وَقَدْAndتَقَدَّمَadvancedقَوْلٌthe statementمِنْofقَالَsaidإِنَّهُمْthat theyأَسْلَمُواconverted to Islamبِغَيْرِwithoutقِتَالٍfighting
And the statement of those who said: that they converted to Islam without fighting.
فَهَـؤُلاءَTheseكَانُواwereأَحْسَنَbetterإِسْلَامًاin Islamمِنْthanغَيْرِهِمothers
These were better in Islam than others.
وَأَنَّAnd thatاللَّهَAllahذَمَّهُمْcriticized themلِكَوْنِهِمfor their beingمَنُّواmade a show ofبِالإِسْلَامِIslamوَأَنزَلَand revealedفِيهِمabout themوَلَاDo notتَبْطِلُواinvalidateأَعْمَالَكُمْyour deeds
And that Allah criticized them for their being showy about Islam and revealed about them: 'And do not invalidate your deeds'.
مِنْfromجِنْسِthe kindأَهْلِof the peopleالكَبَائِرِof the major sins
From the kind of the people of major sins.
وَأَيْضًاAlsoقَوْلُهُHis statementوَلَكِنَbutقُولُواsayأَسْلَمْنَاWe have converted to Islamوَلَمَّاand not yetيَدْخُلِhas enteredالإِيمَانُthe faithفِيintoقُلُوبِكُمْyour hearts
Also His statement: 'But say, We have converted to Islam, and faith has not yet entered into your hearts'.
وَمَاAnd not(لَمَّا)(not yet)إِنَّمَاonlyيُنْتَفَىis negatedبِهَاby itمَاwhatيُنتَظَرُis expectedوَيَكُونَand it isحُصُولُهits occurrenceمُتَرَقَّبًاawaited,,كَقَوْلِهِlike His saying::أَمْDidحَسِبْتُمْyou thinkأَنْthatتَدْخُلُواyou will enterالْجَنَّةَParadiseوَلَمَّاand not yetيَعْلَمِHe knowsاللَّهُAllahالَّذِينَthose whoجَهَدُواstruggledمِنْكُمْamong youوَيَعْلَمَand knowsالصَّابِرِينَthe patient ones
And not only does it negate what is awaited, as in His saying: 'Did you think that you would enter Paradise while Allah has not yet known those who struggled among you and knows the patient ones?'
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying:أَمْorحَسِبْتُمْDid you thinkأَنْthatتَدْخُلُواyou will enterالْجَنَّةَParadiseوَلَمَّاand not yetيَأْتِكُمhas come to youمَّثَلُthe example ofالَّذِينَthose whoخَلَوْاpassedمِنْfromقَبْلِكُمْbefore you
And His saying: 'Or did you think that you would enter Paradise while the example of those who came before you has not yet come to you?'
فَقَوْلُهُSo His saying:وَلَمَّاand not yetيَدْخَلِhas enteredالإِيمَانُthe faithفِيintoقُلُوبِكُمْyour hearts
So His saying: 'And not yet has faith entered into your hearts' indicates that the entry of faith is awaited from them.
فَإِنَّFor indeedالَّذِيthe one whoيَدْخُلُentersفِيinالإِسْلَامِIslamابْتِدَاءًinitiallyلَاdoes notيَكُونُbeقَدْalreadyحَصَلَgainedفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartالإِيمَانَthe faith
For indeed, the one who first enters Islam does not have faith already gained in his heart.
لَكِنَّهُBut itيَحْصُلُoccursفِيْمَاlaterبَعْدَafterكَمَاasفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadith:كَانَThere wasالرَّجُلُa manيُسْلِمُwho converted to Islamأَوَّلَat the beginningالنَّهَارِof the dayرَغْبَةًout of desireفِيforالدُّنْيَاthe worldفَلَاand notيَجِيءُcameآخِرُthe endالنَّهَارِof the dayإِلَّاexceptوَandالإِسْلَامُIslamأَحَبُّis more belovedإِلَيْهِto himمِمَّاthan whatطَلَعَتْhas risenعَلَيْهِon itالشَّمْسُthe sun
But it occurs later, as in the hadith: 'There was a man who converted to Islam at the beginning of the day out of a desire for the world, but by the end of the day, Islam was more beloved to him than what the sun has risen upon.'
وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonكَانَthere wereعَامَّةٌmanyالَّذِينَof those whoأَسْلَمُواconverted to Islamرَغْبَةًout of desireوَرَهْبَةًand fearدَخَلَenteredالإِيمَانُthe faithفِيintoقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsبَعْدَafterذَٰلِكَthat
And for this reason, many of those who converted to Islam out of desire and fear had faith enter into their hearts after that.
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying:وَلَكِنَbutقُولُواsayأَسْلَمْنَاWe have converted to Islam،,أَمْرٌis an orderلَهُمْfor themبِأَنْto sayيَقُولُواthat they sayذَٰلِكَthat.وَالْمُنَافِقُAnd the hypocriteلَاdoes notيُؤْمَرُcommandedبِشَيْءٍwith anything.
And His saying: 'But say, We have converted to Islam' is an order for them to say this, and the hypocrite is not commanded with anything.
ثُمَّThenقَالَhe said:﴿وَإِن'And ifتُطِيعُواyou obeyاللَّهَAllahوَرَسُولَهُand His Messengerلَاnotيَلْتَكُمit will change youمِّنْfromأَعْمَالِكُمْyour deedsشَيْئًاanything.
Then he said: 'And if you obey Allah and His Messenger, it will not change you from your deeds anything.'
وَالْمُنَافِقُAnd the hypocriteلَاdoes notتَنْفَعُهbenefit himطَاعَةُthe obedienceاللَّهِof Allahوَرَسُولِهِand His Messengerحَتَّىuntilيُؤْمِنَhe believesأَوَّلًاfirst.
And the hypocrite does not benefit from the obedience of Allah and His Messenger until he believes first.
وَهَذِهِAnd thisالْآيَةُverseمِمَّاis part of whatاحْتَجَّ بِهَاwas used as an argument byأَحْمَدُAhmadابْنَibnحَنْبَلٍHanbalوَغَيْرِهِand othersعَلَىagainstأَنَّهُthatيُسْتَثْنَىit is exemptedفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithدُونَwithoutالإِسْلَامِIslam.وَأَنَّAnd thatأَصْحَابَthe companionsالكَبَائِرِof major sinsيُخْرَجُونَare taken outمِنَfromالإِيمَانِthe faithإِلَىtoالإِسْلَامِIslam.
And this verse is part of what Ahmad ibn Hanbal and others used as an argument that it is exempted in faith without Islam, and that the companions of major sins are taken out from faith to Islam.
قَالَHe said:المَيْمُونِيُّthe MaimouniسَأَلْتُI askedأَحْمَدَAhmadابْنَibnحَنْبَلٍHanbalعَنْaboutرَأْيِهِhis opinionفِي: أَنَاI amمُؤْمِنٌa believerإِنْifشَاءَAllah wills
He said: The Maimouni said: I asked Ahmad ibn Hanbal about his opinion: 'I am a believer if Allah wills?'
فَقَالَHe said:أَقُولُI sayمُؤْمِنٌI am a believerإِنْifشَاءَAllah willsوَأَقُولُand I sayمُسْلِمٌI am a Muslimوَلَاand do notأَسْتَثْنِيexclude.
He said: 'I say: I am a believer if Allah wills, and I say: I am a Muslim and do not exclude anything.'
قَالَHe said:قُلْتُI saidلِأَحْمَدَto Ahmad:تَفَرَّقَDo you differentiateبَيْنَbetweenالإِسْلَامِIslamوَالْإِيمَانِand faith?فَقَالَHe said to me:نَعَمYes.
He said: I said to Ahmad: 'Do you differentiate between Islam and faith?' He said to me: 'Yes.'
فَقُلْتُI said to him:بِأَيِّBy whatشَيْءٍthingتَحْتَجُّdo you use as evidence?:قَالَ لِيHe said to me:﴿قَالَتِ'The Bedouins saidالْأَعْرَابُthe ArabsعَامَنَّاWe believeقُلْSayلَمْyou have notتُؤْمِنُواbelievedوَلَكِنbutقُولُواsayأَسْلَمْنَاWe have converted to Islam.
I said to him: 'By what thing do you use as evidence?' He said to me: 'The Bedouins said: We believe, say: You have not yet believed, but say: We have converted to Islam.'
وَذَكَرَAnd mentionedأَشْيَاءَthings.
And he mentioned other things.
وَقَالَAnd he saidالشَّالَنْجِيُّAl-Shalanji:سَأَلْتُI askedأَحْمَدَAhmadعَمَّنْabout thoseقَالَwho saidأَنَاI amمُؤْمِنٌa believerعِندَaccording toنَفْسِيmyselfمِنَfromطَرِيقِthe aspect ofالأَحْكَامِthe rulingsوَالْمَوَارِيثِand inheritanceوَلَا أَعْلَمُand I do not knowمَاwhatأَنَاI amعِندَin the sight ofاللَّهِ؟Allah?
And he said: I asked Ahmad about those who said: 'I am a believer according to myself from the aspect of the rulings and the inheritance, and I do not know what I am in the sight of Allah?'
قَالَHe said:لَيْسَNotبِمُرَجِّئٍa Murji.
He said: 'Not a Murji.'
(۱)(1)[وَانْظُرْ[And seeمَسَائِلَthe issuesابْنِof IbnهَانِئٍHaniلِلْإِمَامِfor ImamأَحْمَدَAhmadابْنِibnحَنْبَلٍHanbalوَ،,مَسَائِلَand the issuesابْنِهِof his sonعَبْدِاللَّهِAbdullahفَإِنَّfor indeedفِيهِمَاin themأَجْمَعَis gatheredمَسَائِلَthe issuesالْإِمَامِof ImamأَحْمَدَAhmadفِيinهَذَاthisالْمَوْضُوعِsubject.وَهُمَاAnd bothمِمَّاare fromتَحْقِيقِيّmy research.وَطُبِعَتَاAnd printedالْمَكْتَبَةُthe officeالإِسْلَامِيَّةُIslamic.:زُهَيْرٌZuhair.
[And see the issues of Ibn Hani for Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and the issues of his son Abdullah. For indeed, in them are gathered the issues of Imam Ahmad on this subject. Both are from my research and were printed by the Islamic Office: Zuhair.]