كَلَامٌSpeechاللَّهِof Allahغَيْرُnotمَخْلُوقٌcreated
The speech of Allah is not created.
ثُمَّThenقَالُواthey said::إِنَّهُIndeed, itقَدِيمٌis eternalلَمْnotيَتَكَلَّمْspeakبِهِwith itبِمَشِيئَتِهِby His willوَقُدْرَتِهِand His power،,ثُمَّthenاِخْتَلَفُواthey disagreedبَعْدَafterهَذَاthisفِيinالْقَدِيمِthe eternal,,أَهُوَIs itمَعْنًىone meaning?واحِدٌone?أَمْorحُرُوفٌlettersقَدِيمَةٌancientمَعَwithتَعَاقُبِهَاtheir succession?
Then they said: indeed, it is eternal; He did not speak with it by His will and His power, and then they disagreed after this about the eternal, is it one meaning? Or ancient letters with their succession?
كَمَاAsبَسَطْتُI elaboratedأَقْوَالَهُمْtheir statementsوَأَقْوَالَand the statementsغَيْرِهِمof othersفِيinمَوَاضِعِother placesأُخْرَى.
As I elaborated their statements and the statements of others in other places.
طَائِفَةٌA group
A group.
وَهَذِهِAnd thisالطَّائِفَةُgroupالْمُتَأَخِّرَةُrecentتُنَكِّرُdeniesأَنْthatيُقَالَit is said::قَطْعًاdefinitelyفِيinشَيْءٍsomethingمِنَofالأَشْيَاءِthe things،,مَعَwithغُلُوِّهِمْtheir excessivenessفِيinالِاسْتِثْنَاءِexception،,حَتَّىuntilصَارَit becameهَذَاthisاللَّفْظُtermمُنْكَرًاdisputedعِندَهُمْamong them,,وَإِنْand ifقَطَعُواthey affirmedبِالْمَعْنَىin meaningفَيَجْزِمُونَthey assertبِأَنَّthatمُحَمَّدًاMuhammadرَسُولُis the Messengerاللَّهِof Allah،,وَأَنَّand thatاللَّهَAllahرَبُّهُمْis their Lordوَلَاand they do notيَقُولُونَsay::قَطْعًاdefinitely،,وَقَدْandاجْتَمَعُواmetبِيwith me.
And this recent group denies that it is said: definitely in something of the things, with their excessiveness in the exception, until this term became disputed among them, and if they affirmed in meaning, they assert that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and that Allah is their Lord, and they do not say: definitely, and they met with me.
فَأَنْكَرْتُSo I deniedعَلَيْهِمْupon them,,وَامْتَنَعْتُand I refrainedمِنْfromفِعْلِdoingمَطْلُوبِهِمtheir requestحَتَّىuntilيَقُولُواthey say::قَطْعًاdefinitely،,وَأَحْضَرُواand they broughtلِيto meكِتَابًاa bookفِيهُin itأَحَادِيثَhadithsعَنْaboutالنَّبِيِّthe Prophet،,أَنَّهُthat heنَهَىforbadeأَنْthatيَقُولَa man says::قَطْعًاdefinitely،,أَحَادِيثُhadithsمَوْضُوعَةٌfabricatedمُخْتَلَقَةٌinvented,,قَدْthat
So I denied upon them, and I refrained from doing their request until they say: definitely, and they brought to me a book in it about the hadiths of the Prophet that he forbade a man to say: definitely, fabricated hadiths invented by some of the recent ones.
مِنْهُمْAmong them،,وَهِيَand it isالْمَقْصُودُwhat is meantهُنَاhereأَنْthatالِاسْتِثْنَاءَthe exceptionفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithلَمَّاwhenعَلَّلَexplainedمِثْلَlikeتِلْكَthatالْعِلَّةَreason,,طَرَدَexcludedأَقْوَامًاgroupsتِلْكَthatالْعِلَّةَreasonفِيinالأَشْيَاءِthe thingsالَّتِيwhichلَاnotيَجُوزُis permissibleالِاسْتِثْنَاءُexceptionفِيهَاin itبِإِجْمَاعِby consensusالْمُسْلِمِينَof Muslims,,بِنَاءًbasedعَلَىonأَنْthatالأَشْيَاءِthe thingsالْمَوْجُودَةَexistingالْآنَnowإِذَاifكَانَتْwereفِيinعِلْمِknowledgeاللَّهِof Allahتَتَبَدَّلُchangeأَحْوَالُهَاits conditions,,فَيُسْتَثْنَىthen it is exceptionalفِيinصِفَاتِهَاits attributesالْمَوْجُودَةِexistingفِيinالْحَالِthe stateوَيُقَالُand it is saidهَذَاthisصَغِيرٌsmallإِنْifشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُAllah,,لِأَنَّbecauseاللَّهَAllahقَدْmayيَجْعَلَهُmake himكَبِيرًاbig،,وَيُقَالُand it is saidهَذَاthisمَجْنُونٌcrazyإِنْifشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُAllah،,لِأَنَّbecauseاللَّهَAllahقَدْmayيَجْعَلَهُmake himعَاقِلًاsane,,وَيُقَالُand it is saidلِلْمُرْتَدِّto the apostate::هَذَاthisكَافِرٌinfidelإِنْifشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُAllahلِإِمْكَانِbecause it is possibleأَنْtoيَتُوبَrepent.وَهَـؤُلَاءِAnd theseالَّذِينَwhoاسْتَثْنَوْاexcludedفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithبِنَاءًbasedعَلَىonهَذَاthisالمَّأْخَذِbasis,,ظَنُّواthoughtهَذَاthisقَوْلٌsayingالسَّلَفِthe predecessorsوَهَـؤُلَاءِand theseوَأَمْثَالُهُمْand their likesمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالْكَلاَمof speechيَنْصُرُونَsupportمَاwhatظَهَرَhas appearedمِنَofدِينِthe religionالإِسْلَامِIslam,,كَمَاjust asيَنْصُرُsupportذَاكَthatتَارَكَةِthe Mu'tazilitesوَالْجَهْمِيَّةُand the Jahmitesوَغَيْرُهُمْand othersمِنَofالْمُتَكَلِّمِينَthe theologians,,فَيَنْصُرُونَthey supportإِثْبَاتَthe affirmationالصَّانِعِof the creatorوَالنُّبُوَّةِand of prophecyوَالْمِعَادِand resurrection,,وَنَحْوِand so onذَاكَthat,,وَيَنْصُرُونَand they supportمَعَalong withذَاكَthatمَاwhatظَهَرَhas appearedمِنَofمَذَاهِبِthe doctrinesأَهْلِof the peopleالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnahوَالْجَمَاعَةِand the communityكَمَاjust asيَنْصُرُونَsupportذَاكَthatالْكُلَابِيَّةِthe Kullabitesوَالْكَرَامِيَّةِand the Karamitesوَالْأَشْعَرِيَّةِand the Ash'aritesوَنَحْوَهُمْand similar to them,,فَيَنْصُرُونَthey supportأَنْthatالْقُرْآنَthe Qur'anكَلَامٌis the speechاللَّهِof Allahغَيْرُnotمَخْلُوقٌcreated,,وَأَنَّand thatاللَّهَAllahيُرَىis seenفِيinالآخِرَةِthe Hereafter,,وَأَنَّand thatأَهْلَthe peopleالْقِبْلَةِof the qiblahلَاnotيُكَفِّرُونَdisbelieveبِالذَّنْبِby sin,,وَلَاand they do notيُخَلَّدُونَremain eternallyفِيinالنَّارِthe fire,,وَأَنَّand thatالنَّبِيَّthe Prophetﷺpeace be upon himلَهُhasشَفَاعَةٌintercessionفِيforأَهْلِthe peopleالْكَبَائِرِof the major sins,,وَأَنَّand thatفِتْنَةَthe trialالْقَبْرِof the graveحَقٌّis true,,وَعَذَابَand the punishmentالْقَبْرِof the graveحَقٌّis true,,وَحَوْضَand the basinنَبِيِّنَاof our Prophetفِيinالآخِرَةِthe Hereafterحَقٌّis true,,وَأَمْثَالٌand similarذَاكَthatمِنَofالأَقْوَالِthe statementsالَّتِيwhichشَاعَis widespreadأَنَّهَاthat they areمِنَofأُصُولِthe fundamentalsأَهْلِof the peopleالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnahوَالْجَمَاعَةِand the communityكَمَاjust asيَنْصُرُونَthey supportخِلَافَةَthe caliphateالْخُلَفَاءِof the caliphsالأَرْبَعَةِthe four,,وَفَضِيلَةَand the virtueأَبِيof AbuبَكْرٍBakrوَعُمَرَand Umar,,وَنَحْوِand similarذَاكَthat.
Among them, and what is meant here is that the exception in faith when it was explained like that reason, it excluded groups based on that reason in the things that it is not permissible to be exempted by consensus of Muslims, based on the fact that the existing things now, if they were in the knowledge of Allah, their conditions change, then it is exceptional in their existing attributes in the state, and it is said: this is small if Allah wills, because Allah may make him big, and it is said: this is crazy if Allah wills, because Allah may make him sane, and it is said to the apostate: this is infidel if Allah wills because it is possible to repent. And those who excluded in faith based on this basis thought that this was the saying of the predecessors, and these and their likes from the people of speech support what has appeared of the religion of Islam, just as the Mu'tazilites, Jahmites, and others of the theologians support the affirmation of the creator, the prophecy, and resurrection, and so on; and they support along with that what has appeared of the doctrines of the people of the Sunnah and the community, just as the Kullabites, Karamites, Ash'arites and similar to them support that the Qur'an is the speech of Allah not created, and that Allah is seen in the Hereafter, and that the people of the qiblah do not disbelieve by sin, and they are not eternally present in the fire, and that the Prophet has intercession for the people of major sins, and that the trial of the grave is true, and the punishment of the grave is true, and the basin of our Prophet in the Hereafter is true, and similar statements that are widespread that they are of the fundamentals of the people of the Sunnah and the community just as they support the caliphate of the four caliphs, and the virtue of Abu Bakr and Umar, and similar.