أَحَدُهُمَاOne of them(۱): (1)أَنْThatالإِيمَانُfaithهُوَisمَاwhatمَاتَdiesعَلَيْهupon itالإِنْسَانُthe humanوَالْإِنْسَانُand the humanإِنَّمَاonlyيَكُونُisعِندَwithاللَّهِAllahمُؤْمِنًاa believerوَكَافِرًاand a disbeliever،,بِاعْتِبَارٍconsideringالمُوَافَاةِthe meetingوَمَاand whatسَبَقَprecededفِيinعِلْمِknowledgeاللَّهِAllahأَنَّهُthat heيَكُونُisعَلَيْهupon him،,وَمَاand whatقَبْلَbeforeذَٰلِكَthatلَاnoعِبْرَةٌconsiderationبِهِfor it.
One of them (1): That faith is what a human dies upon. The human is only considered with Allah as a believer or a disbeliever, considering the meeting and what has preceded in Allah's knowledge that he will be upon it. What comes before that is not taken into account.
قَالُواThey saidوَالْإِيمَانُand the faithالَّذِيthatيَتْعَقَّبُهُfollowsالكُفْرُdisbelief,,فَيَمُوتُso that he diesصَاحِبَهُhis companionكَافِرًاa disbeliever،,لَيْسَis notبِإِيْمَانٍconsidered faithكَالصَّلَاةِlike the prayerالَّتِيthatيُفْسِدُهَاis invalidated byصَاحِبُهَاits ownerقَبْلَbeforeالكَمَالِcompletion،,وَكَالصِّيَامِand like fastingالَّذِيthatيُفْطِرُbreaks fastصَاحِبَهُits ownerقَبْلَbeforeالْغُرُوبِsunset،,وَصَاحِبُand the ownerهَذَاthisهُوَisعِندَwithاللَّهِAllahكَافِرٌa disbelieverلِعِلْمِهِfor his knowledgeبِمَاof whatيَمُوتُhe diesعَلَيْهupon it،,وَكَذَٰلِكَand likewiseقَالُواthey saidفِيaboutالْكُفْرِdisbelief،,وَهَذَاand thisالْمَأْخَذُapproachمَأْخَذٌapproachكَثِيرٌmanyمِنَofالْمُتَأَخِّرِينَthe later onesمِنَfromالْكُلَّابِيَّةِthe Kullabiyyahوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersمِمَّنْfrom whomيُرِيدُونَwantأَنْtoيَنْصُرُواsupportمَاwhatاشْتَهَرَbecame popularعَنْfromأَهْلِthe people ofالسُّنَّةِthe Sunnahوَالْحَدِيثِand Hadith،,مِنْofقَوْلِهِمtheir saying:: أَنَاI amمُؤْمِنٌa believerإِنْ شَاءَif Allah willsاللَّهُand he wantsمَعَwithذَٰلِكَthatأَلَّاthat notالإِيمَانُfaithلَاnotيَتَفَاضَلُdifferentiates،,وَلَاand notيَشُكُّdoubtالإِنْسَانُthe humanفِيinالْمَوْجُودِthe existentمِنْهُof itوَإِنَّمَاbut ratherيَشُكُّdoubtفِيinالْمُسْتَقْبَلِthe future،,وَانْضَمَّand they joinedإِلَىtoذَٰلِكَthatأَنَّهُمْthat theyيَقُولُونَsay:: مَحَبَّةُthe loveاللَّهِAllahوَرِضَاهُand His pleasureوَسَخَطَهُand His angerوَبُغْضَهُand His hatredقَدِيمٌeternal.
They said: and the faith that is followed by disbelief, so that his companion dies a disbeliever, is not considered faith like the prayer that is invalidated by its owner before completion, and like fasting that breaks his fast before sunset. And the owner of this is with Allah a disbeliever for his knowledge of what he dies upon. And likewise, they said about disbelief. This approach is taken by many of the later ones from the Kullabiyyah and others who want to support what has become popular among the people of Sunnah and Hadith, from their saying: I am a believer if Allah wills. And they want with that that faith is not differentiated, and that the human does not doubt what exists of it but doubts what is in the future. Moreover, they say: The love of Allah and His pleasure, His anger, and His hatred are eternal.
ثُمَّThenهَلْis itذَٰلِكَthatهُوَisالإِرَادَةُthe willأَمْorصِفَاتٌother attributesأُخْرَىother؟?لَهُمْThey haveفِيinذَٰلِكَthatقَوْلَانِtwo sayings،,وَأَكْثَرُand mostقَدَمَائِهِمof their ancientsيَقُولُونَsay:: إِنَّthatالرَّضَاthe pleasureوَالسَّخَطُand the angerوَالغَضَبُand the rageوَنَحْوُand similarذَٰلِكَto thatصِفَاتٌattributesلَيْسَتْare notهِىَtheyالإِرَادَةَthe will،,كَمَاjust asأَنْthatالسَّمْعَhearingوَالبَصَرَand sightلَيْسَis notهُوَitالعِلْمَknowledge،,وَكَذَٰلِكَand likewiseالْوِلَايَةُthe guardianship،,وَالْعَدَاوَةُand enmityهَذِهِtheseكُلُّهَاallصِفَاتٌattributesقَدِيمَةٌeternalأَزَلِيَّةٌtimelessعِندَwithأَبِيAbuمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadعَبْدِ اللَّهِAbdullahبِنْbinسَعِيدٍSaidابْنِIbnكُلَابٍKalabوَمَنْand fromاتَّبَعُوهُhis followersمِنَfromالْمُتَكَلِّمِينَthe theologiansوَمِنَand fromأَتْبَاعِthe followersالْمَذَاهِبِof the schools of thoughtمِنَofالْحَنَبَلِيَّةِthe Hanbalisوَالشَّافِعِيَّةِand the Shafi’itesوَالْمَالِكِيَّةِand the Malikisوَغَيْرِهِمand others.
Then, is that the will or other attributes? They have two sayings in that, and most of their ancients say: that the pleasure, anger, and wrath and similar are attributes that are not the will, just as hearing and seeing are not knowledge. Likewise, the guardianship and enmity are all timeless eternal attributes with Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Said bin Kalab and those who followed him from the theologians and followers of the schools of thought of the Hanbalis, Shafi’ites, Malikis, and others.
قَالُواThey said:: وَاللَّهُAnd AllahيُحِبُّlovesفِيinأَزَلِهِHis eternityمَنْwhoكَانَwasكَافِرًاa disbelieverإذاifعَلِمَHe knowsأَنَّهُthat heيَمُوتُwill dieمُؤْمِنًاa believer،,فَالْصَّحَابَةُso the companionsمَاwere notزَالُواdislikedمَحْبُوبِينَbelovedاللَّهِby Allahوَإِنْand ifكَانُواthey wereقَدْhaveعَبَدُواworshipedالأَصْنَامَidolsمُدَّةًfor a periodمِنَofالدَّهْرِtimeوَإِبْلِيسُAnd Iblisمَاhas notزَالَleftاللَّهَAllahيُبْغِضُهُdislikes himوَإِنْand ifكَانَhe wasيَكْفُرُdisbelievesبَعْدَafterهَذَاthisعَلَىonأَحَدِone ofالَّقَوْلَيْنِthe two sayingsلَهُمْthey have،,فَالرِّضَاso the pleasureوَالسَّخَطُand angerيَرْجِعُreturnsإِلَىtoالإِرَادَةِthe willوَإِرَادَةٌand willتُطَابِقُmatchesالعِلْمَknowledge.
They said: And Allah loves in His eternity those who were disbelievers if He knows that they will die as believers. So the companions were always beloved by Allah even if they worshiped idols for a period of time, and Iblis has always been hated by Allah even if he disbelieves after this, according to one of their sayings. Thus, pleasure and anger return to the will, and the will matches knowledge.
فَالْمَعْنَىSo the meaning:: مَاwhatزَالَhas not ceasedاللَّهُAllahأَنْtoيُرِيدَwillيُثِيبَrewardهَؤُلَاءِtheseبَعْدَafterإِيمَانِهِمtheir faithوَيُعَاقِبَand punishإِبْلِيسَIblisبَعْدَafterكُفْرِهِمhis disbelief،,وَهَذَاand thisمَعْنَىmeaningصَحِيحٌis correct,,فَإِنَّfor surelyاللَّهَAllahيُرِيدُwantsأَنْtoيَخْلُقَcreateكُلَّeverythingمَاthat whichعَلِمَHe knowsأَنَّهُthat heسَيَخْلُفُهُwill replace itوَعَلَىand according toقَوْلِthe sayingمِنof those whoيُثْبِتُونَهَاaffirm the existence of itصِفَاتٌattributesأُخْرَىother،,يَقُولُhe saysأَيْضًاalso:: هُوَIt isحُبُّهُHis loveتَابِعٌfollowsلِمَنto whomيُرِيدُwantsأَنْtoيُثِيبَهُreward himفَكُلُّSo everyoneمَنْof whomأَرَادَwantsإِثَابَتَهُto reward him،,فَهُوَheيُحِبُّهُloves himوَكُلُّand everyoneمَنْof whomأَرَادَwantsعُقُوبَتَهُto punish him،,فَإِنَّهُthen surelyيُبْغِضُهُdislikes him،,وَهَذَاand thisتَابِعٌfollowsلِلْعِلْمِthe knowledge،,وَهَؤُلَاءِand theseعِندَهُمْwith themلَاdo notيَرْضَىpleasعَنْaboutأَحَدٍanyoneبَعْدَafterأَنْhe wasسَاخِطًاangryعَلَيْهِwith him،,وَلَاand notيَفْرَحُrejoiceبِتَوْبَةِwith the repentanceعَبْدٍof a servantبَعْدَafterأَنْhe has repentedتَوْبَتَهُof him،,بَلbutمَاratherزَالَhas not ceasedيَفْرَحُto rejoiceبِتَوْبَتَهِwith his repentance،,وَالْفَرَحُand joyعِندَهُمْwith themإِمَّاis eitherالإِرَادَةُthe willوَإِمَّاorالرِّضَاpleasureالمَعْنَىthe meaning:: مَاwhatزَالَhas not ceasedيُرِيدُto wantإِثْبَاتَهُto affirm it(۱)(1)سَيَأْتِيwill comeالْمَأْخَذُthe approachالثَّانِيthe secondفِيinالصَّفْحَةِthe page٣٤٨348
So the meaning: what has not ceased Allah to want is to reward these after their faith and punish Iblis after his disbelief, and this meaning is correct, for Allah wants to create everything that He knows he will replace. And according to the saying of those who affirm the existence of other attributes, he also says: It is His love that follows whom He wants to reward. So everyone who wants to reward him, he loves him, and everyone who wants to punish him, then surely he dislikes him. And this follows the knowledge, and these with them do not please about anyone after he was angry with them, and not rejoice with the repentance of a servant after he repented. But rather, he has not ceased to rejoice with his repentance. And joy for them is either the will or pleasure. The meaning: what has not ceased is to want to affirm it (1) the second approach will come on page 348.