غَيْرَnotمُمْكِنٍpossible،,وَهَذَاand thisمِمَّاis from whatاسْتَدَلُّواthey inferredبِهِwith itعَلَىthatأَنَّthatالرَّبَّthe Lordتَعَالَىmay He be exaltedلَاdoes notيَتَصَوَّرُimaginedقِيَامَthe existenceالْكَذِبِof falsehoodبِذَاتِهِin itself,,لِأَنَّهُbecause it isبِكُلِّwith everyشَيْءٍthingعَلِيْمٍAll-Knowing،,وَيَمْتَنِعُand it becomes impossibleقِيَامُthe existenceمَعْنًىof a meaningيُضَادُcontradictingالْعِلْمِknowledgeبِذَاتِهِin itself،,وَالْخَبَرُand the newsالنَّفْسَانِيُّpsychologicalالْكَاذِبُfalseيُضَادُcontradictsالْعِلْمَknowledge..
Not possible, and this is what they inferred to show that the Lord, may He be exalted, cannot be imagined to have falsehood in Himself, because He is All-Knowing of everything, and it is impossible for a meaning that contradicts the knowledge of the knower to exist, and the false psychological news contradicts knowledge.
فَيُقَالُIt is saidلَهُمْto them::الْخَبَرُthe newsالنَّفْسَانِيُّpsychologicalلَوْifكَانَit wasخِلَافًاcontraryلِلْعِلْمِto knowledgeلَجَازَit would be permissibleوُجُودُthe existenceالْعِلْمِof knowledgeمَعَwithضِدِّهِits oppositeكَمَاasيَقُولُونَthey sayمِثْلَlikeذَٰلِكَthatفِيinمَوَاضِعَmany placesكَثِيرَةٍmany،,وَهِيَand they areمِنْofأَقْوَىthe strongestالْحُجَجِargumentsالَّتِيthatيُحْتَجُّis used as evidenceبِهَاby itالْقَاضِيJudgeأَبُوAbuبَكْرٍBakrوَمُوَافِقُوهُand his supportersفِيinمَسْأَلَةٍthe issueالْعَقْلِof reasonوَغَيْرِهَاand others,,كَالْقَاضِيlike JudgeأَبِيAbuيَعْلَىYa'la,,وَأَبِيand AbuمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadابْنِthe son ofالْلُبَانِAl-Laban,,وَأَبِيand AbuعَلِيٍّAliابْنِthe son ofشَاذَانَShadhan,,وَأَبِيand AbuالطَّيِّبِAl-Tayyib,,وَأَبِيand AbuالْوَلِيدِAl-WalidالْبَاجِيِّAl-Baji,,وَأَبِيand AbuالْخَطَّابِAl-Khattabوَابْنِand the son ofعَقِيلٍAqilوَغَيْرِهِمْand others.،,فَيَقُولُونَthey say::الْعَقْلُReasonنَوْعٌa typeمِنَofالْعِلْمِknowledge،,فَإِنَّهُfor it isلَيْسَnotبِضِدٍّoppositeلَهُto it،,فَإِنْifلَمْwas notيَكُنitنَوْعًاa typeمِنْهُof itكَانَit wasخِلَافًاcontraryلَهُto it,,وَلَوْand ifكَانَit wasخِلَافًاcontraryلَجَازَit would be permissibleوُجُودُهُits existenceمَعَwithالْعَقْلِreason،,وَهَذِهِand thisالْحُجَّةُargumentوَإِنْand ifكَانَتْit wasضَعِيفَةًweakكَمَاasضُعِفَتْit was weakenedالْجُمْهُورُthe majorityوَأَبُوand AbuالْمَعَالِيAl-MaaliالْجُوَيْنِيُّAl-Juwainiمِمَّنْfrom whomضَعَفَهَاweakened it،,فَإِنَّfor whenمَاwhatكَانَwasمُسْتَلْزِمًاentailedلِغَيْرِهِfor anotherلَمْnotيَكُنbeضِدًّاagainst itلَهُfor it،,إِذْforقَدْmayاجْتَمَعَاthey both exist،,وَلَيْسَand is notهُوَitمِنْofنَوْعِهِits type,,بَلْbutهُوَitخِلَافٌcontraryلَهُto itعَلَىonهَذَاthisالِاصْطِلَاحِtermالَّذِيwhichيُقَسِّمُونَthey classifyفِيهِin itكُلَّallاثْنَيْنِtwoإِلَىtoأَنْthatيَكُونَاthey beمِثْلَيْنِsimilar،,أوorخِلَافَيْنِcontrary,,أوorضِدَّيْنِagainst each other،,فَالْمَلْزُومُso the entailmentكَالْإِرَادَةِis like willمَعَwithالْعِلْمِknowledge،,أوorكَالعِلْمِlike knowledgeمَعَwithالْحَيَاةِlife،,وَنَحْوَand likeذَٰلِكَthatلَيْسَis notضِدًّاagainstوَلَاnorمِثْلًاa pair,,بَلْbutهُوَisخِلَافٌcontrary،,فَلَاso it is not permittedيَجُوزُit is permissibleوُجُودُهُits existenceمَعَwithضِدِّthe oppositeالْلاَزِمِthe necessaryفَإِنَّforضِدَّthe oppositeالْلاَزِمَthe necessaryيُنَافِيcontradicts it،,وَوُجُودُand the existenceالْمَلْزُومِof the entailmentبِدُونِwithoutالْلاَزِمِthe necessaryمُحالٌis impossibleكَوُجُودِas the existenceالْإِرَادَةِof willبِدُونِwithoutالْعِلْمِknowledge،,وَالْعِلْمُand knowledgeبِدُونِwithoutالْحَيَاةِlife,,فَهَذَانِthese twoخِلَافَانِare contradictoryعِندَهُمْto them،,وَلَاand notيَجُوزُit is permissibleوُجُودُthe presenceأَحَدِهِمَاone of themمَعَwithضِدِّهِمَاthe oppositeالْآخَرِthe other.وَمَعَAnd withهَذَاthis,,كَذَلِكَalsoالْعِلْمُknowledgeهُوَisمُسْتَلْزَمٌentailedلِلْعَقْلِfor reason،,فَكُلُّso everyعَالِمٍscholarعَاقِلٍis rational،,وَالْعَقْلُand reasonشَرْطٌis a conditionفِيinالْعِلْمِknowledgeفَلَيْسَso is notمِثْلًاa pairلَهُto itوَلَاnorضِدًّاagainstوَلَاnorنَوْعًاa typeمِنْهُof it،,وَمَعَand withهَذَاthis,,لَاnotيَجُوزُis permissibleوُجُودُهُits existenceمَعَwithضِدِّthe oppositeالْعَقْلِof reason,,لَكِنَbutهَذِهِthisالْحُجَّةُargumentتُقَالُis statedلَهُمْto themفِيinالْعِلْمِknowledgeمَعَwithكَلَامِthe wordsالنَّفْسِthe mindالَّذِيwhichهُوَisالْخَبَرُthe newsفَإِنَّهُfor it isلَيْسَnotضِدًّاoppositeوَلَاnorمِثْلًاa pair،,بَلْbutخِلَافًاcontrary،,فَيَجُوزُso it is permissibleوُجُودُthe existenceالْعِلْمِof knowledgeمَعَwithضِدِّthe oppositeالْخَبَرِof newsالصَّادِقِthe truthfulوَهُوَand it isالْكَاذِبُfalse.،,فَبَطَلَtherefore invalidatedتِلْكَthatالْحُجَّةُargumentعَلَىagainstامْتِنَاعِthe impossibilityالْكَذِبِof falsehoodالنَّفْسَانِيِّthe psychologicalفِيinالْعَالِمِthe knower.،,وَبَسَطَand elaboratingهَذَاthisلَهُfor itمَوْضِعٌa placeآخَرُanother.وَالْمَقْصُودُAnd the aimهُنَاhereأَنْto beالْإِنْسَانُthe humanإِذَاifرَجَعَhe returnsإِلَىtoنَفْسِهِhimselfعُسْرٌis difficultعَلَيْهِfor himالتَّفْرِيقَto differentiateبَيْنَbetweenعِلْمِهِhis knowledgeبِأَنْthatالرَّسُولَthe messengerصَادِقٌis truthfulوَبَيْنَand betweenتَصْدِيقِthe confirmationقَلْبِهِof his heartتَصْدِيقًاthe confirmationمَجَرَّدًاmerelyعَنْaboutانْقِيَادٍsubmissionوَغَيْرِهِand othersمِنَofأَعْمَالِthe actionsالْقَلْبِof the heartأَنَّهُthat it isصَادِقٌtruthful.،,..
It is said to them: The psychological news, if it was contrary to knowledge, the existence of knowledge with its opposite would be permissible, as they say such in many places, and these are among the strongest arguments used by Judge Abu Bakr and his supporters in the issue of reason and others, like Judge Abu Ya'la, Abu Muhammad ibn Al-Laban, Abu Ali ibn Shadhan, Abu Al-Tayyib, Abu Al-Walid Al-Baji, Abu Al-Khattab, Ibn Aqil, and others, they say: Reason is a type of knowledge, for it is not against it; if it were not a type of it, it would be contrary to it; and if it were contrary, the existence of reason would be permissible. This argument, although weak as weakened by the majority and Abu Al-Maali Al-Juwaini from among those who weakened it, is because what entails another is not against it, for the two can exist together, and it is not of its kind; rather, it is contrary to it according to the terminology in which they classify everything into similar, contradictory, or opposite pairs; thus entailed obligations such as will with knowledge, or knowledge with life, and so on, is not against nor similar; rather, it is contrary, so the existence of it with the opposite of what is obligatory is impermissible because the opposite of what is obligatory contradicts it, and existence of the entailed without what is obligatory is impossible, such as having will without knowledge and knowledge without life; these two are contradictions to them, and it is not permissible for one to exist with the opposite of the other. And with this, knowledge is also entailed by reason; thus every scholar is rational, and reason is a condition in knowledge; so it is not similar to it nor against it nor a type of it; and with that, it is not permissible for its existence to be with the opposite of reason; however, this argument is stated to them regarding knowledge with the speech of the mind, which is the news; for it is not against nor similar, but rather contrary; it is permissible for the existence of knowledge with the opposite of the truthful news, which is the false; thus invalidating that argument against the impossibility of psychological falsehood in knowledge, and elaborating on this would be for another time. The aim here is that when a human returns to himself, it is difficult for him to differentiate between his knowledge that the Messenger is truthful and the mere affirmation of his heart apart from submission and other actions of the heart affirming that he is truthful.