الْبِدْعَةُ،The innovation,بَلْbutأَوَّلُthe firstمِنْofعَرَفَknowفِيinالإِسْلامِIslamأَنَّهُthatجَعَلَmadeمُسَمَّىthe termالكَلاَمِspeechالْمَعْنَىmeaningفَقَطُ،only,هُوَhe isعَبْدُ اللَّهِAbdullahابْنُson ofسَعِيدٍSaeedابْنُson ofكِلَابٍ،Kilab,وَهُوَand he isمُتَأَخِّرٌlaterفِيinزَمَنِthe timeمِحْنَةِtrialأَحْمَدَAhmadابْنُson ofحَنْبَلٍ،Hanbal,وَقَدْand hasأَنْكَرَdeniedذَلِكَthatعَلَيْهِupon himعُلَمَاءَthe scholarsالسُّنَّةِof Sunnahوَعُلَمَاءَand the scholarsالْبِدْعَةِof innovationفَيَمْتَنِعُtherefore it is impossibleأَنْtoيَكُونَbeالكَلاَمُthe speechالَّذِيthatهُوَisأَظْهَرَthe most apparentصِفَاتِtraitsبَنِيof the sons ofآدَمَ،Adam,كَمَاasقَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿فَوَرَبِّ(So, by the Lord)السَّمَاءِof the heavensوَالْأَرْضِ،and the earth,إِنَّهُindeed, He isلَحَقُّthe truth,مِثْلَlikeمَاwhatأَنَّكُمْyouتَنْطِقُونَspeak))[الذَّارِيَاتِ][Adh-Dhariyat]وَلَفْظُهُAnd its expressionلَاis notتُحْصَىcountedوُجُوهُهُits formsكَثْرَةٌ،abundanceلَمْnotيَعْرِفْهُbe known by himأَحَدٌanyoneمِنْofالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsوَالتَّابِعِينَand the followersوَتَابِعِيَّهُمْand their followersحَتَّىuntilجَاءَcameمَنْwhoقَالَsaidفِيهِabout himقَوْلًاa sayingلَمْnotيُسْبِقْهُprecede himإِلَيْهِto himأَحَدٌanyoneمِنَofالْمُسْلِمِينَthe Muslimsوَلَاnorغَيْرُهُمْ.others.
The innovation, but the first who is known in Islam to have defined speech as meaning only, is Abdullah ibn Said ibn Kilab. He is later in the time of the trial of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and that was denied by the scholars of Sunnah and the scholars of innovation, therefore it is impossible that speech - which is the most apparent of the traits of the sons of Adam, as the Most High said: (So, by the Lord of the heavens and the earth, indeed, He is the truth, like what you speak) - and its expression, which cannot be counted in its forms, was known by anyone from the companions and the followers until there came someone who said about it a saying that no one from the Muslims or others had preceded him to say.
فَإِنْIfقَالُواthey said:فَقَدْindeedقَالَsaidاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿وَيَقُولُونَ(And they say)فِيinأَنفُسِهِم)themselves)[المُجَادَلَةِ: ٨][Al-Mujadila: 8]وَقَالَAnd He said:وَاذْكُرْAnd rememberرَبَّكَyour Lordفِيinنَفْسِكَyourselfتَضَرُّعًاwith humilityوَخِيفَةًand fear﴾﴾[الأَعْرَافِ: ٢٠٥]،[Al-A'raf: 205],وَنَحْوَand similarذَلِكَ.that.
If they said: Indeed, Allah the Most High said: (And they say in themselves) [Al-Mujadila: 8] and He said: (And remember your Lord in yourself with humility and fear) [Al-A'raf: 205], and similar to that.
قِيلَ:It is said:إِنْIfكَانَit wasالْمُرَادُintendedأَنْهُمْthat theyقَالُوهُsaid itبِأَلْسُنَتِهِمwith their tonguesسَرًّا،secretly,فَلَاthen there is noحُجَّةٌevidenceفِيهِ،in it,وَهَذَاand this isهُوَtheالَّذِيthatذَكَرَهُmentionedالْمُفَسِّرُونَthe interpreters.قَالُواThey said:كَانُواThey used toيَقُولُونَ:say:سَامَSamعَلَيْكَ،to you,فَإِذَاthen ifخَرَجُواthey went outيَقُولُونَthey sayفِيinأَنفُسِهِم،themselves,أَيْ:that is,يَقُولُsayبَعْضُهُمْsome of themلَبَعْضٍ:to others:لَوْifكَانَwasنَبِيًّاa prophetعَذَّبْنَاwe would be punishedبِقَوْلِنَاfor our sayingلَهُto himمَاwhatنَقُولُ.we say.
It is said: If they intended that they said it with their tongues secretly, then there is no evidence in it, and this is what the interpreters mentioned. They said: They used to say: Sam to you, then if they went out, they would say to themselves, that is, some said to others: If he were a prophet we would be punished for our saying to him what we say.
وَإِنْAnd ifقَدْرَit is meantأَنَّهُthat itأُرِيدَintendedبِذَلِكَby thatأَنْهُمْthat theyقَالُوهُsaid itفِيinقُلُوبِهِم،their hearts,فَهَذَاthen thisقَوْلٌsayingمُقَيَّدٌis restrictedبِالنَّفْسِ،to the self,مِثْلَlikeقَوْلِهِ:his saying:عَمَّاof that whichحَدَّثَتْit reportedبِهَاby itأَنْفُسُهَا»the souls themselves,'وَلِهَذَاand for this reasonقَالُوا:they said:لَوْلَاIf notيُعَذِّبُنَاpunish usاللَّهُAllahبِمَاfor whatنَقُولُwe say.
And if it is meant that they said it in their hearts, then this saying is restricted to the self, like his saying: of that which the souls themselves recorded; for this reason they said: If not Allah punish us for what we say.
فَأَطْلَقُواThen they releasedلَفْظَthe termالْقَوْلَsayingهُنَا،here,وَالْمُرَادَand the intendedبِهِby itمَاwhatقَالُوهُthey saidبِأَلْسُنَتِهِم،with their tongues,لَأَنَّهُbecause it isالْنَّجْوَىthe whisperingوَالتَّحِيَّةُand the greetingالَّتِيwhichنُهُواthey were forbiddenعَنْهَاfrom itكَمَاasقَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿أَلَمْ(Did not)تَرَyou seeإِلَىtoالَّذِينَthose whoنُهُواwere forbiddenعَنِfromالنَّجْوَىthe whisperingثُمَّthenيَعُودُونَthey returnلِمَاto whatنُهُواthey were forbiddenعَنْهُfrom itوَيَتَتَجَوَّنَand they conspireبِالإِثْمِwith sinوَالْعُدْوَانِand aggressionوَمَعْصِيَتِand disobedienceالرَّسُولِthe MessengerوَإِذَاAnd whenجَاءُوكَthey come to youحَبُّوكَthey greet youبِمَاwith that whichلَمْnotيُحِبَّكَHe loves youبِهِwith him Allahوَيَقُولُونَand they sayفِيinأَنفُسِهِمْthemselvesلَوْلَاIf notيُعَذِّبُنَاpunish usاللَّهُAllahبِمَاfor whatنَقُولُwe say.[المُجَادَلَةِ: ٨][Al-Mujadila: 8]مَعَ أَنَّAlthoughالأَوَّلُthe firstهُوَisالَّذِيthatعَلَيْهِupon itأَكْثَرُmostالْمُفَسِّرِينَof the interpretersوَعَلَيْهَاand this isتَدُلُّindicatesنَظَائِرَهُ،its parallels.
Then they released the term 'saying' here, and what is intended by it is what they said with their tongues, because it is the whispering and the greeting which they were forbidden from, as the Most High said: (Did you not see those who were forbidden from whispering, then return to what they were forbidden from, and they conspire with sin and aggression and disobedience to the Messenger? And when they come to you, they greet you with that which Allah does not greet you, and they say to themselves, 'If not Allah punish us for what we say.' [Al-Mujadila: 8] Although the first is what most interpreters have upon it, and this indicates its parallels.
فَإِنَّFor ifالنَّبِيَّ ﷺthe Prophet ﷺقَالَ:said:يَقُولُAllah says:مَنْwhoeverذَكَرَنِيremembers MeفِيinنَفْسِهِhimselfذَكَرْتُهُI remember himفِيinنَفْسِي،Myself,وَمَنْand whoeverذَكَرَنِيremembers Meفِيinمَلَأٍa gatheringذَكَرْتُهُI remember himفِيinمَلَأٍa gatheringخَيْرٍbetterمِنْهُ (١)،than it (1),لَيْسَis notالْمُرَادَthe intentionأَنْهُthat heلَاnoيَتَكَلَّمَspeaksبِهِabout itبِلِسَانِهِ،with his tongue,بَلْbutالْمُرَادُthe intended meaningأَنْهُthat heذَكَرَremembersاللَّهَAllahبِلِسَانِهِ.with his tongue.
For if the Prophet ﷺ said: Allah says: Whoever remembers Me in himself, I remember him in Myself, and whoever remembers Me in a gathering, I remember him in a gathering better than it (1), the intention is not that he does not speak about it with his tongue, but the intended meaning is that he remembers Allah with his tongue.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseقَوْلُهُ:His saying:(وَاذْكُرْ(And rememberرَبَّكَyour Lordفِيinنَفْسِكَyourselfتَضَرُّعًاwith humilityوَخِيفَةًand fearوَدُونَand withoutالْجَهْرِthe loudnessمِنَofالْقَوْلِ)saying)هُوَisالذِّكْرُthe remembranceبِاللِّسَانِwith the tongueوَالَّذِيand that whichيُقَيِّدُrestrictsبِالنَّفْسِto the selfلَفْظُthe termالْحَدِيثُthe speechيُقَالُ:is said:حَدِيثٌthe speechالنَّفْسِ.of the self.
And likewise, His saying: (And remember your Lord in yourself with humility and fear and without loudness of speech) is the remembrance with the tongue and that which restricts to the self is the term 'the speech' is said: 'the speech of self.'
وَلَمْAnd did not(١)(1)
And did not (1)
فَمَاهَذَاSo what is this?إِلَّاexceptتَجَهُّمٌfrowningمِنَofبَعْضِهِمsome of them.تَفَرُّقَاتٌdivisionsوَعِدَةُand patternsوَمَوَاهِمٌand illusions.
So this is nothing except frowning from some of them. Divisions and patterns and illusions.