كَمَاasأَعْرِفُI knowاِبْنِيmy sonإِذَاifرَأَيْتُهُI see himمَعَwithالصُّبَيَانِthe boysوَأَنَاand Iأَشَدُّmoreمَعْرِفَةًknowledgeبِمُحَمَّدٍof MuhammadصَلَّىPeace be upon himاللَّهُGodعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَand peaceمِنِّيthan meعَنْ ابْنِيabout my son
I know my son as I see him with the boys, and I have more knowledge about Muhammad (may peace be upon him) than about my son.
فَقَدْThen UmarعُمَرُUmarرَضِيَmay God be pleasedاللَّهُGodعَنْهُwith himرَأْسَهُhis headثُمَّthenقَالَhe saidوَفَّقَكَMay God grant you successاللَّهُGodيَاOابْنَsonسَلَامٍPeaceفَقَدْyou haveصَدَقْتَspoken the truthوَأَصَبْتَand you were correct
Then Umar (may God be pleased with him) kissed his head and said, 'May God grant you success, O son of Salam, for you have spoken the truth and you were correct.'
كَذَاThusفِيinالشَّرْحِthe explanation
Thus, in the explanation.
وَالْحَاصِلُAnd the resultأَنَّthatالإِيمَانَfaithإِقْرَارٌis the declarationبِاللِّسَانِby the tongueوَتَصْدِيقٌand the affirmationبِالْجَنَانِof the heartأَيَّwhich meansالْقَلْبِthe heartفَتَارِكٌSo one who abandonsالْقَوْلَthe sayingكَافِرٌis a disbelieverعِندَamongالنَّاسِthe peopleوَإِنْand ifكَانَhe isمُؤْمِنًاa believerعِندَwithاللَّهِGodتَعَالَىthe Exalted
And the result is that faith is the declaration by the tongue and the affirmation of the heart, which means that one who abandons the saying is a disbeliever among the people, even if he is a believer with God the Exalted, in the more correct opinion.
وَتَارِكٌAnd the one who abandonsالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmationمُنَافِقٌis a hypocriteوَبِاللَّهِAnd with Godالتَّوْفِيقُis the success
And the one who abandons the affirmation is a hypocrite, and with God is the success.
فَصْلٌChapter
Chapter
قَالَHe saidالْمُصَنَّفُthe authorأَبُوAbuحَنِيفَةَHanifaرَضِيَmay God be pleasedاللَّهُGodعَنْهُwith him( وَالإِيمَانُ( and faithلَاdoes notيَزِيدُincreaseوَلَاnorيَنْقُصُdecrease
The author Abu Hanifa (may God be pleased with him) said: 'And faith does not increase nor decrease.'
أَقُولُI sayهَذَاthisعِنْدَatأَبِيAbu'sحَنِيفَةَHanifaوَأَصْحَابِهِand his companionsرَضِيَmay God be pleasedاللَّهُGodعَنْهُمwith himوَقَالَAnd he saidرَحِمَهُmay His mercyاللَّهُGod: لِأَنَّهُ: becauseلَاthere is noيَتَصَوَّرُit is conceivableنَقْصَانَهُits decreaseإِلَّاexceptبِزِيَادَةٍby increasingالْكُفْرِof disbeliefوَلَاand does notيَتَصَوَّرُit is conceivableزِيَادَتَهُits increaseإِلَّاexceptبِنَقْصَانٍby decreasingالْكُفْرِof disbelief.وَكَيْفَAnd howيَجُوزُis it permissibleأَنْtoيَكُونَbeالشَّخْصُthe personالْوَاحِدُoneفِيinحَالَةٍa conditionوَاحِدَةٍoneمُؤْمِنًاbelieverوَكَافِرًاand disbeliever
I say this at the opinion of Abu Hanifa and his companions (may God be pleased with them), and he said: 'Because its decrease can only be imagined by an increase of disbelief, and its increase can only be imagined by a decrease of disbelief; and how can it be permissible for one person to be both a believer and a disbeliever in the same condition?'
اَلْإِسْتَدَلَّThe imam arguedالاِمَامُthe imamرَضِيَmay God be pleasedاللَّهُGodعَنْهُwith himعَلَىonهَذَاthisبِأَنَّbecauseزِيَادَةَincreaseالاِيمَانِof faithلَاcannotيَتَصَوَّرُbe imaginedإِلَّاexceptبِنَاقِصَانٍby decreaseالْكُفْرِof disbeliefوَنَقْصَانَهُand its decreaseلَاcannotيَتَصَوَّرُbe imaginedإِلَّاexceptبِزِيَادَةٍby increaseالكُفْرِof disbelief.
The imam (may God be pleased with him) argued this by saying that the increase of faith cannot be imagined except by a decrease of disbelief, and its decrease cannot be imagined except by an increase of disbelief.
وَاجْتِمَاعُهَاAnd their coming togetherفِيinذَاتٍthe same essenceواحِدَةٍoneفِيinحَالَةٍa conditionواحدَةٍone
And their coming together in the same essence in one condition is impossible.
وَهَذَاAnd thisلِأَنَّbecauseالكُفْرُdisbeliefضِدٌّis the opposite ofالاِيمَانِfaithوَهُوَand it isتَكْذِيبٌa denialوَجُحُودٌand ingratitude
And this is because disbelief is the opposite of faith, and it is a denial and ingratitude.
كَذَاSimilarlyفِيinالشَّرْحِthe explanation
Thus in the explanation.
وَقَالَAnd the author saidالمُصَنَّفُthe authorأَبُوAbuحَنِيفَةHanifaرَضِيَmay God be pleasedاللَّهُGodعَنْهُwith himفِيinالشَّرْحِthe explanation
And the author Abu Hanifa (may God be pleased with him) said in the explanation.
الْمُؤْمِنُونَThe believersمَسْتَوُونَare equalفِيinدَرَجَةِthe degreeالإِيمَانِof faith
The believers are equal in the degree of faith.