الذَّمُّ،the blame,فَلَمْso they did notيَتْرُكُواleaveالْإِيمَانَfaithلِعَدَمِfor lack ofالْعِلْمِknowledgeبِصِدْقِof the truthالْإِيمَانِof faithبِهِ،in himبَلْbutلِهَوَىfor the desireالنَّفْسِ،of the soul,فَكَيْفَso howيُقَالُis it saidإنَّthatكُلَّeveryكَافِرٍdisbelieverإِنَّمَاonlyكَفَرَdisbelievedلِعَدَمِfor lack ofعِلْمِهِhis knowledgeبِاللَّهِ.about Allah.
The blame; they did not leave faith for lack of knowledge of the truth of faith in Him, but for the desire of the soul. So how can it be said that every disbeliever has disbelieved only for lack of knowledge about Allah.
وَلَمْAnd did notيَكْفِهِsufficeالْجَهْمِيَّةُthe Jahmiyyahأَنْthatجَعَلُواthey madeكُلَّeveryكَافِرٍdisbelieverجَاهِلًاignorantبِالْحَقِّof the truthحَتَّىuntilقَالُوا:they said:هُوَheلَاdoes notيَعْرِفُknowأَنْthatاللَّهَAllahمَوْجُودٌexistsحَقٌّ،truly,وَالكُفْرُand disbelievingعِندَهُمْfor themلَيْسَis notهُوَitالْجَهْلُignoranceبِأَيِّof anyحَقٍّtruthكَانَ،was,بَلْbutالْجَهْلُignoranceبِهَذَاof thisالْحَقِّtruthالمُعَيَّنِ.specifically.
And it was not enough for the Jahmiyyah that they made every disbeliever ignorant of the truth until they said: he does not know that Allah truly exists; and disbelief for them is not ignorance of any truth, but rather ignorance of this specific truth.
وَنَحْنُAnd weوَالنَّاسُand the peopleكُلُّهُمْall of themيَرَوْنَseeخَلْقًاa creationمِنَofالْكُفَّارِdisbelieversيَعْرِفُونَwho knowفِيinالْبَاطِنِthe innerأَنْthatدِينَthe religionالإِسْلامِof Islamحَقٌّ،is true,وَيُذَكِّرُونَand they mentionمَاwhatيَمْنَعُهُمْprevents themمِنَfromالْإِيمَانِ،faith,إِمَّاeitherمُعَادَاةًhostilityأَهْلِهِمto their familyوَإِمَّاorمَالًwealthيَحْصُلُthey gainلَهُمْfor themمِنْfromجِهَتِهِمtheir sideيَقْطَعُونَهُthey sever itعَنْهُمْ،from them,وَإِمَّاorخَوْفِهِمtheir fearإِذَاifآمَنُواthey believeأَنَّthatلَاthere will notيَكُونَbeلَهُمْfor themحُرْمَةٌdignityعِندَin the presence ofالْمُسْلِمِينَMuslimsكَحُرْمَتِهِمas their dignityفِيinدِينِهِمtheir religionوَأَمْثَالٌand suchذَلِكَthatمِنْofأَغْرَاضِهِمtheir interestsالَّتِيthatيُبَيِّنُونَthey showأَنَّهَاthat itالْمَانِعَةُthe preventingلَهُمْfor themمِنَfromالْإِيمَانِ،faith,مَعَwithعِلْمِهِمtheir knowledgeبِأَنَّthatدِينَthe religionالإِسْلامَof Islamحَقٌّ،is true,وَدِينُهُمْand their religionبَاطِلٌ.is false.
And we and all the people see a creation of disbelievers who know in their hearts that the religion of Islam is true, and they mention what prevents them from believing, either out of hostility to their families, or out of wealth they gain from their side which they sever from them, or their fear that if they believe there will not be dignity for them in the presence of Muslims as their dignity in their religion and such interests that they show are what prevents them from faith, while they know that the religion of Islam is true, and their religion is false.
وَهَذَاAnd thisمَوْجُودٌexistsفِيinجَمِيعِallالْأُمُورِmattersالَّتِيthatهِيَareحَقٌّ،true,يُوجَدُthere existsمِنْoneيَعْرِفُwho knowsبِقَلْبِهِin his heartأَنَّهَاthat itحَقٌّis trueوَهُوَand heفِيinالظَّاهِرِappearanceيَجْحَدُdisbelievesذَلِكَ،that,وَيُعَادِيand he opposesأَهْلَهُhis familyلِظَنِّهِdue to his assumptionأَنَّthatذَلِكَthatيَجْلِبُbringsلَهُto himمَنْفَعَةًadvantageوَيَدْفَعُand preventsعَنْهُfrom himمَضَرَّةًharm.قَالَAllah said:﴿يَتَأَيَّهَاOالَّذِينَthose whoآمَنُواhave believedلَاdo notتَتَّخِذُواtakeالْيَهُودَthe Jewsوَالنَّصَرَىand the Christiansأَوْلِيَاءَalliesبَعْضُهُمْsome of themأَوْلِيَاءُare alliesبَعْضٍof one anotherوَمَنand whoeverيَتَوَلَّهُمtakes them as alliesمِّنكُمْfrom among youفَإِنَّهُthen indeed heمِنْهُمْis one of themإِنَّIndeed,اللَّهَAllahلَاdoes notيَهْدِيguideالْقَوْمَthe peopleالظَّالِمِينَthe wrongdoers.فَتَرَىAnd you seeالَّذِينَthose whoفِيinقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsمَّرَضٌis a diseaseيُسَرِعُونَthey hastenفِيهِمْin them.يَقُولُونَThey say,تَخْشَىyou fearأَنْthatتُصِيبَنَاit may strike usدَابِرَهُwith harm.فَصَسَىThen Allah saidاللَّهُAllahأَنْthatيَأْتِيHe bringsبِالْفَتْحِvictoryأَوْorأَمْرٍan affairمِّنْfromعِندِهِ،Him,فَيُصْبِحُواthen they will becomeعَلَىuponمَاwhatأَسَرُّواthey have concealedفِيinأَنفُسِهِمthemselvesنَدِمِينَregretting.وَيَقُولُAnd they will sayالَّذِينَthose whoوَامَنُواhave believedأَهَؤُلَاءِAre theseالَّذِينَthose whoأَقْسَمُواsworeبِاللَّهِby Allahجَهْدَwith their utmostأَيْمَنِهِمoathsإِنَّهُمْthat they indeedلَعَكُمْare indeedحَبِطَتْhave wastedأَعْمَالَهُمْtheir deedsفَأَصْبَحُواand they becameخَسِرِينَthe losers.
And this exists in all matters that are true; there exists one who knows in his heart that it is true, and who, in appearance, disbelieves that, and opposes his family due to his assumption that that brings him advantage and prevents him from harm. Allah said: "O those who have believed! Do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies; they are allies of one another. And whoever of you takes them as allies, then indeed he is one of them. Indeed, Allah does not guide the wrongdoers. And you see those in their hearts is a disease, they hasten in them. They say, 'You fear that it may strike us with harm.' Then Allah said that He brings victory or an affair from Him, and they will become upon what they have concealed in themselves regretting. And they will say, 'Are these those who swore by Allah with their utmost oaths that they are indeed wasted their deeds and they became the losers.'
وَالْمُفَسِّرُونَAnd the expositorsمُتَّفِقُونَare agreedعَلَىonأَنَّهَاthat itنَزَلَتْwas revealedبِسَبَبِbecause ofقَوْمٍa groupمِمَّنof those whoكَانُواwereيُظَاهِرُونَshowingالإِسْلامَIslamوَفِيand inقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsمَرَضٌ،is a disease,خَافُواthey fearedأَنْthatيَغْلِبَthe people overpowerأَهْلَthe peopleالإِسْلامِof Islamفَيُوَالُواso they allyالْكُفَّارَthe disbelieversمِنَofالْيَهُودِthe Jewsوَالنَّصَارَىand the Christiansوَغَيْرِهِمand othersلِلْخَوْفِfor fearالَّذِيthatفِيinقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsلَاnotلَاَتِّقَادِهِمfor believingأَنَّthatمُحَمَّدًاMuhammadكَاذِبٌis a liarوَالْيَهُودُand the Jewsوَالنَّصَارَىand the Christiansصَادِقُونَ،are truthful,وَأَشْهَرَand the most famousالنُّقُولِtransmissionsفِيinذَلِكَthatأَنَّthatعَبَادَةًAbadahبْنَbinالصَّامِتِAl-Samitقَالَsaid:يَاOرَسُولَMessengerاللَّهِof AllahإِنِّيIndeedلِيَI haveمَوَالٍalliesمِنَfromالْيَهُودِthe Jewsوَإِنِّيand IأَبْرَأُdisavowإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllahمِنْfromوِلَايَةِthe allegiance ofالْيَهُودِ،the Jews,فَقَالَ:he said:عَبْدُ اللَّهِAbdullahابْنُbinأَبِيAbiلَكِنَّنِيbut Iرَجُلٌam a manأَخَافُI fearالَّدوَائرَ،the circles,وَلَاand notأَبْرَأُI disavowمِنْfromوِلَايَةِthe allegiance ofالْيَهُودِ،the Jews,فَنَزَلَتْand it was revealedهَذِهِthisالْآيَة.verse.
And the expositors are agreed that it was revealed because of a group of those who were showing Islam and in their hearts is a disease; they feared that the people of Islam would overpower them, and so they allied with the disbelievers among the Jews and the Christians and others for the fear that is in their hearts, not for their belief that Muhammad is a liar and the Jews and the Christians are truthful. And the most famous transmissions in that are that Abadah bin Al-Samit said: "O Messenger of Allah, indeed I have allies from the Jews, and I disavow to Allah from the allegiance of the Jews." Abdullah bin Abi said: "But I am a man who fears the circles, and I do not disavow from the allegiance of the Jews." And this verse was revealed.
وَالْمُرْجِئَةُAnd the Murji'ahالَّذِينَwhoقَالُوا:said:الإِيمَانُFaithتَصْدِيقٌis the affirmationالْقَلْبِ،of the heart,وَقَوْلٌand the utteranceاللِّسَانِ،of the tongue,وَالْأَعْمَالُand the actsطَائِفَةٌa groupمِنَofفُقَهَاءِscholarsالْكُوفَةِof Kufaوَعُبَّادِهَا،and its worshippers,وَلَمْand they did notيَكُنْbeقَوْلُهُمْtheir sayingمِثْلَlikeقَوْلِthe saying١٥٤154لَيْسَتْis notمِنْهُمْ.among them.
And the Murji'ah who said: "Faith is the affirmation of the heart, and the utterance of the tongue, and the acts" are a group of scholars of Kufa and its worshippers, and their saying is not like the saying of those who are not among them.