fiqh al akbar

Page 33

وَالجَمَاعَةُand the communityوَلَاand notهِيَit is

And the community is not it.

عَطَّلْنَاwe have invalidatedصِفَاتِهِHis attributesتَعَالَىexalted is HeوَandهُوَHe isمَذْهَبٌthe doctrineالْقَدَرِيَّةُof the Qadaritesوَالْمُعْتَزِلَةُand the Mu'tazilitesلِأَنَّهُمْbecause they

We have invalidated His attributes, exalted is He, and this is the doctrine of the Qadarites and the Mu'tazilites because they.

يَجْعَلُونَthey makeالإرَادَةَthe willوَالْمَشِيئَةَand the volitionوَالْقَضَاءَand the decreeوَالْقَدَرَand the destinyوَالْحُكْمَand the judgmentكُلَّهَاall of themعَلَىonمَعْنَىthe meaningالعِلْمِof knowledge

They make the will, the volition, the decree, the destiny, and the judgment all based on the meaning of knowledge.

وَعَنْAnd aboutهَذَاthisأُنْكِرُواthey deniedالْمَشِيئَةَthe willوَالْإرَادَةَand the desireوَالْقَضَاءَand the decreeعَنْofالشَّرِّevil

And about this, they denied the will, the desire, and the decree of evil.

وَكَلاَمُAnd the wordاللَّهِof AllahتَعَالَىExalted is Heيَرُدُّrefutes

And the word of Allah, exalted is He, refutes them in more than one place in the Quran.

وَقَدْAnd indeedبَيَّنَّاwe have clarifiedذَاكthatوَلَوْand ifقُلْنَاwe sayمُتَغَايِرَةًdifferentفَقَدْindeedأَوْقَعْنَاwe have causedالْمُغَايِرَةَthe differenceبَيْنَbetweenالذَّاتِthe essenceوَبَيْنَand betweenالْصِّفَاتِthe attributes

And indeed we have clarified that, and if we say they are different, we have indeed caused a difference between the essence and the attributes.

وَهُوَAnd he isمَذْهَبٌthe doctrineالْمُعْتَزِلَةُof the Mu'tazilitesوَالْأَشَاعِرَةُand the Ash'aritesإنَّهُمْthat theyيَجْعَلُونَthey makeصِفَاتَattributesالْفِعْلِof actionمُحْدَثَةًnewly createdوَذَاand thatلَاnotيَجُوزُit is permissible

And this is the doctrine of the Mu'tazilites and the Ash'arites that they make the attributes of action newly created, and this is not permissible.

فَكَذَلِكَThusالْمُغَايِرَةُthe differenceبَيْنَbetweenالْصِّفَاتِthe attributes

Thus, the difference between the attributes.

ثُمَّThenصِفَاتُthe attributesاللَّهِof Allahلَاnotهِيَit isهُوَHeوَلَاnorغَيْرُهُother than Himعِندَatأَهْلِthe peopleالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnah

Then the attributes of Allah are not it, nor other than Him, according to the people of the Sunnah.

مُحْدَثَةٌnewly createdسَوَاءٌwhetherكَانَتْthey wereمِنْfromصِفَاتٍthe attributesالذَّاتِthe essenceأَوْorمِنْfromصِفَاتٍthe attributesالْفِعْلِof actionوَلَاand notتُوَصَفُit is describedبِالسَّبْقِby precedenceعَلَىoverبَعْضٍsomeوَقَوْلُهُAnd His sayingفِيinالْكِتَابِthe bookوَلَكِنْbutسَبَقَتْprecededمَشِيئَتُهُHis willأَمْرُهُHis command

The attributes of Allah are newly created whether they are from the attributes of the essence or from the attributes of action, and they are not described by precedence over some. And His saying in the book: "But His will precedes His command."

يَعْنِيmeansمَأْمُورَهُwhat he commandedوَقَالَتْAnd saidالْقَدَرِيَّةُthe Qadaritesهِيَit isغَيْرُهُsomething elseوَتَابِعَهَاand followed byالْأَشْعَرِيَّةُthe Ash'aritesوَهَذَاand thisفَرْعٌis a branchلِمَسْأَلَةٍof the matterأُخْرَىanother

Means, what he commanded, and the Qadarites said it is something else, followed by the Ash'arites, and this is a branch of another matter.

أَنْthatصِفَاتُthe attributesالْفِعْلِof actionمُحْدَثَةٌare newly createdعِندَهُمْin their view

That the attributes of action are newly created in their view.

وَقَالُواAnd they saidإِنَّاIndeed weنَرَىseeفِيinالشَّاهِدِthe witnessedأَنَّهُthat itلَاnotيَكُونُbeالْمَكْتُوبُthe writtenمَكْتُوبًاwrittenإِلَّاexceptبِالْكُتُبِby writing

And they said, indeed we see in the witnessed that the written is not written except by writing.

وَلَاand notيَحْصُلُoccursالْبِنَاءُthe constructionإِلَّاexceptبِفِعْلِby the actionالْبِنَاءِthe construction

And not occurs the construction except by the action of the construction.

وَلَاand notالْمَفْعُولُthe objectإِلَّاexceptبِالْفَاعِلِby the agent

And not the object occurs except by the agent.

فَكَذَلِكَThusفِيinالْغَائِبِthe unseen

Thus, in the unseen.

وَعَنْAnd aboutهَذَاthisأَنَّهُthat Heتَعَالَىthe Exaltedخَالِقٌis the creatorبِخَلْقِهِby His creationوَرَازِقٌand the sustainerبِرِزْقِهِwith His sustenanceوَآمِرٌand the commanderبِأَمْرِهِby His commandوَمُرِيدٌand the willingبِإِرَادَتِهِby His willوَنَحْنُand weنَقُولُsayخَالِقٌa creatorلَمْneverيَزَلْceaseخَالِقًاcreatingرَازِقٌthe sustainerلَمْneverيَزَلْceasesرَازِقًاsustainingمُرِيدٌthe willing

And about this that He, exalted is He, is the creator by His creation and the sustainer by His sustenance, and the commander by His command and the willing by His will. And we say He is a creator who never ceases creating, a sustainer who never ceases sustaining, a willing who never ceases willing.

كَمَاAsنَقُولُwe sayعَالِمٌthe all-knowing

As we say, the all-knowing.