وَلَمْAnd notيَعْرِفْknowصِفَاتِcharacteristicsالْحَقِّ،of the truth,هَلْwhetherيَكُونُhe isمُؤْمِنًاa believerأَمْorلَا؟no?
And he did not know the characteristics of the truth, whether he is a believer or not?
فَإِنْIfجَعَلُوهُthey made himمُؤْمِنًا،a believer,قِيلَ:it was said:فَإِذَاifبَلَغَهُhe reachedذَٰلِكَthatفَكَذَّبَand disbelievedبِهِ،in it,لَمْhe was notيَكُنْbeمُؤْمِنًاa believerبِاتِّفَاقِby the agreementالْمُسْلِمِينَ،of the Muslims,فَصَارَtherefore, it becameبَعْضَsomeالْإِيمَانِof the faithأَكْمَلَmore completeمِنْthanبَعْضٍ،some,
If they made him a believer, it was said: if he reached that and disbelieved in it, then he was not a believer by the agreement of the Muslims, therefore, some of the faith became more complete than some.
وَإِنْAnd ifقالُوا:they said:لَاnoيَكُونُhe isمُؤْمِنًا،a believer,لِسِمِهِمit would necessitate themأَنْthatلَاnotيَكُونَbeأَحَدٌanyoneمُؤْمِنًاa believerحَتَّىuntilيَعْرِفَhe knowsتَفْصِيلَthe detailsكُلَّof allمَاthat whichأَخْبَرَthe Messengerبِهِaboutالرَّسُولِthe Messengerوَمَعْلُومٌand it is knownأَنْthatأَكْثَرَmostالْأُمَّةِof the Ummahلَاdo notيَعْرِفُونَknowذَٰلِكَ،that,وَعِندَهُمْand among themالْإِيمَانُfaithلَاdoes notيَتَفَاضَلُdifferإِلَّاexceptبِالدُّوَامِby persistenceفَقَط.only.
And if they said: 'No one is a believer until he knows the details of all that the Messenger has informed about,' it necessitates that no one is a believer, since it is known that most of the Ummah does not know that, and among them faith does not differ except by persistence only.
قَالَHe saidأَبُوAbuالْمَعَالِي:al-Maali:فَإِنْIfقَالَthe one who says:الْقَائِلُ:the speaker:أَصْلَكُمْYour originalيَلْزَمُكُمْentails youأَنْto beيَكُونَbeإِيمَانٌthe faithالْمُنْهَمِكِof those immersedفِيinفِسْقِهِhis immoralitiesكَإِيمَانِlike the faithالنَّبِيِّof the Prophetصَلَّىpeaceاللَّهُof Allahعَلَيْهِupon himوَآلِهِand his familyوَسَلَّمَ).and peace be upon him.
Abu al-Maali said: If the one who says: 'Your foundations necessitate that the faith of the one immersed in his immoralities is like the faith of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family).'
قُلْنَا:We said:الَّذِيthe one whoيُفَضِّلُpreferإِيمَانَهُhis faithعَلَىoverإِيمَانِthe faithمَنْthanعَدَاهُothersبِاسْتِمْرَارٍby the continuousتَصْدِيقِهِhis affirmationوَعِصْمَةِand protectionاللَّهِof Allahإِيَّاهُhim fromمِنَtheمَخَامِرَةِinfiltrationالشُّكُوكِof doubtsوَاخْتِلَاجِand waveringالرَّيْبِ،of doubts,وَالتَّصْدِيقُand affirmationعَرَضٌis an attributeمِنْofالْأَعْرَاضِthe attributesلَاnotيَبْقَى،remain,وَهُوَand it isمُتَوَالٍcontinuousلِلنَّبِيِّfor the Prophetثَابِتٌis establishedلِغَيْرِهِfor othersفِيinبَعْضٍsomeالْأَوْقَاتِ،times,وَزَالٍand removedعَنْهُfrom himفِيinأَوْقَاتِtimesالْفَتَرَاتِof intervalsفَيُثْبَتُand is establishedلِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺfor the Prophet ﷺأَعدادٌnumbersمِنَofالتَّصْدِيقِ،the affirmation,وَلَاand notيَثْبُتُestablishedلِغَيْرِهِfor othersإِلَّاexceptبَعْضُهَا،some,فَيَكُونُtherefore, becomesإِيمَانُهُhis faithلِذَٰلِكَfor that reasonأَكْثَرَmoreوَأَفْضَلَ.and better.قَالَHe saidوَلَوْAnd ifوَصَفَdescribedالْإِيمَانَthe faithبِالزِّيَادَةِby increaseوَالنُّقْصَانِand decreaseوَأُرِيدَand meantبِهِby thatذَٰلِكَthatكَانَwould beمُسْتَقِيمًا.straightforward.
We said: the one who prefers his faith over the faith of others, is protected by Allah from doubts, and affirmation is an attribute that does not remain, it is continuous for the Prophet ﷺ, established for others in some times, and removed from him in times of intervals, thus the affirmation for the Prophet ﷺ is of numerous amounts, and is not established for others except some; thus his faith is for that reason more and better.
قُلْتُ:I said:فَهَذَاthisهُوَisالَّذِيthe one thatيُفَضِّلُprefersبِهِwithالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetغَيْرَهُother than himفِيinالْإِيمَانِfaithعِندَهُمْ،among them,وَمَعْلُومٌand it is knownأَنْthatهَذَاthisفِيinغَايَةِthe utmostالْفَسَادِcorruptionمِنْfromوُجُوهٍmany aspectsكَثِيرَةٍ،many,كَمَاasقَدْhasبَسَطَelaboratedفِيinمَوَاضِعَcraftedأُخْرَى.other places.
I said: this is what distinguishes the Prophet from others in faith among them, and it is known that this is the utmost corruption from many aspects, as has been elaborated in other places.
فَصْلٌSectionقَالَHe saidالَّذِينَthose whoنَصَرُواsupportedمَذْهَبَthe doctrineجَهْمٍof Jahmفِيinالْإِيمَانِfaithمِنَof theالْمُتَأَخِّرِينَlater scholars —كَالْقَاضِيlike QadiأَبِيAbuبَكْرٍBakrوَهَذَاand thisلَفْظُهُ:is his wording:
Section: Those who supported the doctrine of Jahm in faith from the later scholars — like Qadi Abu Bakr, and this is his wording:
فَإِنْIfقَالَthe one who says:قَائِلٌ:the speaker:وَمَاand whatالْإِسْلَامُis Islamعِندَكُمْ؟with you?قِيلَIt was said to him:الْإِسْلَامُIslamالانْقِيَادُis submissionوَالِاسْتِسْلَامُ،and surrender,فَكُلُّfor everyطَاعَةٍact of obedienceانْقَادَthe servant submitsالْعَبْدُthe servantبِهَاby itلِرَبِّهِto his Lordوَاسْتَسْلَمَand surrendersفِيَهَاin itلِأَمْرِهِ،to his command,فَهِيَit isإِسْلَامٌ،Islam,وَالْإِيمَانُ:and faith:خَصْلَةٌa characteristicمِنْofخِصَالِthe qualitiesالإِسْلَامِ؛of Islam;وَكُلُّand everyإِيمَانٍfaithإِسْلَامٌ،is Islam,وَلَيْسَand notكُلُّeveryإِسْلَامٍIslamإِيمَانًا.is faith.
If the speaker says: 'And what is Islam with you?' It was said to him: 'Islam is submission and surrender; for every act of obedience the servant submits to his Lord and surrenders to His command, thus it is Islam, and faith is a characteristic of the qualities of Islam; and every faith is Islam, while not every Islam is faith.'