يُؤْمِنُbelievesبِاللَّهِin Godوَandيُؤْمِنُbelievesلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَin the believers
He believes in God and in the believers.
فَيُصَدِّقُهُمْand he confirms themفِيمَاin whatأَخْبَرُواthey informedبِهِaboutمِمَّاof whatغَابَwas absent
And he confirms them in what they informed about of what was absent.
عَنْهُ،from him,وَهُوَand he isمَأْمُونٌtrustworthyعِندَهُمْwith themعَلَىon that,فَالْلَّفْظُthe termمُتَضَمِّنٌincludesمَعَwithالتَّصْدِيقِthe confirmationوَمَعْنَىand the meaningالْاِئْتِمَانِof trustوَالأَمَانَةُand honestyكَمَاasيَدُلُّindicatedعَلَيْهِon itالِاسْتِعْمَالُ،the usage,وَالِاشْتِقَاقُ،and derivation,وَلِهَذَاand that's whyقَالُوا:they said:﴿وَمَاAnd whatأَنتَyou areبِمُؤْمِنٍnot a believerلَنَا﴾to us.
And he is trustworthy with them on that, so the term includes both confirmation and the meaning of trust and honesty, as indicated by the usage and derivation. And that's why they said: "And what you are to us is not a believer."
أَيThat isلَاnotتُقِرُّyou acknowledgeبِخَبَرِنَا،our news,وَلَاnorتَثِقُdo you trustبِهِ،it,وَلَاnorتَطْمَئِنُّyou feel secureإِلَيْهِ،in it,وَلَوْeven ifكُنَّا،we were,صَادِقِينَtruthfulلِأَنَّهُمْfor theyلَمdid notيَكُونُواbeعِندَهُwith himمِمَّنْamong whoيُؤْتَمَنُونَare trustedعَلَىwith that,فَلَوْif theyصَدَقُواwere truthfulلَمwould notيَأْمَنُواhe feel secureلَهُمْ.for them.
That is, you do not acknowledge our news, nor do you trust it, nor do you feel secure in it, even if we were truthful, for they were not with him among those who are trusted with that, so if they were truthful, he would not feel secure for them.
الثَّالِثُ:The third:أَنْthatلَفْظُthe termالْإِيمَانِfaithفِيinاللُّغَةِlanguageلَمdid notيُقَابَلْopposeبِالتَّكْذِيبِ،with denial,كَكَلِمَةِas the termالتَّصْدِيقِ،confirmation,فَإِنَّهُfor it isمِنofالمَعْلُومِknownفِيinاللُّغَةِthe languageأَنْthatكُلَّeveryمُخْبِرٍinformerيُقَالُ لَهُ:is said to him:صَدَقْتَYou have confirmedأَوْorكَذَّبْتَ،you have denied,وَيُقَالُ:and it is said:صَدَّقْنَاهُ،We confirmed him,أَوْorكَذَّبْنَاهُ،we denied him.وَلَاAnd notيُقَالُit is saidلِكُلِّto everyمُخْبِرٍinformerآمَنَّاwe believeلَهُ أَوْin him orكَذَّبْنَاهُ،we denied him,وَلَاnorيُقَالُ:is it said:أَنْتَYou areمُؤْمِنٌa believerلَهُ،in him,أَوْorمُكَذِّبٌa denierلَهُ،for him,بَلْbutالمَعْرُوفُthe knownفِيinمُقَابَلَةِthe opposition ofالْإِيمَانِfaithلَفْظُthe termالْكُفْرِ،unbelief,يُقَالُ:it is said:هُوَhe isمُؤْمِنٌa believerأَوْorكَافِرٌ،an unbeliever,وَالْكُفْرُand disbeliefلَاdoes notيَخْتَصُّspecifically applyبِالتَّكْذِيبِ،to denialبَلْbutلَوْifقَالَhe saidأَنَاIأَعْلَمُknowأَنَّكَthat you areصَادِقٌ،truthful,لَكِنَّbutلَاnotأَتْبَعُكَ،follow you,بَلْratherأُعَادِيكَI oppose youوَأَبْغَضُكَand I hate youوَأُخَالِفُكَand I disagree with youوَلَاand notأُوَافِقُكَ،I agree with you,لَكَانَthen it would have beenكُفْرُهُhis disbeliefأَعْظَمَ،greater.فَلَمَّاSo whenكَانَit wasالْكُفْرُdisbeliefالْمُقَابِلُin oppositionلِلْإِيمَانِto faithلَيْسَis notهُوَonlyالتَّكْذِيبَthe denialفَقَط،only,عُلِمَit is knownأَنَّthatالْإِيمَانَfaithلَيْسَis notهُوَonlyالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmation.بَلْRather,إِذَاifكَانَit isالْكُفْرُdisbeliefيَكُونُit isتَكْذِيبًا،denial,وَيَكُونُand it isمُخَالَفَةًcontradictionوَمُعَادَاةًand enmityوَامْتِنَاعًاand refusalبِلَاwithoutتَكْذِيبٍ،denial,فَلَاthen there is noبُدَّ أَنْway butيَكُونَit must beالْإِيمَانُfaithتَصْدِيقًاconfirmationمَعَwithمُوَافَقَةٍagreementوَمُوَالَاةٍand allegianceوَانِقِيَادٍ،and submission,لَاnotيَكْفِيsufficientمَجَرَّدَmerelyالتَّصْدِيقِ،the affirmation,فَيَكُونَso it isالإِسْلَامُIslamجُزْءٌpartمَسَمَّىof the definition ofالإِيمَانِ،faith,كَمَاjust asكَانَit wasالِامْتِنَاعُthe refusalالْكُفْرَ،unbelief,فَيَجِبُand it must beأَنْthatيَكُونَit isكُلُّeveryمُؤْمِنٍbelieverالتَّصْدِيقُthe affirmationجُزْءًpartمَسَمَّىof the definition ofالِانْقِيَادِsubmissionمَعَwithمُنْقَادًاbeing submissiveلِلْأَمْرِ،to the command,وَهَذَاand thisهُوَisالْعَمَلُ.the action.
The third: that the term faith in language does not oppose denial, as the term affirmation; for it is known in the language that every informer is said to him: You have confirmed or you have denied, and it is said: We confirmed him, or we denied him. And it is not said to every informer that we believe in him or we denied him, nor is it said: You are a believer in him or a denier in him, but the known in opposition to faith is the term disbelief; it is said: He is a believer or an unbeliever. And disbelief does not specifically apply to denial; rather, if he said: I know you are truthful, but I will not follow you, rather I oppose you, and I hate you, and I disagree with you, and I do not agree with you, then his disbelief would be greater. So when disbelief which opposes faith is not only denial, it is known that faith is not only affirmation. Rather, if disbelief may entail denial and may also be contradiction, enmity, and refusal without denial, then it must be that faith is confirmation coupled with agreement, allegiance, and submission; mere affirmation is not sufficient, so Islam is part of the definition of faith, just as refusal is disbelief. Therefore, every believer must have submission as part of the definition of faith with being submissive to the command, and this is the action.
فَإِنَّFor ifقِيلَ:it is said:فَالرَّسُولُthe Messengerﷺ(peace be upon him)فَسَّرَexplainedالإِيمَانَfaithبِمَاby whatيُؤْمِنُbelievesبِهِ.in it.
For if it is said: The Messenger (peace be upon him) explained faith by what he believes in.
قِيلَ:It is said:فَالرَّسُولُThe Messengerذَكَرَmentionedمَاwhatيُؤْمِنُhe believesبِهِ،in it,لَمhe did notيَذْكُرmentionمَاwhatيُؤْمِنُhe believesلَهُ،in it,وَهُوَand he (the Messenger)
It is said: The Messenger mentioned what he believes in, but he did not mention what he believes for it, and he himself must believe in it and for it.
فَالْإِيمَانُFor faithبِهِin itمِنfromحَيْثُthe aspect ofثُبُوتِهِits establishmentغَيْبٌis unseen.
For faith in it, from the aspect of its establishment, is unseen.
عَنَّاfrom usأَخْبَرَنَاHe informed usبِهِ،about it,وَلَيْسَand notكُلُّeveryغَيْبٍunseenآمَنَّاwe believeبِهِ.in it.عَلَيْنَاIt is upon us to obey.أَنْthatنُطِيعَهُwe obey him.
He informed us about it, and not every unseen we believe in; it is upon us to obey.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forمَاwhatيَجِبُmustمِنofالإِيمَانِfaithلَهُ،in it,فَهُوَit isالَّذِيthat whichيُوجِبُobligesطَاعَتَهُ،the obedience,وَالرَّسُولُand the Messengerيَجِبُmustالإِيمَانُthe faithبِهِin himوَلَهُand for itفَيَنْبَغِيit is incumbentأَنْthatيُعْرَفَit is knownهَذَا،this,وَأَيْضًاand alsoفَإِنَّfor ifطَاعَتَهُhis obedienceطَاعَةٌis obedienceاللَّهِ،to God,وَطَاعَةُand obedienceاللَّهِto Godمِنis ofتَمَامِthe completeالإِيمَانِ.faith.
And as for what must be of faith in it, it is that which obliges obedience, and the Messenger must have faith in him and for it, and it is necessary that it is known; and furthermore, his obedience is obedience to God, and obedience to God is part of complete faith.