كَذَٰلِكَlikewiseقَوْلُهُhis sayingفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadithالصَّحِيحِthe authentic::لَيْسَis notمِنْofرَجُلٍa manادَّعَىclaimedلِغَيْرِto other thanأَبِيهِhis fatherوَهُوَand heيَعْلَمُهُknows itإِلَّاexceptكَفْرٌdisbelief
Likewise, his saying in the authentic hadith: 'There is not a man who claims to be the son of someone other than his father while he knows it, except he is a disbeliever.'
وَفِيAnd inحَدِيثٍanother hadithآخَرَanother::كَفْرٌdisbeliefبِاللَّهِin Allahمِنْofتَبَرَّأَdisassociatedمِنْfromنَسَبٍlineageوَإِنْeven ifدَقَّit is small
And in another hadith: 'Disbelief in Allah is from disassociating oneself from lineage, even if it is small.'
وَكَانَAnd it wasمِنَfromالْقُرْآنِthe Qur'anالَّذِيthatنَسَخَabrogatedلَفْظَهُits wording::لَاDo notتَرْغَبُواdesireعَنْfromآبَائِكُمْyour fathersفَإِنَّfor indeedكَفْرًاdisbeliefبِكُمْin youأَنْthatتَرْغَبُواyou desireعَنْfromآبَائِكُمْyour fathers
And it was among the Qur'an that was abrogated in its wording: 'Do not desire away from your fathers, for indeed, it is disbelief in you that you desire away from your fathers.'
فَإِنَّFor indeedحَقَّthe rightالْوَالِدَيْنِof the parentsمَقْرُونٌis tiedبِحَقِّto the rightاللَّهِof Allahفِيinمِثْلِlikeقَوْلِهِhis saying::أَنْThat youاشْكُرْbe gratefulلِيto Meوَلِوَالِدَيْكَand to your parentsإِلَىtoالْمَصِيرِthe destination
For indeed, the right of the parents is tied to the right of Allah in His saying: 'Be grateful to Me and to your parents, to Me is the final destination.'
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying::وَقَضَىAnd decreedرَبُّكَyour Lordأَلَّاthat notتَعْبُدُواyou worshipإِلَّاexceptإِيَّاهُHimوَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِand with the parentsإِحْسَانًاgoodness
And His saying: 'And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him and to parents, goodness.'
فَالْوَالِدُSo the parentأَصْلُهُis the rootالَّذِيthatمِنْهُfrom himخَلَقَcreated,,وَالْوَلَدُand the childمِنْfromكَّسْبِهِhis earnings
So the parent is the root from which he was created, and the child is from his earnings.
كَمَاAsقَالَsaid::مَاWhatأَغْنَىbenefittedعَنْهُhimمَالُهُhis wealthوَمَاand whatكَسَبَhe earned
As said: 'What benefitted him was not his wealth nor what he earned.'
فَالْجَحْدُSo denialلَهُمَاof themشُعْبَةٌis a branchمِنْofشُعَبِbranchesالْكُفْرِof disbelief،,فَإِنَّهُfor indeedجَحَدَdenial ofمَاwhatمِنْهُfrom himخَلَقَcreatedرَبَّهُhis Lord،,فَقَدْfor he surelyجَحَدَdeniedخَلْقَcreationالرَّبِّof the Lordإِيَّاهُhim
So denial of them is a branch of disbelief, for indeed he has denied what his Lord created, so he has denied the creation of his Lord over him.
وَقَدْAnd it hasكَانَbeenفِيinلُغَةٍthe languageمِنْof thoseقَبْلَنَاbefore usيُسَمَّىis calledالرَّبُّthe Lordأَبًاa father
And it has been in the language of those before us that the Lord is called a father.
فَكَانَSo it wasفِيهِin itكُفْرٌdisbeliefبِاللَّهِin Allahمِنْfromهَذَاthisالْوَجْهِangle,,وَلَكِنَّbutلَيْسَis notهَذَاthisكَمَنْlike one whoجَحَدَdeniedالْخَالِقَthe creatorبِالْكُلِّيَّةِentirely
So it was in it a disbelief in Allah from this angle, but this is not like one who has completely denied the creator.
وَسَنَتَكَلَّمُAnd we will speakإِنْifشَاءَwilledاللَّهُAllahعَلَىaboutسَائِرِotherالْأَحَادِيثِhadiths
And we will speak, if Allah wills, about other hadiths.
وَالْمَقْصُودُAnd the purposeهُنَاhereذِكْرُis to mentionأَصْلٍa rootجَامِعَةٍthat encompassesتَنْبَنِيon which is builtعَلَيْهَاon itمَعْرِفَةٌthe knowledgeالنُّصُوصِof the texts,,وَرَدَّand to referمَاwhatتَنَازَعَhas conflictedفِيهِin itالنَّاسُthe peopleإِلَىtoالْكِتَابِthe Bookوَالسُّنَّةِand the Sunnah
And the purpose here is to mention a root that encompasses knowledge of the texts, and to refer what the people have conflicted over to the Book and the Sunnah.
فَإِنَّFor indeedالنَّاسَthe peopleكَثُرَتْhave multipliedنِزَاعَهُمْtheir disputesفِيinمَوَاضِعَplacesفِيinمَسْمَىthe lexiconالإِيمَانِof faithوَالْإِسْلَامِand Islamلِكُثْرَةِdue to the abundanceذِكْرِهِمَاof mentioning them,,وَكَثْرَةِand the abundanceكَلَامِof speechالنَّاسِthe peopleفِيهِمَاin them
For indeed, the people have multiplied their disputes in places in the lexicon of faith and Islam due to the abundance of mentioning them and the abundance of speech of the people in them.
وَالْاسْمُAnd the nameكُلَّمَاwheneverكَثُرَhas increasedالتَّكَلُّمُtalkingفِيهِabout it,,فَتَكَلَّمُواthey spokeبِهِof itمُطْلَقًاabsolutely,,وَمُقَيَّدًاand conditionallyبِقَيْدٍwith a condition,,وَمُقَيَّدًاand conditionallyبِقَيْدٍwith another conditionآخَرَotherفِيinمَوْضِعٍa placeآخَرَanother,,كَانَthere wasهَذَاthisسَبَبًاthe reasonلِاشْتِبَاهٍfor confusionبَعْضِsomeمَعَانَاهُof its meaning
And the name, whenever talking about it has increased, they spoke of it absolutely, and conditionally with a condition, and conditionally with another condition in another place, this has been the reason for some confusion in its meaning.
ثُمَّThenكُلَّمَاwheneverكَثُرَincreasedسَمَاعُهُit hearingكَثُرَincreasedمِنْfromيَشْتَبِهُconfusionعَلَيْهِon himذَٰلِكَthat
Then whenever its hearing has increased, the increase of those who are confused about that has also increased.
وَمِنْAnd fromأَسْبَابِthe causesذَٰلِكَthatأَنْthatيَسْمَعَsome hearبَعْضَsomeمَوَارِدِهِof its sourcesوَلَاand notيَسْمَعَhearبَعْضَهُsome of it،,وَيَكُونَand it isمَاwhatسَمِعَهُhe has heardمُقَيَّدًاconditionedبِقَيْدٍwith a conditionأَوْجَبَnecessaryاخْتِصَاصَهُthat it be specificبِمَعْنًىwith a meaning,,فَيَظُنُّso he thinksمَعْنَاهُits meaningفِيinسَائِرِallمَوَارِدِهِits sourcesكَذَٰلِكَlikewise
And from the causes of that is that some hear some of its sources and do not hear some of it, and what he has heard is conditioned with a condition that necessitates its specificity with a meaning, so he thinks its meaning in all its sources is likewise.
فَمَنSo whoeverاتَّبَعَfollowsعِلْمَهُhis knowledgeحَتَّىuntilعَرَفَhe knowsمَوَاقِعَthe locationsالِاسْتِعْمَالِof usageعَامَّةًgeneralوَعَلِمَand knowsمَأْخَذَthe basisالشُّبَهِof similarities,,أَعْطَىhe givesكُلَّeveryذِيpossessorحَقَّهُof his rightوَعَلِمَand knowsأَنَّthatخَيْرَthe bestالْكَلَامِspeechكَلَامُis the speechاللَّهِof Allahوَأَنَّهُand that itلَاthere is noبَيَانٌexplanationأَتَمُّmore completeمِنْthanبَيَانِهِHis explanation
So whoever follows his knowledge until he knows the general locations of usage and knows the basis of the similarities, he gives every possessor of right their right and knows that the best speech is the speech of Allah and that there is no explanation more complete than His explanation.
وَأَنَّand thatمَاwhatأَجْمَعَthe Muslims have agreed uponعَلَيْهِupon itالْمُسْلِمُونَthe Muslimsمِنْofدِينِهِمtheir religionالَّذِيthat whichيَحْتَاجُونَthey needإِلَيْهِto itأَضْعَافًاmany timesأَضْعَافًاmultitudesمِمَّاfrom whatتَنَازَعُواthey have disputedفِيهin it
And that what the Muslims have agreed upon in their religion that they need is many times from what they have disputed in it.