مَاWhatفِيis inالْقَلْبِ،the heart,وَحَيْثُand whereعَطَفَتِthe actions leanedعَلَيْهِon itالأَعْمَالُthe worksفَإِنَّهُit isأُرِيدُwantedأَنَّهُthatلَاnotيُكْتَفَىsufficientبِإِيمَانِwith the faithالْقَلْبِof the heartبَلْbutلَاnotبِدَmustمَعَهُwith itمِنَfromالأَعْمَالِthe worksالصالِحَةِ.righteous.
What is in the heart, and where the actions lean on it, it is wanted that one should not be satisfied with the faith of the heart alone, but there must also be righteous works.
ثُمَّThenلِلْنَّاسِfor the peopleفِيinمَثَلِsuchهَذَاthisقَوْلَانِare two sayingsمِنْهُمْfrom themمَنْoneيَقُولُsays:المُعَطَّفُthe one being joinedدَخَلَenteredفِيinالمُعَطَّفِthe joinedعَلَيْهِon itأَوَّلًا،first,ثُمَّthenذَكَرَmentionedبِاسْمِهِby its nameالْخَاصِّspecificتَخْصِيصًاspecificallyلَهُfor itلِئَلَّاso that notيُظَنَّone assumesأَنَّهُthat itلَمْdid notيَدْخُلْenterفِيinالأوَّلِ،the first,وَقَالُوا:and they said:هَذَاthisفِيis inكُلِّeverythingمَاthatعَطَفَis joinedفِيهِwith itخَاصٌّspecificعَلَىtoعَامٍّ،general,كَقَوْلِهِ:like his saying:﴿وَمَن﴿And whoeverكَانَwasعَدُوًّاan enemyلِلَّهِto Allahوَمَلَكَيْهِand His angelsوَرُسُلِهِand His messengersوَجِبْرِيلَand Gabrielوَمِيكَالَand Michael,[البقرة: ۹۸]،[Al-Baqarah: 98],وَقَوْلِهِ:and his saying:﴿وَإِذْ﴿And whenأَخَذْنَاWe tookمِنَfromالنَّبِيِّينَthe prophetsمِيثَاقَهُمْtheir covenantsوَمِنكَand from youوَمِنand fromنُوحٍNoahوَإِبْرَاهِيمَand Abrahamوَمُوسَىand Mosesوَعِيسَىand Jesusابْنِ مَرْيَمَthe son of Mary﴾﴾ [الأحزاب: ٧]،﴾ [Al-Ahzab: 7],وَقَوْلِهِ:and his saying:وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoءَامَنُواbelievedوَعَمِلُواand didالصَّالِحَاتِrighteous deedsوءَامَنُواand believedبِمَاin whatنُزِّلَwas revealedعَلَىtoمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadوَهُوَand it isالْحَقُّthe truthمِنfromرَّبِّهِمْtheir Lord.﴾ [محمد: ٢]،﴾ [Muhammad: 2],فَخَصَّHe specifiedالإيمانَthe faithبِمَاwith whatنُزِّلَwas revealedعَلَىtoمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadبَعْدَafterقَوْلِهِ:His saying:(وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا)(And those who believed)وَهَذِهِand thisنَزَلَتْwas revealedفِيinالْصَّحَابَةِthe companionsوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersمِنَofالْمُؤْمِنِينَ،the believers,وَقَوْلِهِ:and His saying:﴿حَفِظُوا﴿Guard
Then for the people in such a case there are two sayings among them: one says that the joined entered into the joined upon first, and then mentioned by its specific name to avoid doubt that it did not enter into the first, and they said that this is in everything that is joined - specific to general, like his saying: ﴿And whoever was an enemy to Allah and His angels and His messengers, and Gabriel and Michael﴾ [Al-Baqarah: 98], and his saying: ﴿And when We took the covenants from the prophets, from you and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus, son of Mary﴾ [Al-Ahzab: 7], and his saying: And those who believed and did righteous deeds and believed in what was revealed to Muhammad and it is the truth from their Lord﴾ [Muhammad: 2].
فَخَصَّHe specifiedالإيمانَthe faithبِمَاwith whatنُزِّلَwas revealedعَلَىtoمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadبَعْدَafterقَوْلِهِ:His saying:(وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا)(And those who believed)وَهَذِهِand thisنَزَلَتْwas revealedفِيinالْصَّحَابَةِthe companionsوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersمِنَofالْمُؤْمِنِينَ،the believers,وَقَوْلِهِ:and His saying:﴿حَفِظُوا﴿Guardعَلَىagainstالصَّلَوَاتِthe prayersوَالْصَّلَاةِand the middle prayer.الْوُسْطَى)the middle prayer﴾ [البقرة: ۲۳۸]،وَقَوْلِهِ:and His saying:﴿وَمَا﴿And they were notأُمِرُواcommandedإِلَّاexceptلِيَعْبُدُواto worshipاللَّهَAllahمُخْلِصِينَpurelyلَهُfor Himالدِّينَthe religionحُنَفَاءَas true believersوَيُقِيمُواand establishالصَّلَاةَthe prayerوَيُؤْتُواand giveالزَّكَاةَthe almsgiving.﴾ [البينة ] ،﴾ [Al-Bayyina]
He specified the faith with what was revealed to Muhammad after His saying: (And those who believed) and this was revealed in the companions and others among the believers, and His saying: ﴿Guard against the prayers and the middle prayer﴾ [Al-Baqarah: 238], and His saying: ﴿And they were not commanded except to worship Allah purely for Him the religion as true believers and to establish the prayer and give the almsgiving﴾ [Al-Bayyina].
وَالصَّلَاةُAnd the prayerوَAZَّكَاةُand the almsgivingمِنَare fromالْعِبَادَةِ،the acts of worship,فَقَوْلُهُ:therefore His saying:قُوَّةٌis strengthآمِنُواbelieveوَعَمِلُواand didالصَّالِحَاتِthe righteous deeds.كَقَوْلِهِ:Like His saying:﴿وَمَا﴿And they were notأُمِرُواcommandedإِلَّاexceptلِيَعْبُدُواto worshipاللَّهَAllahمُخْلِصِينَpurelyلَهُfor Himالدِّينَthe religionحُنَفَاءَand true believersوَيُقِيمُواand establishالصَّلَاةَthe prayerوَيُؤْتُواand giveالزَّكَاةَ،the almsgiving,فَإِنَّهُfor itقَصَدَaimedأَوَّلًاfirstأَنْtoتَكُونَbeالْعِبَادَةُthe worshipلِلَّهِto Allahوَحْدَهُaloneلَاnotلِغَيْرِهِ،for others,ثُمَّthenأَمَرَcommandedبِالصَّلَاةِwith the prayerوَالزَّكَاةِand the almsgivingلِيَعْلَمَto knowأَنَّهُthat itمَعْبَادَتَانِare two acts of worshipوَاجِبَتَانِ،mandatory,فَلَاtherefore notيُكْتَفَىsatisfiedبِمُطْلَقِwith the absolutionالْعِبَادَةِof worshipالْخَالِصَةِthe pureدُونَهُمَا.without them.
And the prayer and the almsgiving are from the acts of worship, therefore His saying: 'believe and do righteous deeds' is like His saying: 'And they were not commanded except to worship Allah purely for Him the religion as true believers and to establish the prayer and give the almsgiving.' He aimed first to make the worship solely for Allah alone, not for others, then commanded the prayer and almsgiving to show that they are two mandatory acts of worship, thus not being satisfied with the pure worship without them.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseيُذْكَرُis mentionedالإِيمَانُthe faithأَوَّلًا،first,لِأَنَّهُbecause itالْأَصْلُthe foundationالَّذِيthat mustلَاnotبِدَbe absentمِنْهُ،from it,ثُمَّthenيُذْكَرُit is mentionedالْعَمَلُthe deedالصَّالِحُthe righteousفَإِنَّهُfor itأَيْضًاalsoمِنَis fromتَمَامِcompletionالدِّينِthe religionلَاnotبِدَbe absentمِنْهُ،from it.فَلَاTherefore notيَظُنَّone assumesالظَّانُّthe one assumingاِكْتِفَاءَهُhis sufficiencyمَجَرَّدَby mereإِيمَانٍbeliefلَيْسَwithoutمَعَهُ.it.
And likewise, the faith is mentioned first because it is the foundational principle that must not be absent, then the righteous deed is mentioned as it is also a completion of the religion that must not be absent, thus no one should assume his sufficiency by mere belief without it.
وَكَذَٰلِكَLikewiseقَوْلُهُHis saying(الم)(Alif Lam Meem)ذَٰلِكَThatالْكِتَابُthe Bookلَاthere is noرَيْبَdoubtفِيهِ.in it.هُدًىIt is guidanceلِلْمُتَّقِينَfor the righteousالَّذِينَthose whoيُؤْمِنُونَbelieveبِالْغَيْبِin the unseenوَيُقِيمُونَand establishالصَّلَاةَthe prayer,وَمِمَّاand from whatرَزَقْنَاهُمْWe have provided themيُنْفِقُونَthey spend.وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoيُؤْمِنُونَbelieveبِمَاin whatأُنزِلَwas revealedإِلَيْكَunto youوَمَاand whatأُنزِلَwas revealedمِنfromقَبْلِكَbefore youوَبِالْآخِرَةِand in the Hereafterهُمْthey areيُوقِنُونَcertain.أُولَـٰئِكَThose areعَلَىuponهُدًىguidanceمِّنfromرَّبِّهِمْtheir Lordوَأُولَـٰئِكَand those areهُمُthey areالمُّفْلِحُونَthe successful.[البقرة]،[Al-Baqarah],وَقَدْAnd it has been said:قِيلَIt is said:هَؤُلَاءِThose areهُمْthe peopleأَهْلُof the Peopleالْكِتَابِthe Bookالَّذِينَwhoآمَنُواbelievedبِمَاin whatأُنزِلَwas revealedإِلَيْهِto himوَمَاand whatأُنزِلَwas revealedعَلَىtoمَنْfromقَبْلَهُbefore himكَابْنِas IbnسَلَامٍSalamوَنَحْوَهُ،and similar.وَإِنْAnd ifهَؤُلَاءِthese areنَوْعٌa typeغَيْرُotherالنَّوْعِthe typeالْمُتَقَدِّمِينَof the precedingالَّذِينَthose whoيُؤْمِنُونَbelieveبِالْغَيْبِ،in the unseen,وَقَدْAnd it has been said:قِيلَIt is said:هَؤُلَاءِThese areجَمِيعُallالْمُتَقَدِّمِينَthe precedingالَّذِينَthose whoآمَنُواbelievedبِمَاin whatأُنْزِلَwas revealedإِلَيْهِto himوَمَاand whatأُنزِلَwas revealedمِنْfromقَبْلِهِ،before him,وَهَؤُلَاءِوَهَؤُلَاءِالَّذِينَالَّذِينَيُؤْمِنُونَيُؤْمِنُونَبِالْغَيْبِ،بِالْغَيْبِ،وَهُمْوَهُمْصِنْفٌصِنْفٌواحدٌ،واحدٌ.وَإِنَّمَاوَإِنَّمَا١٥٨١٥٨
Likewise, His saying: (Alif Lam Meem) that Book has no doubt in it is guidance for the righteous, those who believe in the unseen and establish the prayer, and from what We have provided them they spend. And those who believe in what was revealed to you and what was revealed before you and believe in the Hereafter, they are the certain ones. Those are upon guidance from their Lord and those are the successful. [Al-Baqarah], and it has been said: These are the people of the Book who believed in what was revealed to him and what was revealed to those before him like Ibn Salam and others, and if these are a type different from those who believe in the unseen, and it has been said: These are all who preceded and believed in what was revealed to him and what was revealed from before him, and they are the ones who believe in the unseen, and they are all one type.