بِتَرْكِby leavingالصِّيَامِthe fastingوَالحَّجِّ،and the pilgrimage,إِذَاifعَزَمَhe determinedأَنَّهُthat heلَاnotيَحُجَّperform pilgrimageأَبَدًا،ever,وَمَعْلُومٌand it is knownأَنَّهُthat itعَلَىaccording toالْقَوْلِthe sayingبِكُفْرٍof disbeliefتَارِكٍof one who leaves
By leaving fasting and pilgrimage, if he determines that he will never perform pilgrimage, it is known that according to the saying of disbelief of one who leaves.
الْمَبَانِيْThe foundationsيَمْتَنِعُforbidأَنْtoيَكُونَbeالْإِسْلَامُIslamمُجَرَّدًاmerelyالْكَلِمَةِ،the word,بَلْratherالْمُرَادُthe intended meaningأَنَّهُis that itإِذَاifأَتَىcomesبِالْكَلِمَةِwith the wordدَخَلَhe entersفِيintoالْإِسْلَامِIslamوَهَذَاand thisصَحِيحٌ،is correct,فَإِنَّهُfor indeed heيَشْهَدُtestifiesلَهُfor himبِالْإِسْلَامِto be a Muslimوَلَاand not toيَشْهَدَtestifyلَهُfor himبِالْإِيْمَانِto have faithالَّذِيwhichفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartوَلَاand does notيَسْتَثْنِيَexcludeفِيinهَذَاthisالْإِسْلَامِ،Islam,لَأَنَّهُbecause itأَمْرٌis a matterمَشْهُورٌ،well known,لَكِنَّbutالْإِسْلَامَthe Islamالَّذِيwhichهُوَisأَدَاءُthe performanceالْخَمْسِof the fiveكَمَاasأُمِرَcommandedبِهِby itيُقْبَلُis acceptableالِاسْتِثْنَاءُ،the exclusion,فَالْإِسْلَامُfor Islamالَّذِيwhichلَاnotيَسْتَثْنِيَexcludeفِيْهِin itالشَّهَادتَانِthe two testimoniesبِالْلِّسَانِby the tongueفَقَطْ،only,فَإِنَّهَاfor itلَاdoes notتَزِيدُincreaseوَلَاand does notتَنْقُصُdecreaseفَلَاso there is noاسْتِثْنَاءٌexceptionفِيْهِ.in it.
The foundations forbid that Islam be merely the word; rather, the intended meaning is that if he comes with the word, he enters into Islam, and this is correct, for indeed he testifies for him to be a Muslim and does not testify for him to have faith that is in the heart. There is no exclusion in this Islam because it is a well-known matter. However, the Islam that is the performance of the five as commanded accepts exclusion, for the Islam that does not accept exclusion is the two testimonies by the tongue only; for it does not increase or decrease, thus there is no exception in it.
وَقَدْAnd thereصَارَhave becomeالنَّاسُpeopleفِيinمُسَمَّاهُits namingالْإِسْلَامِIslamعَلَىonثَلاَثَةِthreeأَقْوَالٍ :sayings:قِيلَ :It was said:هُوَit isالْإِيمَانُfaithوَهُمَاand they areاسْمَانِtwo namesلِمُسَمَّىfor one meaningوَاحِدٍoneوَقِيلَand it was saidهُوَit isالْكَلِمَةُthe wordوَهَذَانِand these twoالْقَوْلَانِsayingsلَهُمَاhave for themوَجْهٌa faceسَنَذْكُرُهُ،we will mention it,لَكِنَّbutالتَّحْقِيقَthe verificationابْتِدَاءًinitiallyهُوَisمَاwhatبَيَّنَهُhe clarifiedالنَّبِيُّthe ProphetلَمَّاwhenسُئِلَaskedعَنْaboutالْإِسْلَامِIslamوَالْإِيمَانِ،and faith,فَفَسَّرَhe explainedالْإِسْلَامَIslamبِالْأَعْمَالِby actionsالظَّاهِرَةِthe apparentوَالْإِيمَانَand faithبِالْإِيمَانِby faithبِالْأُصُولِby the fiveالْخَمْسَةِ،foundations,فَلَيْسَso there is notلَنَاfor usإِذَاifجَمَعْنَاwe combineبَيْنَbetweenالْإِسْلَامِIslamوَالْإِيمَانِand faithأَنْtoنُجِيبَrespondبِغَيْرِother thanمَاwhatأَجَابَhe answeredبِهِby itالنَّبِيُّ،the Prophet,وَأَمَّاand as forإِذَاifأَفْرَدَhe singles outاسْمَthe nameالْإِيمَانِ،of faith,فَإِنَّهُthen itيَتَضَمَّنُincludesالْإِسْلَامَ،Islam,وَإِذَاand ifأَفْرَدَhe singles outالْإِسْلَامَ،Islam,فَقَدْthen he mayيَكُونَbeمَعَwithالْإِسْلَامِIslamمُؤْمِنًاa believerبِلَاwithoutنِزَاعٍ،controversy,وَهَذَاand thisهُوَisالْوَاجِبُthe dutyوَهَلْand whetherيَكُونُis itمُسْلِمًاMuslimوَلَاand notيُقَالُbe saidلَهُfor him: مُؤْمِنٌ؟ believer?قَدْit has beenتَقَدَّمَproceededالْكَلَامُthe speechفِيْهِin itوَكَذَلِكَand likewiseهَلْis itيَسْتَلْزِمُrequireالْإِسْلَامَIslamلِلْإِيمَانِ؟for faith?هَذَاthisفِيْهِin itالنِّزَاعُthe disputeالْمَذْكُورُmentionedوَسَنُبَيِّنُهُ،and we will clarify it,وَالْوَعْدُand the promiseالَّذِيwhichفِيinالْقُرْآنِthe Quranبِالْجَنَّةِof Paradiseوَبِالنَّجَاةِand salvationمِنَfromالْعَذَابِthe punishmentإِنَّمَاis onlyهُوَitمُعَلَّقٌsuspendedبِاسْمِon the nameالْإِيمَانِ،of faith,وَأَمَّاwhileاسْمُthe nameالْإِسْلَامِIslam,مُجَرَّدًا،simply,فَمَاwhatعُلِّقَis suspendedبِهِby itفِيinالْقُرْآنِthe Quranدُخُولَthe enteringالْجَنَّةِ،Paradise,لَكِنَّهُbut itفُرِضَهُenjoined itوَأَخْبَرَand informedأَنَّهُthat itدِينٌreligionهُوَisالَّذِيthat whichلَاnotيُقْبَلُacceptsمِنْfromأَحَدٍanyoneسِوَىٰهُ،besides it,وَبِالْإِسْلَامِand with Islamبُعِثَwas sentاللَّهُGodجَمِيعَallالنَّبِيِّينَ،the prophets,قَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:Exalted is He:﴿وَمَن"And whoeverيَبْتَغِseeksغَيْرَother thanالإِسْلَامِIslamدِينًاreligionفَلَنthen certainly notيُقْبَلَwill it be acceptedمِنْهُfrom himوَهُوَand he isفِيinالْآخِرَةِthe Hereafterمِنَofالْخَاسِرِينَ ) [آل عمران]the losers." [Imran]وَقَالَ:And He said:﴿إِنَّ"Indeed,الدِّينَthe religionعِندَwithاللَّهِGodالْإِسْلَامُIslam."[آل عمران:[Imran: 19]وَقَالَAnd he said:نُوحٌ:Noah:يَقُومُ"Standإِنْifكَانَthere isكَبُرَdifficultعَلَيْكُمْfor youمَّقَامِيmy standingوَتَذْكِيرِيand my remindingبِشَايَتِ اللَّهِwith God's reminders.فَعَلَىSo uponاللَّهِGodتَوَكَّلْتُI relyفَاجْمِمُواSo come togetherأَمْرَكُمْyour affairوَشُرَكَاءَكُمْand your partnersثُمَّthenلَاdo notيَكُنlet it beأَمْرَكُمyour affairعَلَيْكُمْupon youغُمَّةًa confusion.ثُمَّThenأَقْضُواexecuteإِلَيَّto meوَلَاand do notتُنظِرُونِdelay me.فَإِنFor ifتَوَلَّيْتُمْyou turn awayفَمَاthen whatسَأَلْتُكُمI asked youمِّنْfromأَجْرٍreward,إِنْifأَجْرِيَmy rewardإِلَّاexceptعَلَىonاللَّهِGod.وَأُمِرْتُAnd I was commandedأَنْto beأَكُونَone ofالْمُسْلِمِينَ ) [يونس]the Muslims." [Yunus]وَقَدْAnd he has saidأَخْبَرَinformedأَنَّهُthat heلَمْnotيُنْجِsaveمِنَfromالْعَذَابِthe punishmentإِلَّاexceptالْمُؤْمِنِينَ.the believers.فَقَالَ:He said:﴿قُلْنَا"We said,أَحْمِلْCarryفِيهَاin itمِن كُلِّfrom everyزَوْجَيْنِpair of twoاثْنَيْنِtwoوَأَهْلَكَand your family exceptإِلَّاexceptمَنwhoسَبَقَhas pastعَلَيْهِupon himالْقَوْلُthe saying.وَمَنْAnd whoeverمَاnothingمَنwhoعَامَنَbelieved.مَعَددamong few,إِلَّاexceptقَلِيلٌ ) [هود]few." [Hud]وَقَالَ:He said:﴿وَأُوحِيَ"And was revealedإِلَىtoنُوحٍNoahأَنَّهُthat heلَنwould notيَؤْمِلَhe would believe.
And he has said in a way that has become three sayings regarding Islam: It was said: It is faith, both being names for a single entity, and it was said: It is the word, and these two sayings have their validity, which we will mention. But the verification initially is what the Prophet clarified when he was asked about Islam and faith, explaining that Islam is by outward works and faith by the five foundations. There is not for us, when we combine Islam and faith, to respond other than what the Prophet answered. And as for if the name of faith is singled out, it includes Islam. And if Islam is singled out, it may be with Islam that one is a believer without dispute, and this is obligated. Is it possible to be a Muslim and not be called a believer? This matter has been discussed, as well as whether Islam necessarily entails faith. This involves the mentioned dispute, which we will elucidate. The promise in the Quran regarding Paradise and salvation from the punishment is only suspended on the name of faith, while the name of Islam, simply, does not have anything in the Quran concerning entering Paradise. But God commanded it, informing that it is His religion, which is not accepted from anyone besides it. And through Islam, God sent all the prophets. God Almighty said: "And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will not be accepted from him, and he will be among the losers in the Hereafter." [Imran] And He said: "Indeed, the religion with God is Islam." [Imran: 19] And Noah said: "Stand if it is burdensome for you concerning my standing and my reminding with the signs from God. So I rely upon God; so gather your affairs and your partners, then do not let your affairs confuse you. Then execute to me, and do not delay me. If you turn away, then I have not asked you for a reward; my reward is only upon God, and I was commanded to be of the Muslims." [Yunus] And He has said that he has not saved from punishment except for the believers, saying: "We said, ‘Carry in it of every pair of two and your family except for whom the saying has come upon and who has believed among few." [Hud] And He said: "And was revealed to Noah that he would not believe."