إيمَانًاFaithالْبَتَّةَ،at all,بَلْratherهُوَit isكَمَاlikeتَصْدِيقٍbeliefفِرْعَوْنَof Pharaohوَالْيَهُودِthe Jewsوَإِبْلِيسَ،and Iblis,وَهَذَاand thisهُوَisالَّذِيthat whichأُنْكِرَwas deniedالسَّلَفُby the early generationsعَلَىagainstالْجَهْمِيَّةِ.the Jahmi.
Faith is not at all; rather it is like the belief of Pharaoh, the Jews, and Iblis, and this is what was denied by the early generations against the Jahmi.
قَالَHe saidالْحُمَيْدِيُّ:Al-Humaydi:سَمِعْتُI heardوَكِيعًاWaki' saying:أَهْلَThe people ofالسُّنَّةِthe Sunnahيَقُولُونَ:say:الإِيْمَانَFaithقَوْلٌis a statementوَعَمَلٌ،and action,وَالْمُرْجِيَةُand the Murji'aيَقُولُونَ:say:الإِيْمَانَFaithقَوْلٌis a statementوَالْجَهْمِيَّةُand the Jahmi say:الإِيْمَانَFaithالمَعْرِفَةُ،is knowledge,وَفِيand inرِوَايَةٍanother narrationأُخْرَىfrom him:وَهَذَاand thisكُفْرٌis disbelief.
Al-Humaydi said: I heard Waki' saying: The people of the Sunnah say: Faith is a statement and action, while the Murji'a say: Faith is a statement, and the Jahmi say: Faith is knowledge. In another narration from him: and this is disbelief.
قَالَHe saidمُحَمَّدٌMuhammadبِنَbinعُمَرَOmarالْكُلَابِيُّ:Al-Kalabi:سَمِعْتُI heardوَكِيعًاWaki' saying:الْجَهْمِيَّةُthe Jahmiشَرٌّare worseمِنَthanالْقَدَرِيَّةِ،the Qadari.قَالَ:He said:وَقَالَAnd Waki' said:الْمُرْجِيَةُ:the Murji'a are those whoالَّذِينَsay:يَقُولُونَ:the statement sufficesالإِقْرَارَthe testimonyيَجْزِيءُis sufficientعَنْforالْعَمَلِ،the action,وَمَنْand whoeverقَالَsays:هَذَاthisفَقَدْhasهَلَكَ،perished,وَمَنْand whoeverقَالَ:says:النِّيَّةُintentionتَجْزِيءُsufficesعَنْforالْعَمَلِ،the action,فَهُوَhe isكُفْرٌ،disbelief,وَهُوَand it isقَوْلُthe sayingجَهْمٍ،of Jahm,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseقَالَsaidأَحْمَدُAhmadبِنَbinحَنَبَلَ.Hanbal.
Muhammad bin Omar Al-Kalabi said: I heard Waki' say: The Jahmi are worse than the Qadari. He said: And Waki' said: The Murji'a are those who say that the testimony suffices for the action, and whoever says this has perished; and whoever says that the intention suffices for the action is in disbelief, and it is the saying of Jahm, and likewise Ahmad bin Hanbal said.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisكَانَisالْقَوْلُthe statementإِنَّthatالإِيْمَانَfaithقَوْلٌis statementوَعَمَلٌand actionعِندَamongأَهْلِthe people ofالسُّنَّةِ،the Sunnah,وَمِنْand amongشِّعَائِرِthe signs ofالسُّنَّةِ،the Sunnah,وَحَكَىand many reportedغَيْرَthe consensusوَاحِدٍof oneالإِجْمَاعُthe consensusعَلَىon that,وَقَدْand we haveذَكَرْنَاmentionedعَنْaboutالشَّافِعِيِّAl-Shafi'iرَضِيَ اللَّهُmay Allah be pleasedعَنْهُwith himمَاwhatذَكَرَهُhe mentionedمِنْaboutالإِجْمَاعِthe consensusعَلَىon that,قَوْلِهِhis sayingفِيin«الأُمِّ» :the 'Um book:وَكَانَand the consensusالإِجْمَاعُwasمِنَamongالْصَّحَابَةِthe Companionsوَالتَّابِعِينَand the Tabi'inمِنَafter themبَعْدَهُمْand who we have metوَمَنْand those whomأَدْرَكْنَاهُمْwe have reachedيَقُولُونَ:say:إِنَّthatالإِيْمَانَfaithقَوْلٌis statementوَعَمَلٌand actionوَنِيَّةٌ،and intention;
And for this reason, it is stated that faith is statement and action among the people of the Sunnah. Many reported the consensus on this, and we have mentioned from Al-Shafi'i, may Allah be pleased with him, what he mentioned about the consensus on this in his book 'Um: The consensus among the Companions and the Tabi'in after them, and those we have reached say that faith is statement, action, and intention.
لَاNoneيَجْزِيءُsufficesوَاحِدٌoneمِنَofالثَّلاثَةِthe threeإِلَّاexceptبِالْآخَرِ،with the other,وَذَكَرَand mentionedابْنُIbnأَبِيAbiحَاتِمٍHatimفِيin«مُنَاقِبِهِ»his virtues.سَمِعْتُI heardحَرْمَلَةَHarmala say:اجْتَمَعَGatheredحَفْصٌHafsaالْفَرْدُthe individualوْمِصْلاقٌand Mislaqالإِبَاضِيُّthe IbadhiعِندَatالشَّافِعِيِّAl-Shafi'iفِيinدَارِthe houseالْجُرْوِيِّ،of Al-Jurwi.فَتَنَاظَرَاThey debatedمَعَهُwith himفِيaboutالإِيْمَانِ،faith,فَاحْتَجَّso Mislaq presentedمِصْلاقٌhis argumentفِيonالزِّيَادَةِincreaseوَالنُّقْصَانِ،and decrease,وَاحْتَجَّتْand Hafsa arguedحَفْصٌHafsaالْفَرْدُthe individualفِيaboutأَنْthatالإِيْمَانَ،faith,قَوْلٌis statement.فَعَلَتْActionحَفْصٌHafsaالْفَرْدُthe individualعَلَىagainstمِصْلاقٍMislaqوَقَوِّيَتْand he strengthenedعَلَيْهِagainst himوَضَعُفَ،and weakened,مِصْلاقٌ.Mislaq.فَاحْمَلِيSo Al-Shafi'i became heatedالشَّافِعِيُّAl-Shafi'iوَتَقَلَّدَand he tookالمَسْأَلَةَthe issueعَلَىthatأَنْthatالإِيْمَانَfaithقَوْلٌis statementوَعَمَلٌand actionيَزِيدُincrementsوَيَنْقُصُand decreases.فَطَحَنَHe prevailedحَفْصًاin favor of Hafsaالْفَرْدِ،the individual,وَقَطَعَهُ.and cut him off.
None of the three suffices without the other, and Ibn Abi Hatim mentioned in his virtues: I heard Harmala say: Hafsa the individual and Mislaq the Ibadhi gathered at Al-Shafi'i in the house of Al-Jurwi. They debated with him about faith; Mislaq argued for increase and decrease, while Hafsa argued that faith is a statement. Hafsa the individual prevailed over Mislaq and strengthened his stance against him while Mislaq faltered; then Al-Shafi'i became heated and took on the issue, stating that faith is a statement and action that increases and decreases, and he prevailed over Hafsa the individual, cutting him off.
وَرَوَىAnd narratedأَبُوAbuعُمَرَUmarالطَّلْمَنْكِيُّAl-Talmunkiبِإِسْنَادِهِwith his chain of narratorsالْمَعْرُوفِknownعَنْfromمُوسَىMusaبِنَbinهَارُونَHarunالْحَمَّالِthe carrier.قَالَ:He said:أَمْلَىDictated to usعَلَيْنَاupon usإِسْحَاقَIshaqبِنَbinرَاهَوِيَّه:Rahwayh:إِنَّthatالإِيْمَانَfaithقَوْلٌis statementوَعَمَلٌand actionيَزِيدُincreasesوَيَنْقُصُ،and decreases,لَاnoشَكٌّdoubtأَنَّthatذَلِكَthat is whatكَمَاasوَصَفْنَاwe described.وَإِنَّمَاAnd we haveعَقَلْنَاunderstood thisبِرِوَايَاتٍby the authentic narrationsالصَّحِيحَةِthe soundوَالْآثَارِand the general evidenceالْعَامَّةِthe generalالْمُحْكَمَةِ،established,وَآحَادٍand singularlyأَصْحَابِthe companionsرَسُولِof the Messengerاللَّهِ ﷺ،of Allah, peace be upon him,وَالتَّابِعِينَ،and the Tabi'in,وَهَلُمَّand so forthجَرًّاcontinuedعَلَىon that,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseبَعْدَafterالتَّابِعِينَthe Tabi'inمِنَfromأَهْلِthe people ofالعِلْمِknowledgeعَلَىonشَيْءٍone thingوَاحِدٍwithoutلَاnoيَخْتَلِفُونَdisagreementفِي،in that,وَكَذَلِكَand alsoفِيinعَهْدِthe era ofالأَوْزَاعِيِّAl-Awza'iبِالشَّامِ،in Sham,وَسُفْيَانَand SufyanالثَّوْرِيِّAl-Thawriبِالْعِرَاقِin Iraqوَمَالِكٌand MalikبِنَbinأَنَسٍAnasبِالْحِجَازِ،in Hijaz,وَمَعْمَرٌand Ma'marبِالْيَمَنِin Yemenعَلَىin the wayمَاwhatفَسَّرْنَاwe explainedوَبَيَّنَاand clarifiedأَنَّthatالإِيْمَانَfaithقَوْلٌis statementوَعَمَلٌand actionيَزِيدُincreasesوَيَنْقُصُ.and decreases.
And Abu Umar Al-Talmunki narrated with his known chain from Musa bin Harun the carrier, who said: Ishaq bin Rahwayh dictated to us: that faith is statement and action that increases and decreases. There is no doubt it is as we described, and we understood this through the authentic narrations and the established general evidence of the companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and the Tabi'in, and so forth continuously on that. Likewise, after the Tabi'in, the people of knowledge agreed unanimously on one point. And in the time of Al-Awza'i in Sham, Sufyan Al-Thawri in Iraq, Malik bin Anas in Hijaz, and Ma'mar in Yemen, we have explained and clarified that faith is statement and action that increases and decreases.
وَقَالَAnd saidإِسْحَاقُ:Ishaq:مَنْwhoeverتَرَكَleavesالصَّلَاةَthe prayerمُتَعَمِّدًاintentionallyحَتَّىuntilذَهَبَتْthe timeوَقْتُهَا،has gone,الظُّهْرَthe noonإِلَىtoالْمَغْرِبِ،the Maghrib,وَإِنَّمَاand certainlyهُوَisمُسْتَوْجِبٌworthyالْعُقُوبَةَ،of punishment,فَإِنَّfor, ifالْحَدِيثَthe narration.
And Ishaq said: Whoever intentionally leaves the prayer until its time has passed, from the noon to the Maghrib, is certainly deserving of punishment, as it is stated in the narration.