الإجْمَاعُconsensusعَلَىonذَٰلِكَ،that, وَقَدْand indeedذُكِرَmentionedأَبُوAbuالْحَسَنِal-Hasanفِيinبَعْضِsomeكُتُبِهِof his booksالإجْمَاعُthe consensusعَلَىonذَٰلِكَ،that,وَمِنْand from
The consensus on this has been mentioned by Abu al-Hasan in some of his books.
هُنَاHereغَلَطُواthey erredفِيهِin itوَخَالَفُواand contradictedفِيهِin itالْكِتَابَthe Bookوَالسُّنَّةَand the Sunnahوَآثَارَand the narrationsالْصَّحَابَةِof the Companionsوَالْتَّابِعِينَand the Followersلَهُمْto themبِإِحْسَانٍwith goodness
Here, they erred in it and contradicted the Book, the Sunnah, and the narrations of the Companions and the Followers with goodness.
مُخَالَفَةٌContradictingالْمَعْقُولِ،the rational,بَلْratherالْخَوَارِجُthe Khawarijوَالْمُعْتَزِلَةُand the Mu'tazilahطَرَدُواrejectedهَذَاthisالأَصْلَprincipleالْفَاسِدِ،the corrupt,
Contradicting what is rational, rather the Khawarij and the Mu'tazilah rejected this corrupt principle.
مَعَAlong withصَرِيحٍthe explicitأَنْthatوَقَالُوا:they said:لَاnoيَجْتَمِعُcan coexistفِيinالشَّخْصِa personالْوَاحِدِoneطَاعَةٍobedienceيَسْتَحِقُّthat deservesبِهَاby itالثَّوَابَ،reward,وَمَعْصِيَةٍand disobedienceيَسْتَحِقُّthat deservesبِهَاby itالْعُقُوبَةَpunishmentوَلَاand notيَكُونُbeالشَّخْصُthe personالْوَاحِدُoneمَحْمُودًاpraisedمِنْfromوَجْهٍone sideمَذْمُومًاblamedمِنْfromوَجْهٍ،one side,وَلَاand notمَحْبُوبًاbelovedمَدْعُوًّاinvoked for himلَهُto himمِنْfromوَجْهٍ،one side,مَسْخُوطًاdispleasedمَلْعُونًاcursedمِنْfromوَجْهٍ،one side,وَلَاand notيَتَصَوَّرُit is conceivableأَنَّthatالشَّخْصَthe personالْوَاحِدَoneيَدْخُلَentersالْجَنَّةَParadiseوَالنَّارَand Hellجَمِيعًاtogetherعِندَهُمْwith them,بَلْ, ratherمَنْwhoeverدَخَلَentersإِحْدَاهُمَاone of themلَمْdid notيَدْخُلْenterالأُخْرَىthe otherعِندَهُمْ،in their view,وَلِهَذَاand thusأَنْكَرُواthey deniedخُرُوجَthe exitأَحَدٍanyoneمِنَfromالنَّارِ،the Fire,أَوorالشَّفَاعَةَintercessionفِيforأَحَدٍanyoneمِنَfromأَهْلِthe peopleالنَّارِ.of the Fire.
They said that no loyalty deserves reward and disobedience deserves punishment can coexist in one person; one person cannot be praised from one perspective and blamed from another, nor be loved from one perspective and disliked from another. It is inconceivable to them that one person enters both Paradise and Hell; in their view, whoever enters one does not enter the other. Therefore, they denied anyone coming out of the Fire or intercession for anyone among the people of the Fire.
وَحُكِيَAnd it was narratedعَنْfromغَالِيَةَthe extremeالْمُرْجِئَةِof the Murji'ahأَنَّهُمْthat theyوَافَقُوهُمْagreed with themعَلَىonهَذَاthisالأَصْلِ،principle,لَكِنَّbutهَذَانِكَtheseقَالُواsaidإِنَّthatأَهْلَthe peopleالْكَبَائِرِof major sinsيَدْخُلُونَwill enterالْجَنَّةَParadiseوَلَاand notيَدْخُلُونَenterالنَّارَthe Fireمُقَابَلَةًin exchange forلِهَؤُلَاءِ.those.
And it was narrated from the extremists of the Murji'ah that they agreed with them on this principle, but these said that the people of major sins will enter Paradise and will not enter the Fire in exchange for those.
وَأَمَّاAs forأَهْلِthe peopleالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnahوَالْجَمَاعَةِand the Communityوَالْصَّحَابَةِand the Companionsوَالْتَّابِعِينَand the Followersلَهُمْto themبِإِحْسَانٍ،with goodness,وَسَائِرِand allطَوَائِفِgroupsالْمُسْلِمِينَof Muslimsمِنَfromأَهْلِthe peopleالْحَدِيثِof Hadithوَالْفُقَهَاءِand the Juristsوَأَهْلِand peopleالْكَلَامِof speechمِنَofالْمُرْجِئَةِthe Murji'ahالْفُقَهَاءِ،of the Jurists,وَالْكَرَامِيَّةِ،and the Karamiyah,وَالْكَلَابِيَّةِ،and the Kalabiyah,وَالْأَشْعَرِيَّةِ،and the Ash'ariyyah,وَالْشِّيَعَةِand the Shi'aمُرْجِئُهُمْtheir Murji'ahوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersمُرْجِئُهُمْ،who are not their Murji'ah,
As for the people of the Sunnah and the Community, the Companions, and the Followers with goodness, and all groups of Muslims including the people of Hadith, the Jurists, and the people of theology, whether the Murji'ah of the Jurists, the Karamiyah, the Kalabiyah, the Ash'ariyyah, or the Shi'a, whether their Murji'ah or others, they say:
إِنَّIndeed,الشَّخْصَthe personالْوَاحِدَoneقَدْmayيُعَذِّبَهُbe punishedاللَّهُby Allahبِالنَّارِ،in the Fire,ثُمَّthenيُدْخِلَهُHe admits himالْجَنَّةَ،to Paradise,كَمَاasنَطَقَتْstatedبِذَٰلِكَby thatالْأَحَادِيثُthe hadithsالصَّحِيحَةُ،the authentic,وَهَذَاand thisالشَّخْصُpersonالَّذِيwhoلَهُhasسَيِّئَاتٌbad deedsعُذِّبَpunishedبِهَا،by them,وَلَهُand hasحَسَنَاتٌgood deedsدَخَلَenteredبِهَاby themالْجَنَّةَParadiseوَلَهُand he hasمَعْصِيَةٌdisobedienceوَطَاعَةٌand obedienceبِاتِّفَاقِby agreementهَؤُلَاءِof theseالطَّوَائِفِgroupsلَمْdid notتَنَازَعُواdisputeفِيinحُكْمِهِ،his ruling,لَكِنَّلكنتَنَازَعُواthey disputedفِيinاسْمِهِ،his name,
Indeed, one person may be punished by Allah in the Fire, then admitted to Paradise, as stated by the authentic hadiths. This person, who has bad deeds for which he was punished and has good deeds through which he entered Paradise, and has disobedience and obedience, according to the agreement of these groups, they did not dispute his ruling, but they disputed his name.
فَقَالَتْSo the Murji'ah saidالْمُرْجِئَةُthe Murji'ahجَهْمِيَّتُهُمْof their Jahmiyyahوَغَيْرُهُمْand othersجَهْمِيَّتُهُمْ:of their Jahmiyyah:هُوَhe isمُؤْمِنٌa believerكَامِلٌcompleteالإِيمَانِin faithوَأَهْلُand the peopleالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnahوَالْجَمَاعَةِand the Communityعَلَىare uponأَنَّهُthat heمُؤْمِنٌis a believerنَاقِصٌdeficientالإِيمَانِin faithوَلَوْلَاand were it notذَٰلِكَfor thatلَمَاwould notعُذِّبَ،he be punished,كَمَاasأَنَّهُthat heنَاقِصٌis deficientالْبِرِّin righteousnessوَالتَّقْوَىٰand pietyبِاتِّفَاقِby agreementالْمُسْلِمِينَ،of the Muslims,
So the Murji'ah of their Jahmiyyah and others said: 'He is a believer with complete faith,' while the people of the Sunnah and the Community are upon that he is a believer with deficient faith, for were it not for that, he would not be punished, just as he is deemed deficient in righteousness and piety by the agreement of the Muslims.
وَهَلAnd whetherيُطْلَقُcan be calledعَلَيْهِupon himاسْمُthe nameمُؤْمِنٍ؟believer?هَذَاThisفِيهِin itالْقَوْلَانِ،the two sayings,وَالصَّحِيحُand the correct answer،التَّفْصِيلُ،is the detailed,إِذَاifسُئِلَaskedعَنْaboutأَحْكَامِthe rulingsالدُّنْيَاof this worldكَأَعْتِقِهِsuch as his freeingفِيinالْكَفَّارَةِ،the expiation,قِيلَ:it is said:هُوَhe isمُؤْمِنٌ،a believer,وَكَذَٰلِكَand likewiseإِذَاifسُئِلَaskedعَنْaboutدُخُولِهِhis entryفِيinخِطَابِthe discourseالْمُؤْمِنِينَ.of the believers.
And whether he can be called a believer? This involves two sayings, and the correct answer is detailed: If asked about the rulings of this world, such as his expiation, it is said: he is a believer. Likewise, if asked about his entry into the discourse of the believers.
وَأَمَّاAs forإِذَاifسُئِلَhe is askedعَنْaboutحُكْمِهِhis rulingفِيinالْآخِرَةِ،the Hereafter,قِيلَ:it is said:لَيْسَhe is notهَذَاthis typeمِنَofالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersالْمَوْعُودِينَwho are promisedبِالْجَنَّةِ،with Paradise,بَلْbutمَعَهُwith himإِيمَانٌfaithيَمْنَعُهُthat prevents himالْخُلْدَfrom eternityفِيinالنَّارِthe Fireوَيَدْخُلُand entersبِهِwith itالْجَنَّةَParadiseبَعْدَafterأَنْthatيُعَذَّبَ.he is punished.
And as for if he is asked about his ruling in the Hereafter, it is said: He is not this type of believers who are promised Paradise, but he has a faith that prevents him from eternity in the Fire and allows him to enter Paradise after being punished.