بِزَوَالِWith the lossالإِيْمَانِof faithالَّذِيwhichهُوَisعَمَلٌan actاِسْتِتَابَةٌof repentanceوَلَاand notإِزَالَةٌremovalالْحُدُودِof the limitsعَنْهُfrom himإِذْasلَمْnotيُزَلbe removedأَصْلٌthe essenceالإِيْمَانِof faithعَنْهُfrom him,,فَكَذَٰلِكَso likewiseلَاnotيَجِبُit is requiredعَلَيْنَاon usاسْتِتَابَتُهُto make him repentوَإِزَالَةٌand to removeالْحُدُودَthe limitsوَالأَحْكَامَand the rulingsعَنْهُfrom himبِإِثْبَاتِنَاby our affirmationلَهُto himاسْمَthe nameالْكُفْرِof disbeliefمِنْforقَبْلِbeforeالْعَمَلِthe action,,إِذْasلَمْnotيَأْتِcomeبِأَصْلٍwith the essenceالْكُفْرِof disbeliefالَّذِيwhichهُوَisجَحْدٌdenialبِاللَّهِof Godأَوْorمَاwhatقَالَhe said.
With the loss of faith, which is an act of repentance and not the removal of limits from him, as the essence of faith has not been removed from him, so likewise it is not required of us to make him repent and remove the limits and rulings from him by our affirmation of the name of disbelief for him before the action, as he has not come with the essence of disbelief which is the denial of God or what He said.
قَالُواThey said::وَلَمَّاAnd whenكَانَthere wasالعِلْمُknowledgeبِاللَّهِof Godإِيْمَانًاfaithوَالْجَهْلُand ignoranceبِهِof Himكُفْرًاdisbelief,,وَكَانَand there wasالْعَمَلُthe actionبِالْفَرَائِضِwith the obligationsإِيْمَانًاfaith,,وَالْجَهْلُand ignoranceبِهَاof themقَبْلَbeforeنُزُولِهَاtheir revelationلَيْسَis notبِكُفْرٍdisbelief،,لَأَنَّbecauseأَصْحَابَthe companionsرَسُولِ اللَّهِof the Messenger of GodﷺقَدْindeedأَقَرُّواacknowledgedبِاللَّهِGodأَوَّلَfirstمَاwhatبُعِثَHe sentاللَّهُGodرَسُولَهُHis Messengerإِلَيْهُمْto them,,وَلَمْand did notيَعْلَمُواknowالْفَرَائِضَthe obligationsالَّتِيwhichافْتُرِضَتْwere made obligatoryعَلَيْهِمْon themبَعْدَafterذَلِكَthat,,فَلَمْtherefore did notيَكُنbeجَهْلُهُمْtheir ignoranceبِذَلِكَof thatكُفْرًاdisbelief,,ثُمَّthenأَنزَلَHe revealedاللَّهُGodعَلَيْهِمْupon themهَذِهِtheseالْفَرَائِضِobligations,,فَكَانَso wasإِقْرَارُهُمْtheir acknowledgmentبِهَاof themوَالْقِيَامُand fulfillingبِهَاwith themإِيْمَانًاfaith,,وَإِنَّمَاand indeedيَكْفُرُone disbelievesمَنْwhoجَحَدَهَاdenied themلِتَكْذِيبِهِfor his denialخَبَرِthe newsاللَّهِof God,,وَلَوْand ifلَمْnotيَأْتِcomeخَبَرٌnewsمِنْfromاللَّهِGodمَاwhatكَانَwould beبِجَهْلِهَاwith their ignoranceكَافِرًاdisbeliever,,وَبَعْدَand afterمَجِيءِthe comingالْخَبَرِthe news,,مِنْfromلَمْwhoيَسْمَعْhas not heardبِالْخَبَرِof the newsمِنْfromالْمُسْلِمِينَthe Muslims,,لَمْnotيَكُنbeبِجَهْلِهَاwith their ignoranceكَافِرًاdisbeliever,,وَالْجَهْلُand ignoranceبِاللَّهِof Godفِيinكُلِّeveryحَالٍcaseكُفْرٌis disbeliefقَبْلَbeforeالْخَبَرِthe newsوَبَعْدَand afterالْخَبَرِthe news.
They said: And when there was knowledge of God, it is faith, and ignorance of Him is disbelief, and when there was action with the obligations, it is faith, and ignorance of them before their revelation is not disbelief, because the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ indeed acknowledged God first when God sent His Messenger to them, and they did not know the obligations which were made obligatory on them after that, therefore their ignorance of that was not disbelief. Then God revealed these obligations to them, so their acknowledgment of them and fulfilling them is faith, and indeed one disbelieves who denies them for his denial of the news of God, and if there did not come news from God, he would not be a disbeliever due to their ignorance, and after the coming of the news, who has not heard of the news from the Muslims would not be a disbeliever due to their ignorance, and ignorance of God in every case is disbelief before the news and after the news.
قَالُواThey said::فَمَنْSo thereforeثُمَّwe sayقُلْنَاthat leaving belief in God is disbeliefإنَّand leaving the obligationsتَرْكٌis a leavingالتَّصْدِيقِof affirmationبِاللَّهِin Godكُفْرٌdisbeliefوَإنْand ifتَرَكَleavingالْفَرَائِضَthe obligationsمَعَwithتَصْدِيقِthe affirmationاللَّهِof Godأَنَّهُthat Heقَدْindeedأَوْجَبَهَاmade obligatoryكُفْرٌdisbeliefلَيْسَis notبِكُفْرٍdisbeliefبِاللَّهِin Godإِنَّمَاrather it isهُوَitكُفْرٌdisbeliefمِنْfromجِهَةِthe aspect ofتَرْكِleavingالْحَقِّthe truth,,كَماasيَقُولُthe one who says:: كَفَرْتَنِيyou denied meحَقِّيmy rightوَنِعْمَتِيand my blessingيُرِيدُwantsضَيَّعْتُI wastedحَقِّيmy rightوَضَيَّعْتُand I wastedشُكْرَthe gratitudeنِعْمَتِيfor my blessing.
They said: So therefore we say that leaving belief in God is disbelief, and leaving the obligations with the affirmation of God that He made them obligatory is a disbelief that is not disbelief in God, rather it is a disbelief from the aspect of leaving the truth, as the one who says: you denied me my right and my blessing wants to say that I wasted my right and I wasted the gratitude for my blessing.
قَالُواThey said::وَلَنَاAnd for usفِيinهَذَاthisقُدْوَةٌis a precedentبِمَنْfrom whomرُوِيَit was narratedعَنْهُمْabout themمِنَofأَصْحَابِthe companionsرَسُولِ اللَّهِof the Messenger of Godوَالتَّابِعِينَand the followers,,إِذْwhenجَعَلُواthey madeلِلْكُفْرِfor disbeliefفُرُوعًاbranchesدُونَwithoutأَصْلِهِits rootلَاnotيَنْقُلُtransfersصَاحِبَهُits ownerعَنْfromمِلَّةِthe religion ofالإِسْلَامِIslam,,كَمَاasأَثْبَتُواthey establishedلِلْإِيْمَانِfor faithمِنَfromجِهَةِthe aspect ofالْعَمَلِthe actionفُرُوعًاbranchesلِلْأَصْلِfor the rootلَاnotيَنْقُلُtransfersتَرْكَهُits abandonmentعَنْfromمِلَّةِthe religion ofالإِسْلَامِIslam.
They said: And for us, in this, is a precedent from those who were narrated about them from the companions of the Messenger of God and the followers when they made for disbelief branches without its root, which do not transfer its owner from the religion of Islam, as they established for faith from the aspect of action branches for the root that do not transfer its abandonment from the religion of Islam.
مِنْFromذَٰلِكَthatقَوْلِthe statementابْنِof IbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasفِيinقَوْلِهِhis saying::﴿وَمَنAnd whoeverلَّمْdoes notيَحْكُمjudgeبِمَاby whatأَنزَلَHe revealedاللَّهُGodفَأُوْلَـٰئِكَthen those areهُمُtheyالْكَافِرُونَthe disbelievers.)قَالَHe saidمُحَمَّدٌMuhammadبْنَbinنَصْرٍNasr::حَدَّثَنَاHe related to usابْنُIbnيَحْيَىYahya,,حَدَّثَنَاHe related to usسُفْيَانُSufyanبْنَbinعُيَيْنَةَUyaynah,,عَنْfromهِشَامٍHishamيَعْنِيmeaningابْنَthe son ofحُجَيْرٍHujayr,,عَنْfromطَاوُسٍTawus,andعَنْfromابْنِthe son ofعَبَّاسٍAbbas:وَمَنAnd whoeverلَمْdoes notيَحْكُمjudgeبِمَاby whatأَنْزَلَHe revealedاللَّهُGodفَأُوْلَـٰئِكَthen those areهُمُtheyالْكَافِرُونَthe disbelievers.)لَيْسَis notبِالْكُفْرِthe disbeliefالَّذِيwhichيَذْهَبُونَthey refer
From that, is the statement of Ibn Abbas in his saying: "And whoever does not judge by what God has revealed, then those are the disbelievers." Muhammad bin Nasr said: He related to us Ibn Yahya, He related to us Sufyan bin Uyaynah, from Hisham, meaning the son of Hujayr, from Tawus, from Ibn Abbas: "And whoever does not judge by what God has revealed, then those are the disbelievers." It is not the disbelief that they refer to.