أَخَذَHe tookالشَّافِعِيِّAl-Shafi'iهَذِهِthisالْحُجَّةَargumentعَنْaboutعَطَاءِAtaفَرَوَىand narratedإِبْنَIbnأَبِيmy fatherحَاتِمٍHatemفِيinمَنَاقِبِvirtuesالشَّافِعِيِّof Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i took this argument from Ata, and Ibn Abi Hatim narrated in the virtues of Al-Shafi'i.
حَدَّثَنَاHe told usأَبِيmy fatherحَدَّثَنَاtold usعَبْدِAbdulالْمَلِكِAl-MalikابْنِofعَبْدِAbdulالْحَمِيدِAl-HamidالْمَيْمُونِيِّAl-Maimuniحَدَّثَنَاtold usأَبُوAbuعُثْمَانَUthmanابْنِofمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadابْنِson ofمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadالشَّافِعِيِّAl-Shafi'iسَمِعْتُI heardأَبِيmy fatherيَقُولُsaysلَيْلَةًone nightلِلْحُمَيْدِيِّto Al-Humaydi::مَاWhatيُحَاجُّونَthey argueعَلَيْهِمْagainst them(يَعْنِي(meaningأَهْلَthe peopleالإِرْجَاءِ)of Irja)
My father told us; Abdul Malik ibn Abdul Hamid Al-Maimuni told us; Abu Uthman ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad Al-Shafi'i, I heard my father say one night to Al-Humaydi: What they argue against them (meaning the people of Irja) is not stronger than His statement.
بِآيَةٍwith a verseأَحْجَجَmore convincingمِنْthanقَوْلِهِhis saying: :(وَمَا(And whatأُمِرُواthey were commandedإِلَّاexceptلِيَعْبُدُواto worshipاللَّهَAllahمُخْلِصِينَsincerelyلَهُfor Himالدِّينَthe religionحُنَفَاءَinclinedوَيُقِيمُواand establishالصَّلَاةَthe prayerوَيُؤْتُواand giveالزَّكَاةَthe zakatوَذَلِكَand thatدِينُis the religionالْقَيِّمَةِof the upright
with a verse more convincing than His saying: (And they were commanded not but to worship Allah, being sincere to Him in religion inclining to truth, and to establish prayer and to give zakat. And that is the correct religion.)
وَقَالَAnd saidالشَّافِعِيُّAl-Shafi'iرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُmay Allah be pleased with himفِيinكِتَابِthe book«الأُمّ»'Al-Um'فِيinبَابِthe chapterالنِّيَّةِof intentionفِيinالصَّلَاةِthe prayer
And Al-Shafi'i, may Allah be pleased with him, said in his book 'Al-Um' in the chapter of intention in the prayer:
يُحَاجُّونَThey argueبِأَنَّthatلَاnoتُجْزِئُis sufficientصَلاةٌprayerإِلَّاexceptبِنِيَّةٍwith intentionبِحَدِيثِwith the hadithعُمَرَof Umarابْنِibnالْخَطَّابِal-Khattabرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُmay Allah be pleased with himعَنْaboutالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ:(peace be upon him):«إِنَّمَا'Indeed, onlyالْأَعْمَالُthe deedsبِالنِّيَّاتِare by intentions
They argue that no prayer is sufficient except with intention, based on the hadith of Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, about the Prophet (peace be upon him): 'Indeed, only the deeds are by intentions.
ثُمَّThenقَالَhe said::وَكَانَAnd there wasالْإِجْمَاعُthe consensusمِنَfromالْصَّحَابَةِthe companions، وَالتَّابِعِينَand the تابعينمِنْafter themوَمِنْand ofأَدْرَكْنَاهُمْthose whom we reachedيَقُولُونَthey sayالإِيمَانُfaithقَوْلٌis a sayingوَعَمَلٌand actionوَنِيَّةٌand intention، لَاnotيُجْزِئُsufficientواحِدٌoneمِنْofالثَّلاثَةِthe threeإِلَّاexceptبِالْآخَرِwith the other
Then he said: And there was consensus from the companions and the تابعين after them, and of those whom we reached, they say: Faith is a saying, action, and intention; not one of the three suffices without the other.
وَقَالَAnd saidحَنْبَلٌHanbal::حَدَّثَنَاHe told usالْحُمَيْدِيُّAl-Humaydiقَالَhe said::وَأَخْبَرْتُAnd I was informedأَنَّthatنَاسًاpeopleيَقُولُونَsay::مَنْwhoeverأَقَرَّacknowledgesبِالصَّلَاةِthe prayerوَ الزَّكَاةِand the zakatوَالصَّوْمِand fastingوَالْحَجِّand pilgrimageوَلَمْand did notيَفْعَلْdoمِنْanything fromذَلِكَthatشَيْئًاanythingحَتَّىuntilيَمُوتَhe diesوَيُصَلِّيَand praysمُسْتَدْبِرًاturning awayالْقِبْلَةَfrom the Qiblahحَتَّىuntilيَمُوتَhe dies، فَهُوَhe isمُؤْمِنٌa believerمَاas long asلَمْnotيَكُنْbeجَاحِدًاdenyingإِذَاifعَلِمَhe knowsأَنَّthatتَرْكَهُleaving itذَلِكَthatفِيin itإِيمَانَهُhis faithإِذَاifكَانَhe wasمُقِرًّاacknowledgingبِالْفَرَائِضِof the obligatory actsوَاسْتِقْبَالِand facingالْقِبْلَةِthe Qibla
And Hanbal said: He told us Al-Humaydi, he said: And I was informed that some people say: Whoever acknowledges the prayer, zakat, fasting, and pilgrimage, and does not do any of that until he dies, and prays turning away from the Qibla until he dies, he is a believer, as long as he does not deny it if he knows that leaving it is part of his faith, if he acknowledged the obligatory acts and facing the Qibla.
فَقُلْتُSo I said::هَذَاthisالْكُفْرُis disbeliefالصَّرَاحُoutright، وَخِلَافٌand againstكِتَابِthe Bookاللَّهِof Allahوَسُنَّةِand the sunnaرَسُولِهِof His Messengerوَعُلَمَاءِand the scholarsالْمُسْلِمِينَof the MuslimsقَالَAllah saidتَعَالَىthe Most High﴿وَمَا﴿And whatأُمِرُواwere commandedإِلَّاexceptلِيَعْبُدُواto worshipاللَّهَAllahمُخْلِصِينَsincerelyلَهُfor Himالدِّينَthe religion
So I said: This is outright disbelief, and it contradicts the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger and the scholars of the Muslims. Allah the Most High said: ﴿And they were commanded not but to worship Allah, sincerely for Him is the religion.
وَقَالَAnd saidحَنْبَلٌHanbal::سَمِعْتُI heardأَبَاAbuعَبْدِ اللَّهِAbdullahأَحْمَدَAhmadابْنَibnحَنْبَلٍHanbalيَقُولُsayمَنْwhoeverقَالَsaysهَذَاthis، فَقَدْhasكَفَرَdisbelievedبِاللَّهِin Allahوَرَدَّand rejectedعَلَىagainstأَمْرِهِHis commandوَعَلَىand againstالرَّسُولِthe Messengerمَاwhatجَاءَcameبِهِto himعَنْfromاللَّهِAllah
And Hanbal said: I heard Abu Abdullah Ahmad ibn Hanbal say: Whoever says this has disbelieved in Allah and rejected His command and that of the Messenger concerning what was brought to him from Allah.
قُلْتُI said::وَأَمَّاAs forاحْتِجَاجُهُمtheir argumentبِقَوْلِهِwith His sayingلِلْأُمَّةِto the woman::«أَعتِقْهَا'Free herفَإِنَّهَاfor sheمُؤْمِنَةٌis a believerفَهُوَis thereforeمِنْone ofحُجَجِهِمtheir argumentsالْمَشْهُورَةِfamousوَبِهِand with itاحْتَجَّthey arguedإِبْنُIbnكِلَابٍKelabكَانَhe wasيَقُولُsayingالإِيمَانُfaithهُوَisالتَّصْدِيقُthe confirmationوَالْقَوْلُand the sayingجَمِيعًاall together
I said: As for their argument with His saying to the woman: 'Free her, for she is a believer', it is among their well-known arguments, and with it Ibn Kelab used to argue, saying: Faith is the confirmation and the saying all together.
فَكَانَHe wasقَوْلُهُhis sayingأَقْرَبَcloserمِنْthanقَوْلِthe sayingجَهْمٍJahmوَأَتْبَاعِهِand his followers، وَهَذَاand thisلَاnotحُجَّةٌan argumentفِيهِin it، لِأَنَّbecauseالإِيمَانَfaithالظَّاهِرَthe apparentالَّذِيwhichتَجْرِيprevailsعَلَيْهِon itالأَحْكَامُthe rulingsفِيinالدُّنْيَاthe worldلَاdoes notيَسْتَلْزِمُentailالإِيمَانَthe faithفِيinالْبَاطِنِthe unseenالَّذِيwhichيَكُونُisصَاحِبُهُits possessorمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالسَّعَادَةِthe happinessفِيinالْآخِرَةِthe Hereafter
He was saying that his statement is closer than the saying of Jahm and his followers, and this is not an argument in it, because the apparent faith that the rulings in the world prevail on it, does not entail the faith in the unseen, whose possessor is among the people of happiness in the Hereafter.
فَإِنَّIndeedالْمُنَافِقِينَthe hypocritesالَّذِينَwhoقَالُواsay::ءَامَنَّا'We have believedبِاللَّهِin Allahوَبِالْيَوْمِand in the Dayالْآخِرِthe Hereafterوَمَاand they do notهُمْthey are notبِمُؤْمِنِينَbelievers
Indeed the hypocrites who say: 'We have believed in Allah and in the Day of the Hereafter', they do not believe.
هُمْThey areفِيinالظَّاهِرِthe apparentمُؤْمِنُونَbelievers، يَصَلُّونَthey prayمَعَwithالنَّاسِthe people، يَصُومُونَand they fast، وَيَحُجُّونَand they perform pilgrimageوَيُغَزُونَand they fightوَالْمُسْلِمُونَand the Muslimsيُنَاكِحُونَهُمْmarry themوَيُوَارَثُونَهُمْand inherit from them
They are apparent believers; they pray with the people, fast, perform pilgrimage, and fight, while the Muslims marry them and inherit from them.