وَلكِنَّButهِيَitلَازِمَةٌis necessaryلَهُfor himفَمَنso whoeverلَمْdid notيَفْعَلْهَاdo itكَانَwasإِيمَانُهُhis faithمُنْتَفٍnullifiedلِأَنَّbecauseانتِفَاءَthe nullificationاللَّازِمَof the necessaryيَقْتَضِيrequiresانتِفَاءَthe nullificationالْمَلْزُومِof the subject,,لَكِنَّbutصَارَتْit becameبِعَرْفِby the knowledgeالشَّارِعِof the legislatorدَاخِلَةًincludedفِيinاسْمِthe nameالإِيْمَانِof faithإِذَاwhenأُطْلِقَتْmentioned,,كَمَاasتَقَدَّمَmentionedفِيinكَلَامِthe speechالنَّبِيِّof the Prophet,,فَإِذَاso ifعَطَفْتَyou addعَلَيْهَاto itذَكَرْتَyou mentionلِئَلَّاso that notيُظَنَّit is assumedالظَّانُّthe one who assumesأَنَّthatمُجَرَّدَmerelyإِيمَانَهُhis beliefبِدُونِwithoutالْأَعْمَالِthe actionsالصَّالِحَةِrighteousاللَّازِمَةِnecessaryلِلْإِيْمَانِfor faithيُوْجِبُrequiresالْوَعْدَthe promise,,فَكَانَtherefore it wasذِكْرَهَاmentioning themتَخْصِيصًاa specificationوَتَنْصِيصًاand an explicit statementلِيُعْلَمَto knowأَنَّthatالثَّوَابَthe rewardالمَّوعُودَpromisedبِهِwith itفِيinالْآخِرَةِthe Hereafterـ-وَهُوَand it isالْجَنَّةُParadiseبِلاَwithoutعَذَابٍpunishmentلَاnotيَكُونُbeإِلَّاexceptلِمَنْfor whomآمَنَbelievedوَعَمِلَand performedصَالِحًاrighteousلَاnotيَكُونُbeلِمَنْfor whomادَّعَىclaimedالإِيْمَانَthe faithوَلَمْand did notيَعْمَلْwork,,وَقَدْand hasبَيَّنَclarifiedسُبْحَانَهُGlory be to Himفِيinغَيْرِotherمَوْضِعٍplacesأَنَّthatالصَّادِقَthe truthfulفِيinقَوْلِهِhis saying::آمَنْتُI believedلَاmust notبِدٍbeأَنْthatيَقُومَperformبِالْوَاجِبِthe obligation,,وَحَصْرَand limitingالإِيْمَانَthe faithفِيtoهَذَينِtheseيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonانتِفَائِهِits nullifyingعَمَّنfrom whomسِوَاهُمْother than them
But it is necessary for him, so whoever does not perform it, his faith is nullified because the nullification of the necessary requires the nullification of the subject. However, it has become, by the knowledge of the legislator, included in the name of faith when it is mentioned, as previously mentioned in the Prophet's speech. So when you add to it, you mention it, so that it is not assumed that merely his faith without the necessary righteous actions for faith requires the promise. Therefore, mentioning them was specification and an explicit statement to know that the promised reward in the Hereafter — which is Paradise without punishment — is only for those who believed and performed righteous actions, and it is not for those who claimed faith but did not act. And He has clarified in various places that the one who is truthful in his saying: I believed must perform the obligation, and limiting faith to these indicates its nullification from others.
وَلِلْجَهْمِيَّةِAnd for the Jahmiyyahهُنَاhereسُؤالٌis a questionذَكَرَهُmentioned byأَبُوAbuالْحَسَنِal-Hasanفِيinكِتَابِthe book«الْمَوْجَزِ»"The Brief"،,وَهُوَand it isأَنَّthatالْقُرْآنَthe Quranنَفَىnegatedالإِيْمَانَthe faithعَنْaboutغَيْرِother thanهَذَينِthese,,كَقَوْلِهِas His saying:,(إِنَّمَا(Indeedالْمُؤْمِنُونَthe believersالَّذِينَwhoإِذَاwhenذُكِرَis mentionedاللَّهُAllahوَجِلَتْand trembleقُلُوبُهُمْtheir hearts[الْأَنْفَالِ[Al-Anfal::٢]2]وَلَمْand did notيَقُلْsay::إِنَّthatهَذِهِtheseالأَعْمَالَactionsمِنَofالإِيْمَانِfaith،,قَالُواthey said::فَنَحْنُso weنَقُولُsay::مَنwhoeverلَمْdid notيَعْمَلْperformهَذِهِtheseالأَعْمَالِactionsلَمْdid notيَكُنْbeمُؤْمِنًاa believer,,لِأَنَّbecauseانتِفَائِهَاthe absence of themدَلِيلٌis evidenceعَلَىforانتِفَاءِthe absenceالعِلْمِof knowledgeمِنْfromقَلْبِهِhis heart
And for the Jahmiyyah here, there is a question mentioned by Abu al-Hasan in the book "The Brief," which is that the Quran negated faith from others, as in His saying: "Indeed, the believers are those who, when Allah is mentioned, their hearts tremble [Al-Anfal: 2]," and did not say: "These actions are from faith." They said: "So we say: Whoever does not perform these actions is not a believer, because their absence is evidence for the absence of knowledge from his heart."
وَالجَوَابُAnd the answerعَنْtoهَذَاthisمِنْfromوُجُوهٍvarious aspects::أَحَدُهَاOne of them::أَنَّكُمْthat youسَلَّمْتُمْacceptedأَنَّthatهَذِهِtheseالأَعْمَالَactionsلَازِمَةٌare necessaryلِإِيمَانِfor the faithالْقَلْبِof the heart،,فَإِذَاso ifانتَفَتْthey are absentلَمْnotيَبْقَremainفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heart,,إِيْمَانٌfaithوَهَذَاand thisهُوَis theالْمَطْلُوبُdesired،,وَبَعْدَand afterهَذَاthisفَكَوْنَهَاso beingلَازِمَةًnecessaryأَوْorجُزْءًاa part::نِزَاعٌis a disputeلَفْظِيٌّof wording
And the answer to this is from various aspects: One of them is that you accepted that these actions are necessary for the faith of the heart; so if they are absent, there will not remain in the heart, faith. And this is what is desired, and after this, whether they are necessary or a part is a verbal dispute.
الثَّانِيThe second::أَنْthatنُصُوصًاtextsصَرَّحَتْstatedبِأَنَّهَاthat they areجُزْءًاa part,,كَقَوْلِهِas His saying:: «الإِيْمَانُ"Faithبِضْعٌis composed of a fewوَسِتُّونَand sixtyأَوْorبِضْعٌa fewوَسَبْعُونَand seventyشُعْبَةٌbranches."
The second: That the texts have stated that they are a part, as in His saying: "Faith is composed of a few (sixty) or a few (seventy) branches."
الثَّالِثThe third::أَنْكُمْthat youإِنْifقُلْتُمْyou saidأَنَّthatمَنwhoeverانتَفَىis absentعَنْهُfrom himهَذِهtheseالأُمُورِmattersفَهُوَhe isكَافِرٌa disbelieverخَالٍdevoidمِنْofكُلِّallإِيْمَانٍfaithكَانَyour sayingقَوْلَكُمْyour statementقَوْلَthe sayingالْخَوَارِجِof the Khawarij,,وَأَنْتُمْand you areفِيinطَرَفٍone sideوَالْخَوَارِجُand the Khawarijفِيat the other sideفَكَيْفَso howتُوَافِقُونَهُمْdo you agree with them::وَمِنْAnd fromهَذِهِtheseالأُمُورِ: إِقَامَةِestablishingالصَّلَاةِthe prayer،,وَإِيتَاءِand givingالزَّكَاةِthe alms،,وَصَوْمِand fastingرَمَضَانَthe month of Ramadan,,وَالحَجِّand pilgrimage,,وَالجِهَادِand jihad,,وَالإِجَابَةِand respondingإِلَىtoحُكْمِthe rulingاللَّهِof Allahوَرَسُولِهِand His Messenger،,},{
The third: If you said that whoever is absent from these matters is a disbeliever devoid of all faith, then your statement is the statement of the Khawarij, and you are on one side and the Khawarij on the other side. So how do you agree with them?! And from these matters are establishing the prayer, giving the alms, fasting the month of Ramadan, pilgrimage, jihad, and responding to the ruling of Allah and His Messenger, and others, from which you do not declare takfir (excommunication) of the one who abandons them.
وَغَيْرَand otherذَٰلِكَthan that,,مِمَّاfrom whatلَاnotتُكَفِّرُواyou excommunicateتَارِكَهُthe one who abandonsوَإِنْand ifكَفَّرْتُمُوهُyou declare him a disbelieverكَانَthen your sayingقَوْلَكُمْyour statementقَوْلَthe sayingالْخَوَارِجِof the Khawarij
And other than that, from what you do not excommunicate the one who abandons it; and if you declare him a disbeliever, then your statement is the statement of the Khawarij.