الصَّلِحَاتِthe righteous deedsأُولَئِكَthoseهُمْtheyخَيْرُthe bestالْبَرِيَّةِof creation
Those who perform righteous deeds are the best of creation.
وَسَنَبْسُطُAnd we will simplifyهَذَاthisإِنifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىthe Most High
And we will simplify this if Allah wills.
فَالْمَقْصُودُThus, the intended meaningهُنَاhereالْعُمُومُis the generalityوَالْخُصُوصُand the particularityبِالنِّسْبَةِin relationإِلَىtoمَاwhatفِيis inالْبَاطِنِthe heartوَ الظَّاهِرِand the apparentمِنْofالْإِيمَانِfaith
Thus, the intended meaning here is the generality and particularity in relation to what is in the heart and the apparent of faith.
وَأَمَّاAs forالْعُمُومُthe generalityبِالنِّسْبَةِin relationإِلَىtoالْمِلَلِthe religionsفَتِلْكَthat isمَسْأَلَةٌa matterأُخْرَىanother
As for the generality in relation to the religions, that is another matter.
فَلَمَّاSo whenذَكَرَhe mentionedالْإِيمَانَfaithمَعَwithالإِسْلَامِIslamجَعَلَhe madeالإِسْلَامَIslamهُوَto beالأَعْمَالَthe deedsالظَّاهِرَةَapparent
So when he mentioned faith with Islam, he made Islam to be the apparent deeds.
الشَّهَادَتَانِthe two testimonies,,وَالصَّلَاةَand the prayer,,وَ الزَّكَاةَand the almsgiving,,وَ الصِّيَامَand the fasting,,وَ الْحَجَّand the pilgrimage
The two testimonies, the prayer, the almsgiving, the fasting, and the pilgrimage.
وَجَعَلَAnd he madeالْإِيمَانَfaithمَاwhatفِيis inالْقَلْبِthe heartمِنَofالْإِيمَانِfaithبِاللَّهِin Allahوَمَلَائِكَتِهِand His angelsوَكُتُبِهِand His booksوَرُسُلِهِand His messengersوَالْيَوْمِand the Dayالْآخِرِof Judgment
And he made faith to be what is in the heart of faith in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Day of Judgment.
وَهَكَذَاAnd thusفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadithالَّذِيwhichرَوَاهُwas narratedأَحْمَدُby Ahmad,,عَنْfromأَنَسٍAnas,,عَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophet,,أَنَّهُthat heقَالَsaid
And thus is in the hadith which was narrated by Ahmad from Anas from the Prophet, that he said.
الإِسْلَامُIslamعَلَانِيَّةٌis public,,وَالإِيمَانُand faithفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heart
Islam is public, and faith is in the heart.
وَإِذَاAnd ifذَكَرَhe mentionsاسْمَthe nameالْإِيمَانِof faithمُجَرَّدًاalone,,دَخَلَit includesفِيهِin itالإِسْلَامَIslamوَالأَعْمَالَand the righteous deedsالصَّالِحَةَthe righteous
And if he mentions the name of faith alone, it includes Islam and the righteous deeds.
كَقَوْلِهِAs in his sayingفِيinحَدِيثِthe hadithالشُّعَبِof the branches:الإِيمَانُFaithبِضْعٌis a fewوَسَبْعُونَand seventyشُعَبَةٌbranches,,أَعْلَاهَاthe highest of whichقَوْلٌis the sayingلَاthere is noإِلَهَgodإِلَّاexceptاللَّهُAllah,,وَأَدْنَاهَاand the least of themإِمَاطَةٌis the removalالأَذَىof harmعَنْfromالطَّرِيقِthe path
As in his saying in the hadith of the branches: Faith is a few and seventy branches, the highest of which is the saying, 'there is no god except Allah,' and the least of them is the removal of harm from the path.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd similarlyسَائِرُallالْأَحَادِيثِthe hadithsالَّتِيwhichيَجْعَلُplaceفِيهَاin itأَعْمَالَthe deedsالْبِرِّof righteousnessمِنْas part ofالْإِيمَانِfaith
And similarly, all the hadiths which place the deeds of righteousness as part of faith.
ثُمَّThenإِنifنَفْيَthe negation ofالْإِيمَانِfaithعِنْدَat the absence ofعَدَمِهَاits absenceدَلَّindicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّهَاthey areوَاجِبَةٌobligatory
Then if the negation of faith at its absence indicates that they are obligatory.
وَإِنAnd ifذَكَرَhe mentionsفَضْلَthe virtue ofإِيمَانِfaithصَاحِبِهَاits possessor--وَلَمand did notيَنْفَnegateإِيمَانَهُhis faith--دَلَّit indicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّهَاthey areمُسْتَحَبَّةٌrecommended
And if he mentions the virtue of faith of its possessor - and does not negate his faith - it indicates that they are recommended.
فَإِنَّFor verilyاللَّهَAllahوَرَسُولَهُand His Messengerلَاdo notيَنْفِيَانِnegateاسْمَthe nameمَسَمًّىof what has been designatedأَمْرٌthe command ofأَمْرِthe commandاللَّهِof Allahبِهِwithوَرَسُولَهِand His Messengerإِلَّاexceptإِذَاifتَرَكَa person fails to doبَعْضَsomeوَاجِبَاتِهِof his obligations
For verily Allah and His Messenger do not negate the name of what has been designated by the command of Allah and His Messenger except if a person fails to do some of his obligations.
كَقَوْلِهِAs in his saying:لَاthere is noصَلَاةٌprayerإِلَّاexceptبِأُمِّwith the Mother ofالْقُرْآنِthe Quran
As in his saying: 'There is no prayer except with the Mother of the Quran.'
وَقَوْلِهِAnd his saying:«لَا'There is noإِيمَانٌfaithلِمَنfor whomلَاnotأَمَانَةٌtrustلَهُfor himوَلَاand noدِينٌreligionلِمَنfor whomلَاnotعَهْدٌcontractلَهُfor him
And his saying: 'There is no faith for the one who has no trust and no religion for the one who has no contract.'
وَنَحْوُAnd similarذَلِكَto that
And similar to that.
فَأَمَّاAs forإِذَاifكَانَwasالْفِعْلُthe actمُسْتَحَبًّاrecommendedفِيinالْعِبَادَةِworship,,لَمnotيُنَفَّرْهَاnegate itلِانتِفَاءِdue to the absenceالْمُسْتَحَبِّof the recommended
As for if the act was recommended in worship, it does not negate it due to the absence of the recommended.
فَإِنَّFor ifهَذَاthisلَوwereجَازًاpermissibleلَجَازَthen it would be permissibleأَنْtoيُنَفَّىnegateعَنْfromجُمْهُورِthe majorityالْمُؤْمِنِينَof believersاسْمُthe nameالْإِيمَانِfaithوَالصَّلَاةِand prayerوَ الزَّكَاةِand almsgivingوَ الْحَجِّand pilgrimage
For if this were permissible, it would be permissible to negate from the majority of believers the name of faith, prayer, almsgiving, and pilgrimage.
لَأَنَّهُBecause there is noمَاnothingمِنْfromفِعْلٍan actionإِلَّاexceptوَغَيْرُهُthat someone else is better than itأَفْضَلُbetterمِنْهُthan it,,وَلَيْسَand there is no oneيَفْعَلُwho doesأَفْعَالَthe actionsالْبِرِّof righteousnessمِثْلَlikeمَاwhatفَعَلَهَاhe has done
Because there is nothing from an action except that someone else is better than it, and there is no one who does the actions of righteousness like what he has done.