خَلَقَcreatedالجَنَّةَthe paradiseفَوْقَaboveالسَّمَاوَاتِthe heavensالسَّبْعِthe seven
God created the paradise above the seven heavens.
كُلُّeveryشَيْءٍthingهَالِكٌperishesإلاَّexceptوَجْهَهُHis face
Every thing perishes except His face.
أَيُّthat isإلاَّexceptذَاتِهِHis essenceفَإِنَّforمَاwhatعَدَاهُbesides Him
That is except His essence, for what is besides Him.
مُمْكِنٌpossibleهَالِكٌperishesفِيinحَدٍّlimitذَاتِهِHis essenceمَعْدُومٌnon-existentانْتَهَىendedكَلَامُspeechالقَسْطَلَانِيِّAl-Qastalani
What is possible perishes in the limit of His essence; the speech of Al-Qastalani has ended.
وَقَالَAnd saidالْعَلَّامَةُthe signالشَّارِحُthe commentatorقُلْنَاwe saidلَاnotنُسَلِّمُwe concedeأَنْthatقَوْلَهُHis sayingتَعَالَىExaltedكُلَّeveryشَيْءٍthingهَالِكٌperishesيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonأَنْthatمَاwhatسِوَىbesidesاللَّهِGodتَعَالَىExaltedيَنْعَدِمُbecomes non-existentفَإِنَّforإلاَّexceptوَجْهَهُHis face
And the commentator said: We do not concede that His saying, Exalted be He, "Every thing perishes" indicates that what is besides God becomes non-existent, except for His face.
مِمَّاfrom whatمَعْنَاهُits meaningأَنْthatكُلُّeveryشَيْءٍthingسِوَىbesidesاللَّهِGodتَعَالَىExaltedمَعْدُومٌnon-existentفِيinذَاتِهِHis essenceبِالنَّظَرِin considerationإِلَىtoذَاتِهِHis essenceمِنْfromحَيْثُwhereأَنَّهُthat it isمُمْكِنٌpossibleمَعَwithقَطْعِcuttingالنَّظَرِthe considerationعَنْfromوُجُودِهِits existenceلَأَنَّbecauseكُلَّeveryمَاwhatسِوَاهُbesides Himمُمْكِنٌpossibleوَالمُمْكِنُand the possibleبِالنَّظَرِin regard toإِلَىtoذَاتِهِitselfلَاnotيَسْتَحِقُّdeservesالْوُجُودَexistenceفَلَاso it cannotيَكُونَbeبِالنَّظَرِin considerationإِلَىtoذَاتِهِits essenceمَوْجُودٌexisting
Its meaning is that every thing besides God is non-existent in its essence when considered in regard to its essence where it is possible, regardless of its existence; because everything besides Him is possible, and the possible, in regard to its essence, does not deserve existence, so it cannot be considered existing in regard to its essence.
فَلَاso it cannotيَكُونَbeبِالنَّظَرِin considerationإِلَىtoذَاتِهِits essenceمَوْجُودٌexisting
So it cannot be considered existing in regard to its essence.
أَوْorتَمَامِهِits completenessهُنَاكَthereوَفِيAnd inشَرْحِexplanationالْجَوْهَرَةِthe jewelلِلْقَانِيِّof Al-Qaniفَقَدْthereforeاسْتَثْنَوْاthey excludedمِنْfromذَٰلِكَthatالْعَرْشِthe throneوَالْكُرْسِيِّand the chairوَالْجَنَّةِand the paradiseوَالنَّارِand the fireوَأَهْلِهُمَاand their people
And in the explanation of the jewel of Al-Qani, they therefore excluded from that the throne, the chair, the paradise, the fire, and their people.
فَلَاso it cannotيَعْتَرِيَهَاbefall themهَلاَكٌperishingوَلَاnorفَنَاءٌannihilation
So perishing cannot befall them, nor annihilation.
وَمَثَلُAnd similarlyهَذَاthisالْجَوَابُanswerعَنْaboutابْنِIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُMay God be pleased with himوَزَادَand addedاسْتِثْنَاءَexceptionاللَّوْحَthe tabletوَالْقَلَمِand the penوَالأَرْوَاحِand the souls
And similarly, this is the answer about Ibn Abbas, may God be pleased with him, and he added the exception of the tablet, the pen, and the souls.
وَفِيهِAnd in itأيضًاalsoأَنْthatمَعْنَىthe meaningهَالِكٌperishingقَابِلٌis prone toلِلْهَلاَكِto perishمِنْfromحَيْثُwhereإِمْكَانُهُits possibilityوَإِفْتِقَارِهِand its needوَكَذَلكَand likewiseمَعْنَىthe meaningفَنَاءٌannihilationفَإِنَّforمَعْنَاهُits meaningقَابِلٌis prone toلِلْفَنَاءِto annihilationوَandتَمَامِهِits completenessمَبْسُوطٌis expandedهُنَاكَthere
And in it, there is also that the meaning of perishing is prone to perish from where its possibility and need; and likewise the meaning of annihilation is that it is prone to annihilation, and its completeness is expanded there.
فَهَذَاSo this
So this
كُلُّallرَدٌّis a refutationعَلَىagainstالمُعْتَزِلَةِthe Mu'tazilaوَالجَهْمِيَّةِand the Jahmites
is a refutation against the Mu'tazila and the Jahmites.
فَائِدَةٌA benefitكَمْHow muchخَلَقَcreatedاللَّهُGodالجَنَّةَthe paradiseفَوْقَaboveسَبْعٍsevenسَمَاوَاتٍheavensلَاnotفِيinالسَّمَاوَاتِthe heavensوَكَيْفَand how
A benefit: How much God created the paradise above the seven heavens, and how.