قَالُواThey said::فَإِنَّThen ifقِيلَit is said::مَعْنَاهُits meaning::لَاnotيُؤْمِنُونَbelieveإِيمَانًاin a beliefمُجْزِئًاadequateمُعْتَدًّاconsideredبِهِas valid،,أَوْorيَكُونَit isالمَعْنَىthe meaning::لَاnotيُؤَدُّونَfulfillحُقُوقَthe rightsالإِيمَانِof faith،,وَلَاand notيَعْمَلُونَthey actبِمُقْتَضَاهُaccording to it،,قُلْنَاWe said::هَذَاThisعَامٌّis generalلَاnotيُخَصَّصُspecifiedإِلَّاexceptبِدَلِيلٍwith evidence
They said: Then if it is said: its meaning is: they do not believe in an adequate and valid belief, or the meaning is: they do not fulfill the rights of faith, nor do they act according to it. We said: This is general and cannot be specified except with evidence.
فَيُقَالُIt is saidلَهُمْto them::هَذِهِThisالْآيَةُverseفِيهَاcontainsنَفْيٌnegationالإِيمَانِof faithعَمَّنْabout whomيُوَالِيthey allyالْمُحَادِينَthose who opposeاللَّهَAllahوَرَسُولَهُand His Messenger،,وَفِيهَاand in itأَنَّthatمَنْwhoeverلَاdoes notيُوَالِيallyالْمُحَادِينَthe opponentsاللَّهَAllahوَرَسُولَهُand His Messenger،,فَإِنَّthen indeedاللَّهَAllahكَتَبَhas writtenفِيinقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsالإِيمَانَfaith،,وَأَيَّدَهُمْand supported themبِرُوحٍwith a spiritمِنْهُfrom Him،,وَهَذَاand thisيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonمَذْهَبِthe doctrineالسَّلَفِof the predecessorsأَنَّهُthat mustلَابُدَّthere must beفِيinالإِيمَانِfaith,,مِنْofمَحَبَّةٍloveالقَلْبِthe heartاللَّهِAllahوَلِرَسُولِهِand His Messenger,,وَمِنْand hatredبُغْضٍforمَنْwhoيُحَادِدُopposesاللَّهَAllahوَرَسُولَهُand the Messenger,,ثُمَّThenلَمْit did notتَدُلَّindicateالْآيَةُthe verseعَلَىthatأَنَّthatالْعِلْمَknowledgeفِيinقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsبِأَنَّthatمُحَمَّدًاMuhammadرَسُولَis a Messengerاللَّهِof Allahيَرْتَفِعُis elevatedلَاdoes notيَبْقَىremainمِنْهُof itشَيْءٌanything،,وَالْإِيمَانُand the faithالَّذِيthatكُتِبَwas writtenفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartلَيْسَis notهُوَitمُجَرَّدَmereالْعِلْمِknowledgeوَالْتَّصْدِيقِand affirmation،,بَلْbutهُوَit isتَصْدِيقٌthe affirmationالْقَلْبِof the heartوَعَمَلٌand workالْقَلْبِof the heart،,وَلِهَذَاand that’s whyقَالَit is said::﴿وَأَيَّدَهُمAnd He supported themبِرُوحِwith a spiritمِنْهُfrom Him،,وَيُدْخِلُهُمْand He will admit themجَنَّاتٍto Gardensتَجْرِيbeneath whichمِنْfromتَحْتِهَاits riversالْأَنْهَارُthe riversخَالِدِينَto abide foreverفِيهَاin itرَضِيَpleasedاللَّهُAllahعَنْهُمْwith themوَرَضُواand they were pleasedعَنْهُwith HimأُولَـٰئِكَThose areحِزْبُthe party ofاللَّهِAllah.. أَلَاIndeedإِنَّthe partyحِزْبَof Allahاللَّهِis successfulهُمُthose who areالْمُفْلِحُونَsuccessful
It is said to them: This verse denies faith for those who ally with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, and in it is that whoever does not ally with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, then Allah has written in their hearts faith, and has supported them with a spirit from Him. This indicates the doctrine of the predecessors that faith must include love of Allah and His Messenger, and hatred of those who oppose Allah and His Messenger. Then the verse does not indicate that the knowledge in their hearts that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah is completely erased, and the faith that was written in the heart is not mere knowledge and affirmation, but is the affirmation of the heart and the work of the heart. That’s why it was said: "And He supported them with a spirit from Him, and He will admit them to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to abide therein forever. Allah was pleased with them and they were pleased with Him. Those are the party of Allah. Indeed, the party of Allah is successful."
فَقَدْIndeedوَعَدَهُمHe promised themبِالْجَنَّةِParadise,,وَقَدْand indeedاتَّفَقَit was agreedالْجَمِيعُby allعَلَىthatالْوَعْدَthe promiseبِالْجَنَّةِof Paradiseلَاnotيَكُونَbeإِلَّاexceptمَعَwithالإِتْيَانِthe comingبِالْمَأْمُورِwith what was commandedبِهِof itوَتَرْكِand leavingالْمَحْظُورِthe prohibited,,فَعُلِمَso it is knownأَنَّthatهَؤُلَاءِtheseالَّذِينَwhoكُتِبَwere writtenفِيinقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsالإِيمَانُthe faithوَأَيَّدَهُمْand their handsبِرُوحٍwith a spiritمِنْهُfrom Himقَدْhaveأَدَّوْاfulfilledالْوَاجِبَاتِthe obligationsالَّتِيwhichبِهَاby whichيَسْتَحِقُّونَthey deserveمَاwhatوَعَدَHe promisedاللَّهُAllahبِهِwith itالأَبْرَارَthe righteousالْمُتَّقِينَthe pious,,وَدَلَّand this indicatesهَذَاthisعَلَىonأَنَّthatالْفُسَّاقَthe sinnersلَمْdid notيَدْخُلُواenterفِيinهَذَاthisالْوَعْدِpromise,,وَدَلَّتand it indicatesهَذِهِthisالْآيَةُverseعَلَىuponأَنَّهَاthatلَاthere is noتُوجَدُexistsمُؤْمِنٌbelieverيُوَالِيwho alliesالْكُفَّارَthe disbelievers,,وَمَعْلُومٌand knownأَنْthatخَلَقًاmanyكَثِيرًاof the peopleمِنfromالنَّاسِpeopleيَعْرِفُknowمِنْofنَفْسِهِthemselvesأَنْthatالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmationفِيinقَلْبِهِtheir heartلَمْhas notيَكْذِبْdeniedالرَّسُولَthe Messenger,,وَهُوَand he isمَعَwithهَذَاthis
Indeed, He promised them Paradise, and it was agreed by all that the promise of Paradise only exists with fulfilling the commands and avoiding the prohibitions. So, it is known that those who had faith written in their hearts and supported by a spirit from Him fulfilled the obligations by which they deserve what Allah promised the righteous and the pious. This indicates that the sinners did not enter into this promise, and this verse indicates that there is no believer who allies with disbelievers, and it is known that many people know from themselves that the affirmation in their hearts has not denied the Messenger, yet with this they ally with some disbelievers.
فَالسَّلَفُSo the predecessorsيَقُولُونَsay::تُرْكُLeavingالْوَاجِبَاتِthe obligationsالظَّاهِرَةِthe apparentدَلِيلٌis evidenceعَلَىofانْتِفَاءِthe absenceالإِيمَانِof faithالْوَاجِبِthe obligatoryمِنَofالْقَلْبِthe heartلَكِنَّbutقَدْmayيَكُونَbeذَٰلِكَthatبِزَوَالِby the lossعَمَلِof the workالْقَلْبِof the heartالَّذِيwhichهُوَisحُبُّloveاللَّهِAllahوَرَسُولِهِand His Messenger,,وَخَشْيَةُand fearاللَّهِAllahوَنَحْوُand similarذَٰلِكَthatلَاnotيَسْتَلْزِمُnecessitateأَنْthatلَاthere is notيَكُونَbeفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartمِنَofالتَّصْدِيقِthe affirmationشَيْءٌanything،, وَعِندَand amongهَؤُلَاءِtheseكُلِّeveryمَنْwhoeverنَفَىnegatedالشَّرْعَthe lawإِيمَانَهُhis faithدَلَّindicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّهُhe is notلَيْسَnotفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartشَيْءٌanythingمِنَofالتَّصْدِيقِthe affirmationأَصْلًاat all،, وَهَذَاand thisسَفْسَطَةٌis sophistryعِندَin the view ofجَمَاهِيرِthe majorityالْعُقَلَاءِof the wise
So the predecessors say: Leaving the apparent obligations is evidence of the absence of obligatory faith from the heart, but this may be due to the loss of the work of the heart, which is the love of Allah and His Messenger, and fear of Allah, and such a thing does not necessitate that there is nothing of affirmation in the heart. Among these, whoever negates the law of his faith indicates that he has nothing of affirmation in his heart at all, and this is sophistry in the view of the majority of the wise.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseحَكَىreportedابْنُIbnفُورَكFurqعَنْaboutأَبِيAbuالْحَسَنِAl-Hasanقَالَsaid::الإِيمَانُFaithهُوَisاعْتِقَادٌbeliefصِدْقِin the truthfulnessالْمُخْبِرِof the informerفِيْمَاin whatيُخْبِرُhe informsبِهِwith itاعْتِقَادًa beliefهُوَthat isعِلْمٌknowledge,,وَمِنْهُand some of itاعْتِقَادٌbeliefلَيْسَis notبِعِلْمٍknowledge,, وَالإِيمَانُand faithبِاللَّهِin Allahوَهُوَisاعْتِقَادٌbeliefصِدْقِهِof His truthfulnessإِنَّمَاonlyيَصِحُّis validإِذَاifكَانَit isعَالِمًاwith knowledgeبِصِدْقِهِof His truthfulnessفِيinإِخْبَارِهِhis informing،, وَإِنَّمَاand onlyيَكُونُit isكَذَلِكَso
And likewise, Ibn Furq reported that Abu Al-Hasan said: Faith is the belief in the truthfulness of the informer in what he informs, and this belief is knowledge, and some of it is a belief that is not knowledge. And faith in Allah is the belief in His truthfulness, and it only becomes valid if one knows of His truthfulness in His informing.