وَأَبُوAnd AbuطَالِبٍTalibجَعَلَmadeمَنْwhoكَانَwasمَذْمُومًاblamedلِتَرْكِfor leavingوَاجِبٍan obligationمِنْofالمُؤَلَّفَةِthose whose hearts are inclinedقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsالَّذِينَwhoلَمْdid notيُعْطُواgiveشَيْئًا،anything,وَجَعَلَand madeذَاكَthatالشَّخْصَpersonمُؤْمِنًاa believerغَيْرَهُother than himأَفْضَلَbetterمِنْهُ،than him.
And Abu Talib made who was blamed for leaving an obligation of those whose hearts are inclined, who did not give anything; and he made that person a believer better than him.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forالأَكْثَرُونَthe majorityفَيَقُولُونَ:they say:إِثْبَاتَThe confirmationالإِسْلامِof Islamلَهُمْfor themدُونَwithoutالإِيمَانِfaithكَإِثْبَاتِهِlike the confirmation of itلِذَاكَfor thatالشَّخْصِ،person,كَانَwasمُسْلِمًاa Muslimلَاnotمُؤْمِنًاa believerكِلَاهُمَا،both,مَذْمُومٌblamedلَاnotلِمَجَرَّدِmerelyأَنْthatغَيْرَهُother than himأَفْضَلَbetterمِنْهُ،than him.
And as for the majority, they say: the confirmation of Islam for them without faith like the confirmation of that person, was a Muslim not a believer; both were blamed not merely because other than him was better than him.
وَقَدْAnd indeedقَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ:(peace be upon him):أَكْمَلُThe most completeالمُؤْمِنِينَof the believersإِيمَانًاin faithأَحْسَنُهُمْare those who are bestخُلُقًا»in character."
And indeed the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "The most complete of the believers in faith are those who are best in character."
وَلَمْAnd did notيَسْلُبْtake away fromعَمَّنfrom whomدُونَهُbelow himالإِيمَانُ.faith.
And did not take away from those below him faith.
وَقَالَAnd He saidتَعَالَى:The Exalted: لَاIndeed notيَسْتَوِيis equalمَنْكُمْamong youمِّنْofأَنفَقَthose who spentمِنْbeforeقَبْلِbeforeالْفَتْحِthe victoryوَقَتَلَand killedأُوْلَـٰئِكَthoseأَعْظَمُare greaterدَرَجَةًin rankمِّنَthanالَّذِينَthose whoأَنفَقُواspentمِنْfromبَعْدُafterوَقَتَلُواand killedوَكُلًّاand bothوَعَدَhas promisedاللَّهُAllahالأْجْرَthe reward.
And He said, The Exalted: "Indeed not equal among you are those who spent before the victory and killed; those are greater in rank than those who spent after and killed. And both Allah has promised the reward."
فَأَثْبَتَThus it confirmedالإِيمَانَthe faithلِلْأَفْضَلِfor the betterوَالْمَفْضُولِ،and the lesser,وَهَذَاand thisمُتَّفَقٌis agreed uponعَلَيْهِamongبَيْنَthe Muslims.
Thus it confirmed the faith for the better and the lesser, and this is agreed upon among the Muslims.
وَقَدْAnd indeedقَالَthe Prophet saidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet::إِذَاIfاجْتَهَدَhe strivesالْحَاكِمُthe rulerفَأَصَابَand is correctفَلَهُhe hasأَجْرَانِtwo rewardsوَإِنْand ifاجْتَهَدَhe strivesفَأَخْطَأَand is wrongفَلَهُhe hasأَجْرٌa rewardواحــدٌone.
And indeed the Prophet said: "If the ruler strives and is correct, he has two rewards; and if he strives and is wrong, he has one reward."
وَقَالَAnd he saidلِسَعْدٍto Sa'dبْنِbinمُعَاذٍMu'adhلَمَّاwhenحَكَمَhe ruledفِيamongبَنِيthe children ofقُرَيْظَةَ:Quraiza:«لَقَد"Indeed you haveحَكَمْتَruledفِيهِمamong themبِحُكْمٍby a rulingالْمَلِكِof the kingمِنْfromفَوْقَaboveسَبْعَةِsevenأَرَقَعَةٍ»skies."
And he said to Sa'd bin Mu'adh when he ruled among Banu Qurayza: "Indeed you have ruled among them by a ruling of the king from above seven skies."
وَكَانَAnd he used toيَقُولُsayلِمَنْto whoeverيُرْسِلُهُhe sendsفِيinجَيْشٍan armyأَوْorسَرِيَّةٍ:a battalion:إِذَاIfحَاصَرْتَyou besiegeأَهْلَthe people ofحِصْنٍa fortressفَسَأَلُوكَand they ask youأَنْtoتُنَزِّلَهُمْbring them downعَلَىtoحُكْمِthe ruling ofاللَّهِ،Allah,فَلَاdo notتُنَزِّلْهُمْbring them downعَلَىtoحُكْمِthe ruling ofاللَّهِAllahفَإِنَّكَfor you do notلَاnotتَدْرِيknow whatحُكْمَthe rulingاللَّهِAllahفِيهمin themوَلَكِنbutتُنَزِّلْهُمْbring them downعَلَىtoحُكْمِكَyour rulingوَحُكْمِand the ruling ofأَصْحَابِكَ»your companions."
And he used to say to whoever he sends in an army or a battalion: If you besiege the people of a fortress and they ask you to bring them down to the ruling of Allah, do not bring them down to the ruling of Allah, for you do not know what Allah’s ruling in them is; but bring them down to your ruling and the ruling of your companions."
وَهَذِهِAnd theseالأَحَادِيثُahadithالثَّلاَثَةُthreeفِيinالصَّحِيحِ،the authentic,"},{
And these three ahadith are in the authentic.
وَفِيAnd inحَدِيثِthe hadithسُلَيْمَانَof Suleimanعَلَيْهِpeace be upon him:وَأَسْأَلُكَand I ask youحُكْمًاa rulingيُوَافِقُthat agreesحُكْمَكَwith your ruling.
And in the hadith of Suleiman, peace be upon him: "And I ask You for a ruling that agrees with Your ruling."
فَهَذِهِSo theseالنُّصُوصُtextsوَأُخْرَىand othersتَدُلُّindicateعَلَىonمَاwhatاتَّفَقَagreed uponعَلَيْهِbyالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsوَالْتَّابِعِينَand the followersلَهُمْof themبِإِحْسَانٍwith goodnessأَنْthatأَحَدًاoneالشَّخْصَيْنِof the two personsقَدْmayيُخَصَّصَbe privilegedاللَّهَAllahبِاجْتِهَادٍwith a strivingيُحَصِّلُthat producesلَهُfor himبِهِwith itمِنْfromالعِلْمِthe knowledgeمَاwhatيَعْجِزُother than him cannotعَنْهُdo.فَيَكُونُIt can beلَهُfor himأَجْرَانِtwo rewardsوَذَلِكَand thatالْآخَرُotherعَاجِزٌis unableلَهُfor himأَجْرٌa rewardوَلَاand notإِثْمٌa sinعَلَيْهِ،on him,وَذَلِكَand thatالعِلْمُknowledgeالَّذِيthat whichخَصَّis specificبِهِto him،وَالْعَمَلُand the workبِهِwith itبَاطِنًاinternallyوَظَاهِرًاand externallyزِيَادَةٌan increaseفِيinإِيمَانِهِ،his faith,وَهُوَand it isإِيمَانٌ.faith.
So these texts and others indicate what has been agreed upon by the companions and their followers with goodness: that one of the two people may be privileged by Allah with striving that grants him knowledge which others may not be able to acquire, thus he can have two rewards; and that other is unable and has one reward, and there is no sin on him; and that knowledge that is specific to him, and the work with it, both internally and externally, would be an increase in his faith, and it is faith.