لَأَنَّهَاbecause it isعِبَارَةٌa phraseعَنْaboutالتَّصْدِيقِ،the affirmation,وَقَالَand saidبَعْضُsomeأَصْحَابِنَاof our companionsالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmationلَاdoes notيَتَحَقَّقُbecome realizedإِلَّاexceptبِالْقَوْلِby the saying
Because it is a phrase about the affirmation, and some of our companions said that the affirmation does not become realized except by the saying.
وَالصِّدْقِAnd truthجَمِيعًا،all together,فَإِذَاifاجْتَمَعَاthey gatherكَانَاthey areتَصْدِيقًاan affirmationوَاحِدًا.one.
And truth all together, if they gather, they are one affirmation.
وَمِنْهُمْAnd among themمَنْare those whoاِكْتَفَىwere satisfiedبِتَرْكِwith leavingالْعِنَادِ،the obstinacy,فَلَمْso they did notيَجْعَلُواmakeالإِقْرَارَthe acknowledgmentأَحَدًاone ofرُكْنِيthe pillars ofالإِيمَانِthe faithفَيَقُولُونَ :They say:الإِيمَانُ :The faith is:هُوَit isالتَّصْدِيقُthe affirmationبِالْقَلْبِ،of the heart,وَأَوْجَبَand it necessitatedتَرْكَthe leaving ofالْعِنَادِthe obstinacyبِالشَّرْعِ،by the law,وَعَلَىand based onهَذَاthisالأَصْلِprincipleيَجِبُit is permissibleأَنْthatيُعْرَفَa disbeliever may knowالْكَافِرَGod,اللَّهَ،God,وَإِنَّمَاand onlyيَكْفُرُdisbelievesبِالْعِنَادِ،out of obstinacy,لَاnotلِأَنَّهُbecause heتَرَكَleftمَاwhatهُوَisالْأَهَمُّmore importantفِيinالإِيمَانِ .faith.
And among them are those who were satisfied with leaving the obstinacy, so they did not make the acknowledgment one of the pillars of faith, they say: Faith is the affirmation of the heart, and it necessitated the leaving of obstinacy by the law, and based on this principle it is permissible that a disbeliever may know God, and he only disbelieves out of obstinacy, not because he left what is more important in faith.
وَعَلَىAnd based onهَذَاthisالأَصْلِprincipleيُقَالُ :it is said:إنَّthatالْيَهُودَthe Jewsكَانُواwereعَالِمِينَknowledgeableبِاللَّهِabout Godوَنُبُوَّةِand the prophethoodمُحَمَّدٍ،of Muhammad,إِلَّاexceptأَنَّهُمْthat theyكَفَرُواdisbelievedعِنَادًاout of obstinacyوَبَغْيًاand persecutionوَحَسَدًاand envy,,قَالَ :He said:وَعَلَىAnd based onقَوْلِthe statement ofشَيْخِنَاour SheikhأَبِيAbuالْحَسَنِ :Hasan:كُلُّAllمَنْwhoحَكَمْنَاwe ruledبِكُفْرِهِhis disbeliefفَنَقُولُ :we say:إِنَّهُthat heلَاdoes notيَعْرِفُknowاللَّهَGodأَصْلًاat allوَلَاand does notعَرَفَrecognizeرَسُولَهُHis messengerوَلَاand notدِينَهُ .His religion.
And based on this principle, it is said that the Jews were knowledgeable about God and the prophethood of Muhammad, except that they disbelieved out of obstinacy, persecution, and envy. He said: And based on our Sheikh Abu Hasan's statement: All those whom we ruled as disbelievers, we say that he does not know God at all, nor does he recognize His messenger or His religion.
قَالَAbuأَبُوAbuالْقَاسِمِAl-Qasimالْأَنْصَارِيِّthe Ansariتَلْمِيذُهُ:his student:كَأَنَّIt seemsالْمَعْنَى :the meaning is:لَاnoحُكْمَrulingلِإِيمَانِهِfor his faithوَلَاand noلَمَعْرِفَتِهِrecognitionشَرْعًا .by the law.
Abu Al-Qasim the Ansari said to his student: The meaning seems to be that there is no ruling for his faith nor for his recognition by the law.
قُلْتُ :I said:وَلَيْسَAnd it is notالْأَمْرُthe matterعَلَىasهَذَاthisالْقَوْلِstatementكَمَاasقَالَهُstated byالْأَنْصَارِيِّthe Ansariهَذَا،this,وَلَكِنَbutعَلَىbased onقَوْلِهِمْ :their statement:الْمُعَانِدُthe obstinate oneكَافِرٌis a disbelieverشَرْعًا،by law,فَيُجْعَلُit is madeالْكُفْرُdisbeliefتَارَةًsometimesبَانْتِفَاءِby the negationالإِيمَانِof faithالَّذِيthat whichفِيis inالْقَلْبِ،the heart,وَتَارَةًand sometimesبِالْعِنَادِ،by obstinacy,وَيُجْعَلُand it makesهَذَاthisكَافِرًاdisbelieverفِيinالشَّرْعِthe lawوَإِنْand ifكَانَhe hasمَعَهُwith himحَقِيقَةَthe truthالإِيمَانِof faithالَّذِيthat whichهُوَisالتَّصْدِيقُ،the affirmation,وَيُلْزِمُهُand he is obligedأَنْto beيُعْتَبَرَconsideredكَافِرًاdisbelieverفِيby theالشَّرْعِlawمَعَdespiteأَنَّthatمَعَهُhe hasالإِيمَانَfaithالَّذِيthat whichهُوَisمِثْلَlikeإِيمَانِthe faithالْأَنْبِيَاءِof the prophetsوَالْمَلَائِكَةِand the angelsوَالْحُذَّاقِand the skilledفِيinهَذَاthisالْمَذَهَبِdoctrineكَأَبِيlike Abuالْحَسَنِ،Hasan,وَالْقَاضِي،and the judge,وَمِنْand fromقَبْلِهِمbefore themمِنَofأَتْبَاعِthe followers ofجَهْمJahmعَرَفُواthey recognizedأَنَّthatهَذَاthisتَنَاقُضٌcontradictionيُفْسِدُspoilsالأَصْلَthe principleفَقَالُوا:so they said:لَاnoيَكُونُone isوَاحِدٌa disbelieverكَافِرًاexceptإِلَّاifذَهَبَthere is noمَاwhatفِيis inقَلْبِهِhis heartمِنَofالتَّصْدِيقِthe affirmationوَالْتَزَمُواand they committedأَنْthatكُلَّeveryمَنْone whoحَكَمَthe law rulesالشَّرْعُon themبِكُفْرِهِ،of disbelief,فَإِنَّهُthatلَيْسَthere is notفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartشَيْءٌanythingمِنْofمَعْرِفَةِthe knowledge ofاللَّهِGodوَلَاnorمَعْرِفَةِthe knowledge ofرَسُولِهِ،His messenger,وَلِهَذَاand thusأنْكَرَrejectedهَذَاthisعَلَيْهِمupon themجَمَاهِيرُthe majority ofالْعُقَلَاءِ،the rationalists,وَقَالُواand they saidهَذَاthisمُكَابَرَةٌis a contradictionوَسَفَسَطَةٌ .and sophistry.
I said: And it is not the matter as stated by the Ansari, but based on their statement: the obstinate one is a disbeliever by law, as disbelief is sometimes by negating the faith that is in the heart, and sometimes by obstinacy; and this makes one a disbeliever in the law even if he has the truth of faith which is the affirmation, and he is obliged to be considered a disbeliever by the law despite having faith like that of the prophets and the angels. The skilled in this doctrine like Abu Hasan and the judge, and others before them from the followers of Jahm recognized that this is a contradiction that spoils the principle, so they said: No one is a disbeliever except if there is nothing in his heart of the affirmation, and they committed to saying that everyone whom the law rules of disbelief, that there is not in his heart anything of the knowledge of God nor the knowledge of His messenger. And thus the majority of rationalists rejected this upon them, saying this is a contradiction and sophistry.
وَقَدِAnd theyاحْتَجُّواarguedعَلَىagainstقَوْلِهِمtheir statementبِقَوْلِهِby His sayingتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿لَا(Indeed, not)تَجِدُyou will findقَوْمًاa peopleيُؤْمِنُونَwho believeبِاللَّهِin Godوَالْيَوْمِand the Day ofالْآخِرِthe Lastيُوَادُونَand they allyمَنْthose whoحَادَّopposeاللَّهَGodوَرَسُولَهُand His Messengerوَلَوْeven ifكَانُواthey wereوَابَاءَهُمْtheir fathersأَوْorأَبْنَاءَهُمْtheir sonsأَوْorإخْوَانَهُمْtheir brothersأَوْorعَشِيرَتَهُمْtheir tribe.أُولَـٰئِكَThose areكَتَبَwho have writtenفِيinقُلُوبِهِمُtheir heartsالإِيمَانَthe faithوَأَيَّدَهُمْand He supported themبِرُوحٍwith a spiritمِنْهُfrom Him.وَيُدْخِلُهُمْAnd He will admit themجَنَّاتٍto gardensتَجْرِيthat flowمِنْfromتَحْتِهَاbeneath themالأَنْهَارُthe riversخَالِدِينَabidingفِيهَاin themرَضِيَpleasedاللَّهُGodعَنْهُمْwith themوَرَضُواand they are pleasedعَنْهُwith Him.أُولَـٰئِكَThose areحِزْبُthe party ofاللَّهِGod.أَلَاIndeed,إِنَّthe party ofحِزْبَGodاللَّهِGod.هُمْthey areالْمُفْلِحُونَ )the successful ones.[المجادلة : ٢٢]. [Al-Mujadila: 22].
And they argued against their statement with His saying, the Most High: "Indeed, you will not find a people who believe in God and the Last Day, who ally with those who oppose God and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their tribe. Those are whom God has written in their hearts faith and has supported them with a spirit from Him. And He will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein. God is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him. Those are the party of God. Indeed, the party of God are the successful ones." [Al-Mujadila: 22].
قَالُوا :They said:وَمَفْهُومُAnd the implicationهَذَاof thisأَنَّis thatمَنْwhoeverلَمْdoes notيَعْمَلْactبِمُقْتَضَاهُaccording to itلَمْhas notيُكْتَبْbeen writtenفِيinقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsالإِيمَانَ .the faith.
They said: And the implication of this is that whoever does not act according to it has not been written in their hearts the faith.