هُوَHe isنَقْصًاdeficiencyمِمَّاfrom whatأَمَرْتَyou orderedفَلَاso do notتُعَاقِبْpunishعَلَىforهَذَاthisالنَّقْصَانِshortcomingلَكِنbutمَنwhoأَمَرَorderedبِالصَّلَاةِthe prayerوَالصِّيَامِand fasting
He is deficient in what you ordered, so do not punish for this shortcoming, but whoever was ordered to pray and fast.
فَفِعْلُهُSo his actionكَانَwasدِينَهُhis religionكَامِلًاcompleteبِالنِّسْبَةِin regardإِلَىtoهَذِهِthisالنَّاقِصَةِshortcomingالدِّينِof religion.
So his action made his religion complete in regard to this shortcoming of the religion.
الْوَجْهُThe secondالثَّانِيface (point)الإِجْمَالِthe generalوَالتَّفْصِيلِand the detailفِيْمَاin whatوَقَعَoccurredمِنْهُمْfrom them
The second face is the general and detailed (approach) to what occurs among them.
فَمَنWhoeverآمَنَbelievesبِمَاin whatجَاءَcameبِهِwith itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerمُطْلَقًاabsolutely
Whoever believes in what the Messenger has brought absolutely.
فَلَمْThen he did notيُكَذِّبْهُdeny himقَطُّat allلَكِنbutأَعْرَضَturned awayعَنْfromمَعْرِفَةِknowingأَمْرِهِhis commandوَنَهْيِهِand his prohibitionوَأَخْبَارِهِand his newsوَطَلَبِand seekingالعِلْمِknowledgeالْوَاجِبِwhich is obligatoryعَلَيْهِupon himفَلَمْSo he did notيَعْلَمْknowالْوَاجِبَthe obligatoryعَلَيْهِupon himوَلَمْand did notيَعْمَلْactبِهِwith itبَلْbutاَتَّبَعَfollowedهَوَاهُhis desires
He did not deny him at all, but turned away from knowing his commands, prohibitions, and news, and seeking the obligatory knowledge upon him, so he did not know what was obligatory upon him and did not act upon it, but followed his desires.
وَآخَرُAnd anotherطَلَبَseekingعِلْمًاknowledgeمَاwhatأُمرَwas orderedبِهِwith itفَعَمِلَso he actedبِهِwith itوَآخَرُAnd anotherطَلَبَsoughtعِلْمَهُits knowledgeفَعَلِمَهُso he learned itوَآمَنَand believedبِهِin itوَلَمْand did notيَعْمَلْactبِهِwith it
And another sought knowledge of what he was ordered with and acted upon it, and another sought its knowledge, so he learned it and believed in it but did not act upon it.
فَهَؤُلَاءِTheseوَإِنْandاشْتَرَكُواparticipatedفِيinالْوُجُوبِobligationلَكِنbutمَنwhoطَلَبَsoughtعِلْمًاknowledgeالتَّفْصِيلِthe detailوَعَمَلَand actedبِهِupon itفَإِيمَانَهُthen his faithأَكْمَلُis more completeمِمَّنْthan one whoعَرَفَknowsمَاwhatوَجَبَis obligatoryعَلَيْهِupon himوَالْتَزَمَهُand is committed to itوَأَقَرَّand acknowledgedبِهِto itلَكِنَّهُbut heلَمdid notيَعْمَلْactبِذَلِكَwith all of that
These, while they participated in the obligation, but whoever sought detailed knowledge and acted upon it, his faith is more complete than one who knows what is obligatory upon him and is committed to it and acknowledges it, but he did not act with all of that.
وَهَذَاAnd thisالْمُقِرُّthe one who acknowledgesبِمَاin whatجَاءَcameبِهِwith itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerالْمُعْتَرِفُthe one who confessesبِذَنْبِهِhis sinالْخَائِفُthe one who fearsمِنْofعُقُوبَتِهِhis punishmentعَلَىforتَرْكِabandoningالْعَمَلِthe actionأَكْمَلُis more completeإيمانًاin faithمِمَّنْthan one whoلَمdid notيَطْلُبْseekمَعْرِفَةَthe knowledgeمَاwhatأُمِرَwas orderedبِهِwith itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerوَلَاnorعَمِلَactedبِذَٰلِكَtherewithوَلَاnorهُوَhe isخَائِفٌfearfulأَنْthatيُعَاقَبَhe be punishedبَلْbutهُوَhe isفِيinغَفْلَةٍa state of heedlessnessعَنْaboutتَفْصِيلِthe detailsمَاwhatجَاءَcameبِهِwith itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerمَعَwhileأَنَّهُhe isمُقِرٌّan acknowledgmentبِنُبُوَّتِهِof the Prophethoodبَاطِنًاinternallyوَظَاهِرًاand outwardly.
And this one who acknowledges what the Messenger has brought, who confesses his sin and fears his punishment for abandoning the action, has a more complete faith than one who did not seek knowledge of what the Messenger ordered nor acted upon it, nor is he fearful that he will be punished, but he is in a state of heedlessness about the details of what the Messenger brought, while he is acknowledging his Prophethood inwardly and outwardly.
فَكُلَّمَاSo wheneverعَلِمَthe heart knowsالْقَلْبُthe heartمَاwhatأَخْبَرَhe informedبِهِwith itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerفَصَدَّقَهُand he believesوَمَاand whatأُمِرَwas orderedبِهِwith itفَالْتَزَمَهُand he stuck to itكَانَwasذَلِكَthatزِيَادَةًan increaseفِيinإِيمَانِهِhis faithعَلَىcompared toمَنwhoeverلَمْdid notيَحْصُلْobtainلَهُfor himذَٰلِكَthatوَإِنْand ifكَانَwasمَعَهُwith himالاِلْزَامُa general commitmentعَامًاgeneralوَإِقْرَارٌand acknowledgmentعَامًاgeneral.
So whenever the heart knows what the Messenger informed of and believes it, and what was commanded and he adheres to it, that is an increase in his faith compared to whoever did not obtain that, even if he had a general commitment and general acknowledgment.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseمَنwhoeverعَرَفَknowsأَسْمَاءَthe namesاللَّهِof Allahوَمَعَانِيَهَاand their meaningsفَآمَنَand believesبِهَاin themكَانَwasإِيمَانُهُhis faithأَكْمَلَmore completeمِمَّنْthan one whoلَاdoes notيَعْرِفُknowتِلْكَthoseالأَسْمَاءَnamesبَلْbutآمَنَbelievedبِهَاin themإِيمَانًاa faithمُجْمَلًاin a general wayأَوْorعَرَفَknewبَعْضَهَاsome of them
And likewise, whoever knows the names of Allah and their meanings and believes in them, his faith is more complete than one who does not know those names, but believes in them in a general way, or knows some of them.
وَكُلَّمَاAnd as much asازْدَادَincreasedالْإِنْسَانُa personمَعْرِفَةًknowledgeبِأَسْمَاءِof the namesاللَّهِAllahوَصِفَاتِهِand His attributesوَآيَاتِهِand His versesكَانَwasإِيمَانُهُhis faithبِهِin Himأَكْمَلَmore complete.
And as much as a person increases in knowledge of the names of Allah and His attributes and His verses, his faith in Him becomes more complete.
الثَّالِثُThe third أَنْis thatالْعِلْمُknowledgeوَالْتَّصْدِيقُand beliefنَفْسَهُitselfيَكُونُcan beبَعْضُهُsome of itأَقْوَىstrongerمِنْthanبَعْضٍsomeوَأَثْبَتُand more steadfastوَأَبْعَدُand more distantعَنْfromالشَّكِّdoubtوَهَذَاThisأَمْرٌis a matterيَشْهَدُهُthat everyone witnessesكُلُّallأَحَدٌpeopleمِنْofنَفْسِهِthemselvesكَمَاasأَنَّthatالْحَسَّsensationالظَّاهِرَapparentبِالشَّيْءِin a thingالْواحِدِone single thingمِثْلَlikeرُؤْيَةِthe sightingالنَّاسِof peopleلِلْهِلَالِof the crescentوَإِنْand ifاشْتَرَكَواthey participatedفِيَهَاin itفَبَعْضُهُمْsome of themتَكُونُhasرُؤْيَتُهُa visionأَتَمَّmore completeمِنْthanبَعْضٍsomeوَكَذَٰلِكَand likewiseسَمَاعُhearingالصَّوتِthe soundالْواحِدِoneوَشَمُّsmellingالرَّائِحَةِthe smellالواحِدَةِoneوَذَوْقُtastingالنَّوْعِthe typeالواحِدِone.مِنْofالطَّعَامِfoodفَكَذَٰلِكَSo likewiseمَعْرِفَةُthe knowledgeالْقَلْبِthe heartوَتَصْدِيقُهُand its beliefيَتَفَاضَلُdiffersأَعْظَمُgreaterمِنْthanذَٰلِكَthatمِنْfromوُجُوهٍaspectsمُتَعَدِّدَةٍmultipleوَالْمَعَانِيand the meaningsالَّتِيthatيُؤْمِنُbelievesبِهَاin itمِنْfromمَعَانِيthe meaningsأَسْمَاءِof the namesالرَّبِّthe Lordوَكَلَامِهِand His speechيَتَفَاضَلُdiffer in degreeالنَّاسُpeopleفِيinمَعْرِفَتِهَاknowing itأَعْظَمُgreaterمِنْthanتَفَاضُلِهِمtheir differential degreesفِيinمَعْرِفَةِthe knowledgeغَيْرِهَاof others.
The third is that knowledge and belief itself can be some of it stronger than others and more steadfast and further from doubt; this is a matter that everyone witnesses in themselves, just as the apparent sensation in a single thing, like the sighting of people of the crescent moon, and if they participate in it, some of them will have a more complete vision than others; likewise with the hearing of one sound, smelling one smell, and tasting one type of food. Similarly, the knowledge of the heart and its belief varies greatly in multiple aspects, and the meanings that people believe in from the meanings of the names of the Lord (Allah) and His speech differ more than their variance in the knowledge of other things.