it,الْاسْتِثْنَاءَ،the exception,وَلَكِنَّbutكَثِيرٌmanyمِنَofالْمُتَأَخِّرِينَthe later onesيُعَلِّلُونَexcuseبِهَاwith itمِنْfromأَصْحَابِthe companions ofالْحَدِيثِhadithمِنْfromأَصْحَابِthe companions ofأَحْمَدَAhmadوَمَالِكٍand Malikوَالشَّافِعِيِّand Al-Shafi'iوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersكَمَاasيُعَلِّلُونَexcuseبِهَاwith itنَظَرَاهُمْthe proponentsكَأَبِيlike AbuالْحَسَنِAl-HasanالْأَشْعَرِيِّAl-Ash'ariوَأَكْثَرَand mostأَصْحَابِهِ،of his companions,لَكِنَّbutلَيْسَthere is notهَذَاthisقَوْلٌsayingسَلَفٍof the predecessorsأَصْحَابِthe companions ofالْحَدِيثِ.hadith.
As for the arrival, I do not know anyone from the predecessors who made excuses for the exception with it, but many of the later ones excuse it from among the companions of hadith including the companions of Ahmad, Malik, Al-Shafi'i, and others as their proponents excuse it like Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ash'ari and most of his companions, but this is not the statement of the predecessors of the companions of hadith.
ثُمَّThenقَالَ:he said:فَإِنَّIfقَالَsaidقَائِلٌ:one who says:إِذَاifقُلْتُمْ:you said:إِنَّthat indeedالإِيمَانَthe faithالْمَأْمُورَcommandedبِهِwith it,فِيinالشَّرِيعَةِ،the Shari'ah,هُوَisمَاwhatوَصَفْتُمُوهُyou describedبِشَرَائِطٍ،with conditions,وَلَيْسَand is notذَٰلِكَthatمُتَلَقًّىderivedمِنَfromاللُّغَةِ،the language,فَكَيْفَhowيَسْتَقِيمُis correctقَوْلُكُمْ:your statement:إِنَّthat indeedالإِيمَانَthe faithلُغَوِيٌّ؟is linguistic?قُلْنَا:We said:الإِيمَانَthe faithهُوَisالتَّصْدِيقُthe confirmationلُغَةًlinguisticallyوَشَرْعًا،and legally,غَيْرَ أَنْexcept thatالشَّرْعَthe Shari'ahضَمَّincludesإِلَىtoمَاwhatوَصَفْتُمُوهُyou describedبِشَرَائِطٍ.with conditions.
Then he said: If one who says: If you said: the faith commanded in the Shari'ah, is what you described with conditions, and is not derived from the language, then how is your statement: that faith is linguistic? We said: Faith is the confirmation linguistically and legally, except that Shari'ah includes what you described with conditions.