وَإِنَّمَاAnd indeedأَضَافَaddedإِلَيْهِمَاto themالأَرْبَعَthe fourلِكَوْنِهَاbecause they areأَظْهَرَmore manifestشَعَائِرَsymbolsالإِسْلَامِof Islamوَمُعْظَمُهَاand most of themوَبِقِيَامِهِمْand by establishing themبِهَاby themيَتِمُis fulfilledاَسْتِسْلَامُهُhis submissionوَتَرْكُهُand his abandoningلَهَاto themيُشْعِرُindicatesبِحَلٍّthe liftingقَيْدٍof the bindingانْقِيَادَهُof his obedienceأَوْorانْحِلَالِهِhis dissolution.
And indeed, he added the four to them because they are the most manifest symbols of Islam and most of them, and by establishing them, his submission is fulfilled, and his abandoning them indicates the lifting of the binding of his obedience or his dissolution.
ثُمَّThenإِنَّthat indeedاسْمَthe nameالإِيمَانِof faithيَتَنَاوَلُincludesمَاwhatفُسِّرَwas explainedبِهِby itالإِسْلَامُIslamفِيinهَذَاthisالْحَدِيثِnarrationوَسَائِرِand otherالطَّاعَاتِacts of obedienceلِكَوْنِهَاbecause they areثَمَراتِfruitsالتَّصْدِيقِof the inner beliefالْبَاطِنِthe hiddenالَّذِيwhichهُوَisأَصْلُthe rootالإِيمَانِof faithوَمُقَوِّمَاتِand componentsوَمُتَمِّمَاتِand complementsوَحَافِظَاتٍand preservers,لَهُfor it.وَلِهَذَاAnd thereforeفُسِّرَthe Prophet explainedالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetوَandالإِيمَانُfaithفِيinحَدِيثِthe narrationوَفَدِof the delegationعَبْدِAbdالْقَيْسِal-Qaysبِالشَّهَادَتَيْنِwith the two testimonies,وَالصَّلَاةِand prayerوَالزَّكَاةِand zakatوَالصُّومِand fastingوَإِعْطَاءِand givingالْخُمُسَthe fifthمِنَfromالْمَغْنَمِthe spoils,وَلِهَذَاand thereforeلَاdoes notيَقَعُthe nameاسْمٌthe nameالْمُؤْمِنُof the believerالْمُطْلَقِthe absoluteعَلَىuponمَنْwhoارْتَكَبَcommitsكَبِيرَةًa major sinأَوْorتَرَكَleavesفَرِيضَةًan obligatory act,لَأَنَّbecauseاسْمَthe nameالْشَّيْءِof a thingالْكَامِلَcompleteيَقَعُis appliedعَلَىto theالْكَامِلِcompleteمِنْهُof itوَلَاand does notيُسْتَعْمَلُis usedفِيinالنَّاقِصِthe deficientظَاهِرًاexplicitlyإِلَّاexceptبِقَيْدٍwith a restriction,وَلِذَٰلِكَand thereforeجَازَit is permissibleإِطْلَاقُto negateنَفْيِهِit from himعَنْهُabout himفِيinقَوْلِهِhis saying:«لَا"Indeed notيَزْنِيthe fornicatorالزَّانِيfornicatorحِينَwhenيَزْنِيhe commits fornicationوَهُوَwhile he isمُؤْمِنٌa believer.
Then indeed, the name of faith includes what was explained about Islam in this narration, and other acts of obedience, because they are the fruits of the inner belief, which is the root of faith, and its components, complements, and preservers. And therefore, the Prophet explained faith in the narration of the delegation of Abd al-Qays with the two testimonies, and prayer, zakat, fasting, and giving the fifth from the spoils. And therefore, the name of the absolute believer does not apply to one who commits a major sin or leaves an obligatory act, because the name of a complete thing is applied to its complete form and is not used in the deficient explicitly except with a restriction. And therefore, it is permissible to negate it from him in his saying: “Indeed not does the fornicator commit fornication while he is a believer.”
وَاسْمُAnd the nameالإِسْلَامِIslamيَتَنَاوَلُincludesأَيْضًاalsoمَاwhatهُوَisأَصْلُthe rootالإِيمَانِof faithوَهُوَand it isالتَّصْدِيقُthe belief,وَيَتَنَاوَلُand includesأَصْلُthe rootالطَّاعَاتِof acts of obedience,فَإنَّfor thatذَلِكَall of thatكُلَّهُis entirelyاسْتِسْلَامٌsubmission.قَالَHe saidفَخَرَجَso it is clearمِمَّاfrom whatذَكَرْنَاهُwe mentionedوَحَقَّدْنَاهُand establishedأَنَّthatالإِسْلَامَIslamوَالْإِيمَانَand faithيَجْتَمِعَانِare combinedوَيَفْتَرِقَانِand are separatedوَأَنَّand thatكُلَّeveryمُؤْمِنٍbelieverمُسْلِمٌis a Muslim,وَلَيْسَbut notكُلُّeveryمُسْلِمٍMuslimمُؤْمِنًاis a believer.قَالَHe said: فَهَذَاThis isتَحْقِيقٌa verificationوَافِقٌthat agreesبِالتَّوْفِيقِwith the concordanceبَيْنَbetweenمُتَفَرِّقَاتٍthe variousالنُّصُوصِtextsالْوَارِدَةِthat cameفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithوَالْإِسْلَامِand Islamالَّتِيthatطَالَمَاfor so long asغَلَطَmade a mistakeفِيْهَاin themالْخَائِضُونَthose who delve.وَمَاAnd whatحَقَّقْنَاهُwe establishedمِنْofذَلِكَthatمُوافِقٌis consistentلِمَذَاهِبِwith the doctrinesجَمَاهِيرِof the majorityالْعُلَمَاءِof scholarsمِنْfromأَهْلِthe people ofالْحَدِيثِHadithوَغَيْرِهِمْand others)
And the name of Islam also includes what is the root of faith and it is the belief, and includes the root of acts of obedience, for all of that is submission. He said, so it is clear from what we mentioned and established that Islam and faith are combined and separated, and that every believer is a Muslim, but not every Muslim is a believer. He said: This is a verification that agrees with the concordance between the various texts that came in faith and Islam that for so long as those who delve have made a mistake in them. And what we established of that is consistent with the doctrines of the majority of scholars from the people of Hadith and others.
فَيُقَالُIt is said:هَذَاThisالَّذِيwhichذَكَرَهُhe mentionedرَحِمَهُmay God have mercy on himاللَّهُAllahفِيهِin itمِنَofالْمُوَافَقَةِthe agreementمَاwhatقَدْhasبَيَّنَclarifiedمِنَofأَقْوَالِthe statementsالأَئِمَّةِof the imams,وَمَاand whatدَلَّindicatesعَلَيْهِby itالْكِتَابُthe bookوَالسُّنةُand the Sunnahمَاthatيَظْهَرُmakes apparentبِهِthatالْجُمْهُورُthe majorityيَقُولُونَsay:كُلُّEveryمُؤْمِنٍbelieverمُسْلِمٌis a Muslim,وَلَيْسَbut notكُلُّeveryمُسْلِمٍMuslimمُؤْمِنًاis a believer.وَقَوْلُهُAnd his saying:إِنَّIndeedالْحَدِيثَthe Hadithذُكِرَmentionedفِيهِin itأَصْلُthe rootالإِيمَانِof faithوَأَصْلٌand the rootالإِسْلَامِof Islam,قَدَmayيُورِدُbringعَلَيْهِto itأَنَّthatالنَّبِيَّthe Prophetصَلَّىpeace be upon himعَلَيْهِupon himوَآلِهِand his familyأَجَابَansweredعَنْaboutالإِيمَانِfaithوَالْإِسْلَامِand Islamبِمَاwith whatهُوَisمِنْfromجِنْسِthe typeالْجَوَابِof the answerبِالْحَدِّwith the definitionعَنْofالْمُحَدَّدِthe defined,فَيَكُونُso that it may beمَاwhatذَكَرَهُhe mentionedمُطَابِقًاis correspondingلَهُمَاto them notلَأَصْلِهِمَاtheir rootsفَقَط.only.فَالإِيمَانُSo faithهُوَisالإِيمَانُthe beliefبِمَاwith whatذَكَرَهُhe mentionedبَاطِنًاinternally,وَظَاهِرًاand externally,لَكِنْbutمَاwhatذَكَرَهُhe mentionedمِنَofالإِيمَانِfaithتَضَمَّنَincludesالإِسْلَامَIslamكَمَاasأَنَّthatالإِحْسَانَthe good deedsتَضَمَّنَincludesالإِيمَانَfaith.
It is said: This which he mentioned, may God have mercy on him, contains agreement with what has been clarified in the statements of the imams, and what is indicated by the book and the Sunnah, which makes apparent that the majority says: Every believer is a Muslim, but not every Muslim is a believer. And his saying: Indeed, the Hadith mentions in it the root of faith and the root of Islam, may bring a challenge to that the Prophet, peace be upon him, answered about faith and Islam with what is the type of the answer by defining the defined, so what he mentioned is corresponding to them not only to their roots. So faith is the belief with what he mentioned internally and externally, but what he mentioned of faith includes Islam just as good deeds include faith.
وَقَوْلُAnd the sayingالْقَائِلِof one who says:أَصْلُThe rootالِاسْتِسْلَامِof submissionهُوَisالإِسْلَامُIslamالظَّاهِرُthe apparent,فَالإِسْلَامُso Islamهُوَisالِاسْتِسْلَامُthe submissionلِلَّهِto Allah,وَالْانْقِيَادُand the surrenderلَهُto Himظَاهِرًاexplicitlyوَبَاطِنًاand internally,فَهَذَاthis isهُوَexactlyدِينُthe religionالإِسْلَامِof Islamالَّذِيwhichارْتَضَاهُwas chosen byاللَّهُAllahكَمَاasدَلَّتْindicated٢٨٤284.
And the saying of one who says: The root of submission is the apparent Islam; so Islam is the submission to Allah, and the surrender to Him explicitly and internally, this is exactly the religion of Islam which was chosen by Allah as indicated by 284.