الرَّابِعُ:The fourth:أَنْthatالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmationالْمُسْتَلْزِمَthat requiresلِعَمَلِthe workالْقَلْبِof the heartأَكْمَلُis more completeمِنَthanالتَّصْدِيقِthe affirmationالَّذِيthatلَاdoes notيُسْتَلْزِمُrequireعَمَلَهُ،its work.فَالعِلْمُFor knowledgeالَّذِيthatيُعْمَلُis acted uponبِهِby its possessorصَاحِبُهُits ownerأَكْمَلُis more completeمِنَthanالعِلْمِthe knowledgeالَّذِيthatلَاdoes notيُعْمَلُactبِهِ،on it,وَإِذَاAnd ifكَانَthere areشَخْصَانِtwo personsيَعْلَمَانِknowأَنَّthatاللَّهَAllahحَقٌّis trueوَرَسُولَهُand His Messengerحَقٌّis trueوَالْجَنَّةُand Paradiseحَقٌّis trueوَالنَّارُand Hellحَقٌّ،is true,وَهَذَاand thisعِلْمُهُknowledge of himأَوْجَبَhas necessitatedلَهُfor himمَحَبَّةَloveاللَّهِof Allahوَخَشِيَتَهُand fearing Himوَالرَّغْبَةَand desireفِيinالْجَنَّةِ،Paradise,وَالْهَرَبَand fleeingمِنَfromالنَّارِ،the Fire,وَالْآخَرُand the otherعِلْمُهُhis knowledgeلَمْhas notيُوْجِبْnecessitatedذَلِكَ،that,فَعِلْمُso the knowledgeالأوَّلُof the first oneأَكْمَلُ،is more complete,فَإِنَّfor the strengthقُوَّةَof the causeالْمُسَبِّبَis an indicatorدَالٌّof the strengthعَلَىof the cause,وَهَذِهِand theseالأُمُورُmattersنَشَأَتْhave arisenعَنْfromالعِلْمِ،the knowledge,فَالعِلْمُfor knowledgeبِالْمَحْبُوبِof the belovedيُسْتَلْزِمُnecessitatesطَلَبَهُ،one's seeking him,وَالْعِلْمُand the knowledgeبِالْمُخَوِّفِ،of the fearsome,يَسْتَوْجِبُrequiresالْهَرَبَfleeingمِنْهُ،from it,فَإِذَاso ifلَمْnotيَحْصُلْachievedاللاَّزِمَ،the necessary,دَلَّit indicatesعَلَىonضَعْفِthe weaknessالْمُلَزَمِ،of the required,وَلِهَذَاand for this reasonقَالَthe Prophet said:النَّبِيُّthe Prophet:لَيْسَit is notالْمُخْبِرُthe informantكَالمُعَايِنِlike the observer.فَإِنَّFor verilyمُوسَىMosesأَخْبَرَهُwas informed byرَبَّهُhis Lordأَنَّthatقَوْمَهُhis peopleعَبَدُواworshippedالْعِجْلَ،the calf,لَمْdid notيَلْقَreceiveالأَلْوَاحَ ،the tablets,فَلَمَّاso whenرَآهُمْhe saw themقَدْhadعَبَدُوهُ،taken it as a god,أَلْقَاهَا،he threw it,وَلَيْسَand it is notذَلِكَthatلَشَكٌّdue to doubtمُوسَىMosesفِيinخَبَرِthe news ofاللَّهِ،Allah,لَكِنَّbutالْمُخْبِرُthe informantوَإِنْand even thoughجَزَمَhe is certainبِصِدْقِof the truthالْمُخْبِرِ،of the informant,فَقَدْhe may notلَاnotيَتَصَوَّرimagineالْمُخْبِرَthe informantبِهِwith itفِيinنَفْسِهِhimselfكَمَاasيَتَصَوَّرُهُhe imagines itإِذَاifعَايَنَهُ،he observes it,بَلْbutيَكُونُhe isقَلْبُهُhis heartمَشْغُولًاoccupiedعَنْfromتَصَوُّرِimaginingالْمُخْبِرِthe informantبِهِ،with it,وَإِنْand thoughكَانَhe isمُصَدِّقًاbelievingبِهِ،in it,وَمَعْلُومٌand it is knownأَنَّهُthat it isعِندَwhenالْمُعَايَنَةِ،observing,يَحْصُلُhe obtainsلَهُfor himمِنْfromتَصَوُّرِimaginingالْمُخْبِرِthe informantبِهِwith itمَاwhatلَمْdid notيَكُنbeعِندَwithالْخَبَرِnews.فَهَذَاThisالتَّصْدِيقُaffirmationأَكْمَلُis more completeمِنْthanذَلِكَ.that.
The fourth: that the affirmation that requires the work of the heart is more complete than the affirmation that does not require it. For the knowledge that is acted upon by its possessor is more complete than the knowledge that is not acted upon. And if there are two persons who know that Allah is true and His Messenger is true and that Paradise is true and that Hell is true, and this knowledge has necessitated for him the love of Allah and the fear of Him and the desire for Paradise, and fleeing from the Fire, while the knowledge of the other has not necessitated that, the knowledge of the first person is more complete. For the strength of the cause indicates the strength of the effect, and these matters have arisen from knowledge. For knowledge of the beloved necessitates seeking him, and knowledge of the fearsome necessitates fleeing from it. So if the necessary is not achieved, it indicates the weakness of the required. And for this reason the Prophet said: 'the informer is not like the observer.' For verily, Moses was informed by his Lord that his people worshipped the calf, and he did not receive the tablets, but when he saw them having worshipped it, he threw them. And this is not due to doubt of Moses in the news of Allah, but the informer, even if he is certain of the truth of the informer, may not be able to imagine the information in himself as he would if he observed it, but his heart may be occupied from imagining the information, even though he believes in it. And it is known that when observing, he obtains from imagining the informant what was not in the news. This affirmation is more complete than that affirmation.
الْخَامِسُThe fifthأَنْthatأَعْمَالَthe actionsالْقُلُوبِ،of the hearts,مِثْلَsuch asمَحَبَّةَthe loveاللَّهِof Allahوَرَسُولِهِ،and of His Messenger,وَخَشْيَتِهِ،and the fear of Him,وَرَجَائِهِ،and the hope in Him,وَنَحْوَand similarذَلِكَ،to that,هِيَare allكُلُّهَاfromالإِيمَانِfaithكَمَاasدَلَّindicatedعَلَىٰ ذَلِكَthatالْكِتَابُthe Bookوَالسُّنَّةُand the Sunnahوَاتِّفَاقَand the consensusالسَّلَفِof the predecessorsوَهَذِهِand theseيَتَفَاضَلُpeople excel in themالنَّاسُthe peopleفِيهَاin themتَفَاضُلًاwith a great degreeعَظِيمًا.of difference.
The fifth: that the actions of the hearts, such as the love of Allah and His Messenger, and the fear of Him, and the hope in Him, and similar matters, are all part of faith as indicated by the Book, the Sunnah, and the consensus of the predecessors. And these are areas in which people significantly excel.
السَّادِسُThe sixthأَنْthatالأَعْمَالَthe actionsالظَّاهِرَةَthe apparentمَعَwithالْبَاطِنَةِthe hiddenهِيَare alsoأَيْضًاalsoمِنَofالإِيمَانِfaithوَالنَّاسُand the peopleيَتَفَاضَلُونَhave differencesفِيهَاin them.
The sixth: that the apparent actions together with the hidden ones are also part of faith, and people vary in them.
السَّابِعُ:The seventh:ذِكْرُThe mentionالْإِنْسَانِof manبِقَلْبِهِwith his heartمَاwhatأَمَرَهُhe has been commandedاللَّهُby Allahبِهِto do,وَاسْتِحْضَارُهُand his presence of it,لِذَٰلِكَ،for that,بِحَيْثُin a mannerلَاthat notيَكُونَhe isغَافِلًاobliviousعَنْهُ،of it,أَكْمَلُmore completeمِمَّنْthan one whoصَدَقَbelievesبِهِin itوَغَفَلَand is heedlessعَنْهُ،of it,فَإِنَّfor certainlyالْغَفْلَةَthe heedlessnessتُضَادُّcontradictsكَمَالَthe completenessالعِلْمِ،of knowledge,وَالتَّصْدِيقِ،and affirmation,وَذِكْرٍand the mentionوَالِاسْتِحْضَارِand presenceيُكْمِلُcompleteالعِلْمَthe knowledgeوَالْيَقِينِ،and certainty.وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonقَالَsaidعُمَرُ بْنُOmar ibnعَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ.Abdulaziz.
The seventh: the mention of man with his heart what he has been commanded by Allah to do, and his remembering it, such that he is not oblivious of it, is more complete than someone who believes in it but is heedless of it, for heedlessness contradicts the completeness of knowledge, and affirmation, and the mention, and presence completes knowledge and certainty. And for this reason, Omar ibn Abdulaziz said.
(1)(1)رَوَاهُNarratedأَحْمَدُby Ahmadوَغَيْرِهِand othersبِسَنْدٍwith a chainجَيِّدٍthat is goodبِلفْظٍin wording«لَيْسَ‘Notالْخَبَرُthe newsكَالمُعَايَنَةِ».like the observation.[انظُرْ[See«مُسْنَدِMusnadالإِمَامِthe Imamأَحْمَدَ»Ahmad
(1) Narrated by Ahmad and others with a good chain in wording, ‘Not the news is like the observation.’ [See Musnad of Imam Ahmad