لِتَّخَذْتَYou would have takenعَلَيْهِupon himأَجْرًاa reward
You would have taken a reward upon him.
وَهَذَاAnd thisسُؤَالٌis a questionمِنْfromجِهَةِthe side ofالمَعْنَى،the meaning,فَإِنَّfor indeedالسُّؤَالَthe questionوَالطَّلَبَand the requestقَدْmayيَكُونَbeبِصِيغَةِin the form ofالشَّرْطِconditionكَمَاasتَقُولُyou say:لَوْIfنَزَلْتَyou had descendedعِنْدَنَاwith usلَأَكْرَمْنَاكَ،we would have honored you,فَإِنَّfor indeedبِتَّyou spentاللَّيْلَةَthe nightعِندَنَاwith usأَحْسَنْتَyou did wellإِلَيْنَا،to us,وَمِنْand fromهُوَhimقَوْلُthe sayingآدَمَAdamرَبَّنَاOur Lord,ظَلَمْنَاwe have wrongedأَنفُسَنَاourselvesوَإِنْand ifلَمْyou do notتَغْفِرْforgiveلَنَاfor usوَتَرْحَمْنَاand have mercy on usلَتَكُونَنَّwe shall certainly beمِنَamongالْخَاسِرِينَthe losers
And this is a question from the meaning; for indeed the question and the request may be in the form of a condition as you say: If you had descended with us, we would have honored you, for indeed if you had spent the night with us, you did well to us. And from him is the saying of Adam: 'Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy on us, we shall certainly be among the losers.'
وَقَوْلُAnd the sayingنُوحٍof Noah:رَبِّMy Lord,إِنِّيindeed Iأَعُوذُseek refugeبِكَwith Youأَنْthat Iأَسْتَلِكَcommitمَاwhatلَيْسَis notلِيfor meبِهِwith itعِلْمٌknowledgeوَإِلَّاand if notتَغْفِرْYou forgiveلِيfor meوَتَرْحَمْنِيand have mercy on meأَكُنI shall beمِّنَamongالْخَاسِرِينَthe losers
And the saying of Noah: 'My Lord, indeed I seek refuge with You that I commit what I have no knowledge of. And if You do not forgive me and have mercy on me, I shall be among the losers.
وَمَثَلُهُAnd similar to himكَثِيرٌis much.وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonقَالَMoses said:إِنْIfسَأَلْتُكَI ask Youعَنْaboutشَيْءٍsomethingبَعْدَهَاafter thisفَلَاthen do notتُصَحِّحْنِيcorrect me.
And much like that is why Moses said: 'If I ask You about something after this, then do not correct me.'
فَدَلَّSo it indicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّهُheسَأَلَهُasked himالثَّلَاثَthe three thingsقَبْلَbeforeأَنْthatيَحْدُثَhe mentionsلَهُfor himالذِّكْرَ،the mention,وَهَذَاand thisمَعْصِيَةٌis disobedienceلِنَهْيِهِto his prohibition.وَقَدْAnd he hasدَخَلَenteredفِيinقَوْلِهِ:his saying:وَلَاAnd do notأَعْصِdisobeyلَكَYou.أَمْرًاa command.
So it indicates that he asked him the three things before he mentions it, and this is disobedience to his prohibition. And he has entered into his saying: 'And do not disobey You a command.'
فَدَلَّSo it indicatesعَلَىthatعَاصِيٌّthe one who disobeysالنَّهْيَthe prohibitionعَاصِيٌّthe one who disobeysالْأَمْرَ،the command.وَمِنْهُAnd from himقَوْلُis the sayingتَعَالَى:of the Most High:أَلَاIndeedلَهُfor Himالْخَلْقُis the creationوَالْأَمْرُand the command.
So it indicates that the one who disobeys the prohibition is the one who disobeys the command. And from him is the saying of the Most High: 'Indeed, for Him is the creation and the command.'
وَقَدْAnd indeedدَخَلَenteredالنَّهْيُthe prohibitionفِيinالْأَمْرِ،the command.وَمِنْهَاAnd from itقَوْلُ:is the saying:فَلْيَحْذَرِLet those bewareالَّذِينَwhoيُخَالِفُونَopposeعَنْfromأَمْرِهِhis command.
And indeed the prohibition has entered into the command. And from it is the saying: 'Let those beware who oppose from his command.'
وَقَوْلُهُ:And his saying:وَمَاAnd whatكَانَwasلِمُؤْمِنٍfor a believerوَلَاand notمُؤْمِنَةٍa female believerإِذَاwhenقَضَىGod has decreedاللَّهُAllahوَرَسُولُهُand His Messengerأَمْرًاa commandأَنthatيَكُونَhe should beهُمُtheyالْخِيَارَةُthe choiceمِنْfromأَمْرِهِمْtheir affair.
And his saying: 'And what was for a believer and not for a female believer when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a command that they should have the choice in their affair.'
فَإِنَّFor indeedنَهْيَهُhis prohibitionدَاخِلٌis includedفِيinذَلِكَ.this.
For indeed his prohibition is included in this.
وَقَدْAnd the scholarsتَنَازَعَdisputedالْفُقَهَاءُthe juristsفِيinقَوْلِthe sayingالرَّجُلِof the manلِامْرَأَتِهِ:to his wife:إِذَاIfعَصَيْتِyou disobeyأَمْرِيmy commandفَأَنْتِthen you areطَالِقٌ،divorced,إِذَاifنَهَاهَاhe forbids herفَعَصَتْهُand she disobeys himهَلdoesيَكُونَit beذَلِكَthatداخِلًاincludedفِيinقَوْلِهِ؟his saying?
And the scholars disputed in the saying of the man to his wife: 'If you disobey my command, you are divorced.' If he forbids her and she disobeys him, does that be included in his saying?
عَلَىOnقَوْلَيْنِ:two sayings:قِيلَ:It was said:لَاnoيَدْخُلُ،it does not includeلِأَنَّbecauseحَقِيقَةَthe realityالنَّهْيَof the prohibitionغَيْرُis notحَقِيقَةَthe realityالأَمْرِ،of the command.وَقِيلَ:And it was said:يَدْخُلُit includesلِأَنَّbecauseذَلِكَthatيُفْهَمُis understoodمِنْهُfrom itفِيinالْعُرْفِthe customمَعْصِيَةَdisobedienceالأَمْرِthe commandوَالنَّهْيِ،and the prohibition,وَهَذَاand thisهُوَisالصَّوَابُ،the right answer,لِأَنَّbecauseمَاwhatذُكِرَis mentionedفِيinالْعُرْفِthe customaryهُوَisحَقِيقَةٌthe realityفِيinاللُّغَةِthe languageوَالشَّرْعِ،and the law.
On the two sayings: It was said that it does not include, because the reality of the prohibition is not the reality of the command. And it was said that it includes, because that is understood in the custom of disobedience to the command and the prohibition. And this is the right answer, because what is mentioned in the custom is the reality in the language and the law.
فَإِنَّFor indeedالأَمْرَthe commandالْمُطْلَقَthe absoluteفِيinكُلِّeveryمُتَكَلِّمٍspeakerإِذَاifقِيلَ:it is said:أَطِعْObeyأَمْرَthe commandفُلاَنٍ،of such and such,أَوْorفُلاَنٍsuch and suchيُطِيعُobeysأَمْرَthe commandفُلاَنٍof such and suchأَوْorلَاdoes notيَعْصِيdisobeyأَمْرَهُhis commandفَإِنَّهُit includesيَدْخُلُincludesفِيهُin itالنَّهْيَ،the prohibition,لِأَنَّbecauseالنََّاهِيَthe one who forbidsآمِرٌis commandingبِتَرْكِto leaveالْمَنْهِيِّthe prohibitedعَنْهُ،from it,
For indeed the absolute command in every speaker, when it is said: 'Obey the command of such and such,' or 'such and such obeys the command of such and such' or 'he does not disobey his command,' it includes the prohibition, because the prohibitor is commanding to leave what is prohibited.
فَلِهَذَاFor this reasonقَالَit is saidسُبْحَانَهُ:the Most High:وَلَاAnd do notتَلْبِسُواconfuseالْحَقَّthe truthبِالْبَاطِلِwith falsehoodوَتَكْتُمُواand concealالْحَقَّthe truthوَأَنْتُمْwhile youتَعْلَمُونَknow.
For this reason, it is said: 'And do not confuse the truth with falsehood, and conceal the truth while you know it.'
وَلَمْAnd notيُقَل:it was said:لَاdo notتَكْتُمُواconcealالْحَقَّthe truthفَلَمْbut notيَنْهَhe forbidsعَنْfromكُلِّallمِنْهُمَاof themلِتَلاَزُمِهِمَا،for their connection,وَلَيْسَتْand notهَذِهِthisوَاوُthe conjunctionالْجَمْعِthat collectsالَّتِيwhichيُسَمِّيَهَاis calledالْكُوفِيُونَthe Kufansوَاوُthe conjunctionالصَّرْفِof declensionكَمَاasقَدْmayيَظُنَّهُthink
And it was not said: 'Do not conceal the truth,' but not forbidding all of them for their connection. And this is not the conjunction that collects, which the Kufans call the conjunction of declension, as some may think.
فَإِنَّهَاFor indeed itكَانَتْwasتَكُونُto beالمَعْنَى:the meaning:لَاnoتَجْمَعُواyou gatherبَيْنَهُمَاbetween themفَيَكُونَin becomingأَحَدُهُمَاone of them aloneغَيْرَnotمَنْهِيٍّforbidden
For indeed the meaning is: you do not gather between them, in becoming one of them alone is not forbidden.
وَأَيْضًاAnd alsoفَتِلْكَthatإِنَّمَاonlyتَجِيءُcomesإِذَاifظَهَرَappearsالْفَرْقُthe differenceكَقَوْلِهِ:as his saying:وَلَمَّاAnd whenيَعْلَمُdoes not knowاللَّهُAllahالَّذِينَthose whoجَهَدُواstrivedمِنكُمْamong youوَيَعْلَمَand knowsالصَّابِرِينَthe patient.
And also that comes if the difference appears, as his saying: 'And when Allah does not know those who strived among you and knows the patient.'
وَقَوْلُهُ:And his saying:أَوْorيُوبِقَهُنَّHe overwhelms themبِمَاwith whatكَسَبُواthey earnedوَيَعْفُand He pardonsعَنْfromكَثِيرٍmuchوَيَعْلَمَand knowsالَّذِينَthose whoيُجَادِلُونَargueفِيinعَايَنَاwhat they seeمَاwhatلَهُمْfor themمِّنofيَحِيصٌescape.
And his saying: 'Or He overwhelms them with what they earned, and He pardons much, and knows those who argue in what they see, what they have of escape.'