ثَـبَتًاfirmلِلْمِلَّةِfor the religionالَّتِيwhichيَخْرُجُman exitsبِهَاby itالإِنْسَانُthe humanمِنْfromجَمِيعِallالْمِلَلِreligionsفَتَزُولُand it removesعَنْهُabout himأَسْمَاءَthe namesالْمِلَلِof religionsإِلَّاexceptاسْمَthe nameالإِسْلَامِof Islamوَتُثْبِتُand it confirmsأَحْكَامَthe rulingsالإِسْلَامِof Islamعَلَيْهِupon himوَتَزُولُand it removesعَنْهُabout himأَحْكَامَthe rulingsجَمِيعِof allالْمِلَلِthe religions
It is firm for the religion which man exits by it from all religions, and the names of the religions will be removed from him except the name of Islam, and the rulings of Islam will be confirmed upon him and the rulings of all religions will be removed from him.
فَإِنْThen ifقَالَsaidلَهُمْto themقَائِلٌthe speaker::(لَمَاذَا(Why notلَمْdid notتَقُولُواyou say::كَافِرٌkafirإِنْifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُAllah،,تُرِيدُونَyou intendبِهِby himكَمَالَthe perfectionالْكُفْرِof disbelief،,كَمَاjust asقُلْتُمْyou said::مُؤْمِنٌmu'min / believerإِنْifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُAllah،,تُرِيدُونَyou wantبِهِby itكَمَالَperfectionالإِيمَانِof faith؟?
Then if a speaker said to them: "Why did you not say: Kafir if Allah wills, intending by it the perfection of disbelief, just as you said: Believer if Allah wills, intending by it the perfection of faith?"
قَالُواThey said::لَأَنَّbecauseالْكَافِرَthe kafirمُنْكِرٌis one who deniesلِلْحَقِّthe truth،,وَالْمُؤْمِنُand the believerأَصْلُthe foundationإِيمَانِهِof his faith,,الإِقْرَارُthe acknowledgmentوَالْإِنْكَارُand the denialلَاnoأَوَّلٌbeginningلَهُfor himوَلَاnorآخِرٌend،,فَتَنْتَظِرُand it awaitsبِهِby himالْحَقَائِقَthe realities،,وَandالإِيمَانُthe faithأَصْلُهُits originالتَّصْدِيقُis belief,,وَالْإِقْرَارُand the acknowledgmentيَنْتَظِرُwaitsبِهِby itحَقَائِقَthe realitiesالْأَدَاءِof fulfillmentلِمَاfor whatأَقَرَّhe acknowledgesوَالتَّحْقِيقَand the verificationلِمَاfor whatصَدَقَhe believed.
They said: "Because the kafir is one who denies the truth, and the believer's foundation of his faith is the acknowledgment, and the denial has neither beginning nor end, and thus it awaits the realities, and the foundation of faith is belief, and the acknowledgment waits for the realities of fulfillment for what he acknowledges and the verification for what he believed."
وَمَثَلُAnd a similarذَٰلِكَthatكَمَثَلِis likeرَجُلَيْنِtwo menعَلَيْهِمَاupon themحَقٌّa rightلِرَجُلٍfor a man,,فَسَأَلَso one askedأَحَدُهُمَاone of themحَقَّهُhis right,,فَقَالَso he said::لَيْسَThere is notلَكَfor youعِندِيwith meحَقٌّa right,,فَأَنْكَرَso he deniedوَجَحَدَand rejectedفَلَمْso there remained notيَبْقَstayedلَهُfor himمَنْزِلَةٌa statusيُحَقِّقُto verifyبِهَاby itمَاwhatقَالَhe saidإِذْwhenجَحَدَhe deniedوَأَنْكَرَand rejected،,وَسَأَلَand he askedالْآخَرُthe otherحَقَّهُhis right,,فَقَالَhe said::نَعَمYesلَكَfor youعَلَيَّwith meكِذَاsuchوَكِذَاand such,,فَلَيْسَit is notإِقْرَارُهُhis acknowledgementبِالَّذِيby whichيَصِلُto reachإِلَيْهِto himذَٰلِكَthatحَقَّهُhis rightدُونَwithoutأَنْthatيُوَفِّيهِhe pays itفَهُوَso he isمُنْتَظِرٌwaitingلَهُfor itأَنْthatيُحَقِّقَhe verifiesمَاwhatقَالَhe saidبِالْأَدَاءِwith fulfillment،,وَيُصَدِّقُand he believesإِقْرَارَهُhis acknowledgmentبِالْوَفَاءِwith the payment,,وَلَوْand even ifأَقَرَّhe acknowledgesثُمَّthenلَمْnotيُؤَدِّhe paysإِلَيْهِto himحَقَّهُhis rightكَانَit wasكَمَنْlike someoneجَحَدَهُwho denied itفِيinالْمَعْنَىthe meaningإِذْwhenاسْتَوَيَاthey are equalفِيinالتَّرْكِabandoningلِلْأَدَاءِthe fulfillment،,فَتَحْقِيقُSo to verifyمَاwhatقَالَhe saidأَنْthatيُؤَدِّيhe paysإِلَيْهِto himحَقَّهُhis right,,فَإِنْfor ifأَدَّىhe paysجُزْءًاa partمِنْهُof itحَقَّقَit verifiesبَعْضًاsomeمِمَّاof whatقَالَhe saidوَوَفَّىand paysبِبَعْضٍwith someمِمَّاof whatأَقَرَّhe acknowledgesبِهِby itوَكُلَّمَاand wheneverأَدَّىhe paysجُزْءًاa partازْدَادَhe increasesتَحْقِيقًاthe verificationلِمَاof whatأَقَرَّhe acknowledgedبِهِby itوَعَلَىand uponالْمُؤْمِنِthe believerالأَدَاءِthe fulfillmentأَبَدًاforeverبِمَاby whatأَقَرَّhe acknowledgesبِهِby itحَتَّىuntilيَمُوتَhe dies،,فَمَنْso fromثُمَّthenقُلْنَاwe sayمُؤْمِنٌbelieverإِنْifشَاءَhe willsاللَّهُAllah،,وَلَمْand notنَقُلْwe sayكَافِرٌkafirإِنْifشَاءَhe willsاللَّهُAllah.
And such is the case with two men who have a right for a man. So one of them asked for his right, and he said: 'You have no right with me.' So he denied and rejected, and there remained not for him any status to verify what he said since he denied and rejected. The other asked for his right, and he said: 'Yes, you have upon me such and such.' So his acknowledgment does not reach him his right without fulfilling it; thus he waits for it to fulfill what he said by performance, and he believes his acknowledgment with the payment. And if he acknowledges and then does not pay him his right, he is like one who denied it in meaning since they are equal in the abandonment of performance. So to verify what he said is that he pays him his right, and if he pays part of it, he verifies some of what he said, and he has paid part of what he acknowledged, and whenever he pays a part, he increases the verification of what he acknowledged, and the believer is always required to fulfill what he acknowledged until he dies. Therefore, we say: 'Believer if Allah wills,' and we do not say: 'Kafir if Allah wills.'
قَالَSaidمُحَمَّدٌMuhammadابْنُson ofنَصْرٍNasr::وَقالَتْAnd saidطَائِفَةٌa groupأُخْرَىotherمِنْfromأَصْحَابِthe companionsالْحَدِيثِof Hadithبِمِثْلِlikeمَقَالَةَthe statementsهَـٰؤُلَاءِof these،,إِلَّاexceptأَنَّهُمْthat theyسَمَّوهُnamed himهُhimمُسْلِمًاa Muslimلِخُرُوجِهِfor his exitمِنْfromمِلَلِthe religionsالْكُفْرِof disbelief,,وَلِإِقْرَارِهِand for his acknowledgmentبِاللَّهِof Allah،,وَبِمَاand of whatقَالَhe said,,وَلَمْand notيَسْمُوهُthey named himمُؤْمِنًاa believer,,وَزَعَمُواand they claimed::إِنَّهُمْthat theyمَعَwithتَسْمِيَتِهِمthe namingإِيَّاهُhimبِالإِسْلَامِby Islamكَافِرٌkafir،,لَاnotكَافِرٌkafirبِاللَّهِof Allah,,وَلَكِنbutكَافِرٌkafirمِنْfromطَرِيقِthe wayالْعَمَلِof action,,وَقَالُواand they said::كُفْرٌkafirلَاnotيَنْقُلُtransfersعَنْfromالْمِلَّةِthe religion,,وَقَالُواand they said::مُحَالٌimpossibleأَنْthatيَقُولَhe saysالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet::لَاnotيَزْنِيcommit adulteryالزَّانِيthe fornicatorحِينَwhenيَزْنِيhe commits adulteryوَهُوَand he isمُؤْمِنٌa believerوَالْكُفْرُand the disbeliefضِدٌّis opposite toالإِيمَانِthe faith,,فَلَاand so do notيَزُولُbe removedعَنْهُfrom himاسْمُthe nameالإِيمَانِof faithإِلَّاexceptوَاسْمٌthe nameالْكُفْرِof disbeliefلَازِمٌmust followلَهُfor him,,لَأَنَّbecauseالْكُفْرَthe disbeliefضِدٌّis opposite toالإِيمَانِthe faith,,إِلَّاexceptأَنْthatالْكُفْرَdisbeliefكُفْرَانٌis of two kindsكُفْرٌdisbeliefهُوَisجُحْدٌdenialبِاللَّهِof Allahوَبِمَاand of whatقَالَhe said,,فَذَاكَso that isضِدُّهُits oppositeالإِقْرَارُthe acknowledgmentبِاللَّهِof Allahوَالتَّصْدِيقُand the beliefبِهِin Himوَبِمَاand whatقَالَhe said,,وَكُفْرٌand disbeliefهُوَisعَمَلٌan actionضِدٌّthat opposesالإِيمَانِthe faithالَّذِيwhichهُوَisعَمَلٌan action,,أَلَاdo you notتَرَىseeإِلَىtoمَاwhatرُويَis narratedعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)أَنَّهُthat heقَالَ:«لَا‘Do notيُؤْمِنُbelieveمَنْwhoeverلَاnotيَأْمَنُfeels safeجَارَتَهُhis neighbor'sبَوَائِقِهِ»bad things.'قَالُواThey said::فَإِذَاthen ifلَمْhe does notيُؤْمِنْbelieveفَقَدْthen surelyكَفَرَhe has disbelieved،,وَلَاand notيَجُوزُit is permissibleغَيْرَother thanذَٰلِكَthatإِلَّاexceptأَنَّهُthat heكَفَرَdisbelievedمِنْfromجِهَةِthe aspectالْعَمَلِof action,,إِذْsinceلَمْhe does notيُؤْمِنْbelieveمِنْfromجِهَةِthe aspect٢٥٣253
Muhammad ibn Nasr said: And another group of the companions of Hadith said similarly to these statements, except that they named him a Muslim for his exit from the religions of disbelief and for his acknowledgment of Allah, and by what he said, and they did not name him a believer. They claimed that with their naming him Islam as a kafir, he is not a kafir of Allah, but a kafir in terms of action. They said: Disbelief does not change from the religion. And they said: It is impossible for the Prophet to say: 'The fornicator does not believe while he commits adultery.' And disbelief is the opposite of faith, so the name of faith will not be removed from him except with the name of disbelief being attached to him because disbelief is the opposite of faith, except that disbelief is of two types; one disbelief is denial of Allah and of what He said, and that is opposed to acknowledgment of Allah and belief in Him and in what He said, and disbelief is action against faith, which is also an action. Do you not see what has been narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he said: 'He does not believe whoever does not feel safe from his neighbor's evils.' They said: 'Thus, if he does not believe, he surely disbelieved, and it is not permissible for anything other than that except that he disbelieved from the aspect of action since he does not believe from the aspect.'